Barnes v. Georgia
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In 1993, a jury found Appellant Joseph Barnes guilty of malice murder, two counts of felony murder, and armed robbery and recommended a death sentence. The trial court sentenced Barnes to death for the murder and also imposed a consecutive life sentence for the armed robbery. The Supreme Court affirmed Appellant's convictions but vacated the death sentence and remanded the case back to the trial court for a new sentencing hearing based on its conclusion that the trial court had improperly restricted the scope of mitigating evidence presented at the sentencing phase of Appellant's trial. On remand, Appellant and the State entered into a sentencing agreement under which Appellant accepted a sentence of life without parole and the State agreed to withdraw its notice of intent to seek the death penalty. The trial court accepted the agreement at a hearing and sentenced Barnes to life without parole on his malice murder conviction. In 2011, proceeding pro se, Appellant filed a motion for an out-of-time appeal. He appealed following the denial of his motion. Because Appellant challenged the validity of the sentencing agreement which could have been resolved against him on the record, the trial court did not err in denying his motion for an out-of-time appeal.
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In the Supreme Court of Georgia Decided: October 1, 2012 S12A0708. BARNES v. THE STATE. HUNSTEIN, Chief Justice. In 1993, a jury found appellant Joseph M. Barnes guilty of malice murder, two counts of felony murder, and armed robbery and recommended a sentence of death for the murder. The trial court sentenced Barnes to death for the murder and also imposed a consecutive life sentence for the armed robbery. This Court affirmed Barnes convictions but vacated the death sentence and remanded to the trial court for a new sentencing hearing based on our conclusion that the trial court had improperly restricted the scope of mitigating evidence presented at the sentencing phase of Barnes trial. See Barnes v. State, 269 Ga. 345 (27) (496 SE2d 674) (1998). On remand, Barnes and the State entered into a sentencing agreement under which Barnes accepted a sentence of life without parole and the State agreed to withdraw its notice of intent to seek the death penalty.1 The trial court accepted the agreement at a hearing on November 16, 1999 and sentenced Barnes to life without parole on his malice murder conviction. On August 30, 2011, Barnes, proceeding pro se, filed a motion for out-of-time appeal. Barnes appeals following the denial of his motion, and we affirm. In prior cases, we have examined enumerations of error related to the validity of a sentencing agreement like Barnes under the same legal standards applicable to guilty pleas. See Hinely v. State, 275 Ga. 777, 783 (5) (573 SE2d 66) (2002) (holding in case involving sentencing agreement similar to Barnes that the prospect of a greater sentence is not coercion that prevents the decision to plead guilty, or to accept a certain lesser sentence, from being free and voluntary ); Brantley v. State, 268 Ga. 151 (1) (486 SE2d 169) (1997) 1 OCGA § 17-10-16 (a) makes a life sentence without the possibility of parole an option in cases in which a person is convicted of an offense committed after May 1, 1993, for which the death penalty may be imposed under the laws of this state. The crimes of which Barnes was convicted occurred on February 13, 1992. The act creating OCGA § 17-10-16 provided, however, that a defendant who committed an offense for which the death penalty may be imposed prior to May 1, 1993 may, with the express written consent of the state, elect in writing to be sentenced under the provisions of this Act provided that: (1) jeopardy for the offense charged has not attached and the state has filed with the trial court notice of its intention to seek the death penalty or (2) the defendant has been sentenced to death but the conviction or sentence has been reversed on appeal and the state is not barred from seeking the death penalty after remand. Ga. L. 1993, p. 1654, § 7. 2 (analyzing claim of ineffective assistance of counsel in connection with sentencing agreement under standard applicable to ineffective assistance claim in context of guilty plea). Likewise, in reviewing the issue on appeal in this case, we turn for guidance to our cases addressing the availability of an out-oftime appeal from a judgment and sentence entered on a guilty plea. It is well established that a criminal defendant has no unqualified right to file a direct appeal from a judgment of conviction and sentence entered on a guilty plea. (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Brown v. State, 290 Ga. 321 (1) (720 SE2d 617) (2012). [A]n appeal will lie . . . only if the errors asserted on appeal can be resolved by facts appearing on the face of the record, and the denial of a request for out-of-time appeal is proper if an examination of the record reveals no merit to the claimed errors. (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Adams v. State, 285 Ga. 744 (1) (683 SE2d 586) (2009). Barnes maintains that the sentencing agreement should be invalidated because the trial court imposed multiple life sentences for the same offense, contrary to the terms of the sentencing agreement and Georgia law.2 The record 2 Although Barnes raises other challenges to the sentencing agreement in an amended appellant s brief filed in response to the State s brief, these challenges were not raised in the trial court in connection with the motion for out-of-time appeal and therefore 3 contradicts Barnes contentions. Under the sentencing agreement, Barnes agreed to accept a single sentence of life without parole for malice murder, and that is the sentence the trial court imposed. The two felony murder convictions always stood vacated by operation of law. Williams v. State, 270 Ga. 125, 126 (4) (508 SE2d 415) (1998) ( When the jury returns guilty verdicts on both felony murder and malice murder charges in connection with the death of one person, it is the felony murder conviction . . . that is simply surplusage and stands vacated by operation of law ) (citations and punctuation omitted). Because our prior decision affirmed Barnes conviction and life sentence for armed robbery, the sentencing agreement could not and did not purport to address his sentence for that offense. Barnes argument to the contrary notwithstanding, the armed robbery conviction did not merge into his conviction for felony murder with armed robbery as the underlying felony. Where, as here, a felony murder conviction is vacated by operation of law, there is no felony murder [conviction] into which the underlying felony can merge. Malcolm v. State, 263 Ga. 369, 373 (5) (434 SE2d 479) (1993). Nor did Barnes conviction for armed robbery merge into the malice murder conviction. See Culpepper v. have been waived. See Hollins v. State, 287 Ga. 233, 233-234 (695 SE2d 23) (2010). 4 State, 289 Ga. 736 (2) (b) (715 SE2d 155) (2011). Because Barnes challenges to the validity of the sentencing agreement can be resolved against him on the record, the trial court did not err in denying his motion for an out-of-time appeal. See Upperman v. State, 288 Ga. 447 (1) (705 SE2d 152) (2011); Adams, supra, 285 Ga. at 748-749. Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur. 5
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