STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff - Appellee, vs. RAMON LAMONT PRICE , Defendant - Appellant.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 8-907 / 07-1450
Filed December 31, 2008
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
RAMON LAMONT PRICE,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Joel D. Novak, Judge.
Price
appeals
from
his
first-degree
and
second-degree
robbery
convictions. AFFIRMED IN PART; SENTENCE VACATED IN PART.
Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and David Adams, Assistant
Appellate Defender, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Thomas S. Tauber, Assistant Attorney
General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and, Michael Hunter, Assistant
County Attorney, for appellee.
Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Mahan and Miller, JJ.
2
VOGEL, P.J.
Ramon Price appeals from his convictions of one count of first-degree
robbery in violation of Iowa Code sections 711.1 and 711.2 (2005) and two
counts of second-degree robbery in violation of Iowa Code sections 711.1 and
711.3. Our review is for corrections of errors at law. Iowa R. App. P. 6.4.
Price challenges the sufficiency of the evidence as to his first-degree
robbery conviction arguing the State had failed to prove the two and one-eight
inch pocket knife he was armed with was a dangerous weapon.
“A person
commits robbery in the first degree when, while perpetrating a robbery, the
person purposely inflicts or attempts to inflict serious injury, or is armed with a
dangerous weapon.” Iowa Code § 711.2. A dangerous weapon is
any instrument or device designed primarily for use in inflicting
death or injury upon a human being or animal, and which is capable
of inflicting death upon a human being when used in the manner for
which it was designed. Additionally, any instrument or device of
any sort whatsoever which is actually used in such a manner as to
indicate that the defendant intends to inflict death or serious injury
upon the other, and which when so used, is capable of inflicting
death upon a human being, is a dangerous weapon. Dangerous
weapons include, but are not limited to, any offensive weapon,
pistol, revolver, or other firearm, dagger, razor, stiletto, switchblade
knife, or knife having a blade exceeding five inches in length.
Iowa Code § 702.7.
In order to review this claim, Price was required to preserve the alleged
error. State v. Houts, 622 N.W.2d 309, 311-12 (Iowa 2001) (“Issues not raised in
the district court will not be considered on appeal.”). In district court Price did not
challenge whether the knife was a “dangerous weapon,” but rather only
challenged whether a weapon was used. Thus, Price did not preserve error.
See State v. Crone, 545 N.W.2d 267, 270 (Iowa 1996) (motion for judgment of
3
acquittal does not preserve error where there was no reference to the specific
grounds argued on appeal); State v. Geier, 484 N.W.2d 167, 170-71 (Iowa 1992)
(motion for judgment of acquittal does not preserve error where there was no
reference to the grounds in district court).
However, had error been preserved, we would conclude the State proved
the pocket knife Price used to threaten an employee of a Family Dollar Store in
order to secure the contents of the store’s cash register, was a dangerous
weapon. Upon submission of the evidence, the jury was to decide whether the
State had proved the elements of the crime charged and may use their common
sense in determining whether the knife was capable of causing death. See State
v. Stevens, 719 N.W.2d 547, 552 (Iowa 2006) (“Jurors are not expected to lay
aside matters of common knowledge or their own observation and experience of
the affairs of life, but may give effect to such inferences as common knowledge
or their personal observation and experience may reasonably draw from the facts
directly proved.” (citations omitted)).
Thus, Price’s conviction for first-degree
robbery was supported by sufficient evidence.
Price also argues that the district court erred in assessing a ten dollar
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) surcharge pursuant to Iowa Code
section 911.2 to each of his robbery convictions. The State concedes robbery is
not included in the crimes listed in section 911.2 as being subject to the DARE
surcharge. Thus, we vacate this portion of Price’s sentence.
AFFIRMED IN PART; SENTENCE VACATED IN PART.
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