Alberto Rodriguez v. Government Employees Insurance Company
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DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA FOURTH DISTRICT July Term 2011 ALBERTO RODRIGUEZ, Petitioner, v. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES INSURANCE COMPANY, Respondent. No. 4D10-4617 [December 21, 2011] HAZOURI, J. Alberto Rodriguez has filed a second-tier petition for writ of certiorari from an opinion rendered by the circuit court1 sitting in its appellate capacity. In his petition Rodriguez argued that the circuit court erred in affirming the summary judgment entered in the county court in favor of Government Employees Insurance Company (GEICO). He also asserted the county court erred in failing to award him attorneys fees pursuant to section 627.428, Florida Statutes (2009), and further erred in awarding attorneys fees to GEICO based upon a proposal for settlement pursuant to section 768.79, Florida Statutes (2009). We find no error in the circuit court s affirming the county court s rulings on the motion for summary judgment in favor of GEICO. Th e county court judge concluded in granting GEICO s motion for summary judgment that there were no genuine issues of material fact supporting Rodriguez s claims against GEICO. In affirming the summary judgment the circuit court did not depart from the essential requirements of law resulting in a miscarriage of justice, which is a requirement for our review. See Custer Med. Ctr. v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 62 So. 3d 1086 (Fla. 2010). On the claims for attorneys fees, the circuit court affirmed the lower court s determination of attorneys fees based upon GEICO s being the prevailing party, the standard set forth in Moritz v. Hoyt Enterprises, Inc., 604 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 1992). GEICO was awarded $168,386.39. In so 1 The circuit court sitting in its appellate capacity consisted of a one-judge panel as opposed to a three-judge panel which is employed in many other circuits. ruling, the circuit court departed from the essential requirements of law resulting in a miscarriage of justice. This case began following Rodriguez s involvement in a car accident. At the time of the accident he was the owner and holder of a policy issued to him by GEICO. GEICO examined the vehicle and assigned a value to the repairs. Rodriguez elected to have his car repaired at a specific shop, and GEICO issued a payment for the repairs consistent with the estimate. Rodriguez sought additional funds alleging the initial estimate did not include repairs for all of the damages sustained as a result of the accident. GEICO supplemented its estimate and issued another check for the remaining repairs. Subsequently, Rodriguez filed suit against GEICO seeking damages under th e policy for negligent repairs made by the body shop, and alleging that GEICO was liable for repairs that were necessary due to the accident, but not contained in either the initial or supplemental estimates. GEICO moved successfully for summary judgment on the claim for negligent repairs. However, the trial court denied the portion of the motion directed at GEICO s failure to pay for all of the repairs resulting from the accident. Thereafter, GEICO filed an amended answer and affirmative defenses, a counterclaim a n d a third party complaint. Among its various affirmative defenses GEICO alleged that Rodriguez was not the owner of the vehicle, and that he affirmatively misrepresented such ownership to GEICO to procure the recovery of the cost to repair the vehicle from GEICO. GEICO alleged that Rodriguez s conduct was negligent and fraudulent. Therefore, he was barred from recovery. In its counterclaim GEICO alleged fraud, conspiracy to commit fraud, a n d unjust enrichment, a n d sought refund of the monies paid to Rodriguez for the approved costs of repair. The parties participated in arbitration ordered by the county court. The arbitrator f o u n d a material misrepresentation b y Rodriguez associated with an inaccurate assertion of the vehicle s ownership that barred his recovery. However, the arbitrator f o u n d that the misrepresentation did not rise to the level of common law fraud to support GEICO s claims and therefore Rodriguez did not have to refund payments made by GEICO. Also, the unjust enrichment claims failed because GEICO retained Rodriguez s premiums. 2 Renewed summary judgment motions followed resulting in a final judgment in GEICO s favor on the complaint, and in Rodriguez s favor on the counterclaim. GEICO moved for fees, based upon its $100.00 proposal for settlement, coupled with section 768.79, Florida Statutes. The county court awarded GEICO fees and costs in the amount of $168,386.39. It denied Rodriguez s comparable motion which was based on section 627.428. The county court in denying Rodriguez s claim for attorneys fees based on section 627.428 reasoned that no recovery had resulted and no finding of coverage was ever made. This is in direct conflict with the wellestablished principle that Rodriguez merely needed to obtain a judgment in his favor in order to be entitled to an award of attorneys fees. See Danis Indus. Corp. v. Ground Improvement Techniques, Inc., 645 So. 2d 420, 421 (Fla. 1994). The failure of the county court judge to award attorneys fees is directly contrary to the mandatory, non-discretionary requirements of law as provided by section 627.428, Florida Statutes . . . . Ramirez v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 67 So. 3d 1174, 1175 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011). The circuit court further compounded the error in affirming the county court by using the prevailing party test outlined in Moritz, which defines a prevailing party for entitlement purposes as a party who has prevailed on the significant issues tried before the court. Application of Moritz is contrary to the Florida Supreme holding in Danis. The supreme court, addressing a question regarding whether the prevailing party test of Moritz applied award sought pursuant to section 627.4282, concluded that it 2 Court s certified to a fee did not. Section 627.428, Florida Statutes, provides: (1) Upon the rendition of a judgment or decree by any of the courts of this state against an insurer and in favor of any named or omnibus insured or the named beneficiary under a policy or contract executed by the insurer, the trial court or, in the event of an appeal in which the insured or beneficiary prevails, the appellate court shall adjudge or decree against the insurer and in favor of the insured or beneficiary a reasonable sum as fees or compensation for the insured s or beneficiary s attorney prosecuting the suit in which the recovery is had. ... (3) When so awarded, compensation or fees of the attorney shall be included in the judgment or decree rendered in the case. 3 The supreme court noted that the rationale of Moritz did not apply to section 627.428 but provides a right to attorneys fees only for the insured. Id. at 421-22. Rodriguez further argues that since he is entitled to attorneys fees and those attorneys fees would have clearly exceeded the $100.00 proposal for settlement, not only is he entitled to attorneys fees but also it was error to award GEICO fees pursuant to its proposal for settlement. We disagree. The parties respective fee awards are mutually exclusive because they involve totally different claims and were based on different statutory provisions. See Tierra Holdings, Ltd. v. Mercantile Bank, 36 Fla. L. Weekly D1049 (Fla. 1st DCA May 18, 2011). GEICO s proposal for settlement was strictly limited to Rodriguez s original complaint concerning insurance coverage. Conversely, Rodriguez s claim for fees was for successfully defending GEICO s counterclaim for fraud. In Tierra, the First District considered whether a proposal for settlement made under section 768.79 cut off a prevailing party s right to fees under a prevailing party contractual term. Id. at 1050. In that case, the prevailing party, Mercantile Bank, was awarded fees under a contractual prevailing party provision, a n d th e other party, Tierra Holdings, Ltd., was awarded its attorney s fees incurred after the date of its valid proposal for settlement pursuant to section 768.79. Id. Tierra argued that its proposal for settlement cut off Mercantile s entitlement to fees under th e contract which were incurred after the date of the proposal. Id. The First District held that section 768.79 could not defeat or cut off a n attorney s fee award granted under a prevailing party contract provision. Id. at 1052 (noting that nothing in the language of section 768.79 authorizes the modification of a contractual right to attorney s fees ). The trial court in Tierra determined that Mercantile was entitled to the full amount of its fees and costs for the breach of contract claim in the amount of $232,381.62. It determined that Tierra was entitled to fees and costs of $208,627.95 pursuant to its proposal for settlement. As a result, the trial court awarded Mercantile $23,753.67, the difference between the award of Mercantile s fees and costs, and the award of Tierra s fees and costs. Id. at 1050. The circuit court s application of the prevailing party principle in the determination of attorneys fees is a clear departure from the essential requirements of law which resulted in a miscarriage of justice. The county court clearly erred in failing to award attorneys fees under section 627.428 based o n th e misconception that Rodriguez had to 4 recover a money judgment or have a determination of coverage in defending the claim of fraud asserted by GEICO. In its order awarding GEICO attorneys fees, the hours used in the calculations began from the proposal for settlement forward. Those hours appear to include time pursuing its claim of fraud against Rodriguez, which would be inappropriate. After the appropriate calculations of fees for Rodriguez and the proper calculation of fees for GEICO there should be a setoff of fees as was done in Tierra. We therefore grant the petition for certiorari on the issue of attorneys fees and remand it to the circuit court sitting in its appellate capacity to apply the correct law in its review of the county court s order on attorneys fees. Petition granted; reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. POLEN, J., concurs. DAMOORGIAN, J., dissents. DAMOORGIAN, J., dissenting. I would not grant the petition for second-tier review. The Florida Supreme Court in Custer Med. Ctr. v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 62 So. 3d 1086 (Fla. 2010), and more recently this Court in United Auto. Ins. Co. v. Palm Chiropractic Ctr., Inc., 51 So. 3d 506, 508 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010), have made it abundantly clear that judicial review should consistently become narrower, not broader as a case travels up the judicial ladder. Custer Med. Ctr., 62 So. 3d at 1092 (quoting Haines City Cmty. Dev. v. Heggs, 658 So. 2d 523, 530 (Fla. 1995)). Therefore, when a district court considers a petition for second-tier certiorari review, the inquiry is limited to whether the circuit court afforded procedural due process and whether the circuit court applied the correct law, or, as otherwise stated, departed from the essential requirements of law. Id. (emphasis added) (citation omitted). We know that legal error alone does not constitute a departure from the essential requirements of the law. As Judge Gross noted in Palm Chiropractic Ctr., [t]he departure from the essential requirements of the law necessary for granting a writ of certiorari is something more than a simple legal error. Rather, a district court should exercise its discretion to grant review only when the lower tribunal has violated a clearly established principle of law resulting in a miscarriage of justice. Palm Chiropractic Ctr., 51 So. 3d at 508 (quoting Custer Med. Ctr., 62 So. 3d at 1092)). 5 In Palm Chiropractic Ctr., we held that the circuit court sitting in its appellate capacity incorrectly applied the decisional law of this court to determine whether there was a n accord and satisfaction which the petitioner had raised as an affirmative defense. Palm Chiropractic Ctr., 51 So. 3d at 509. We noted that the circuit court incorrectly applied the correct law. Id. In this case, the majority identified the legal error as the failure to apply the holding Danis Indus. Corp. v. Ground Improvement Techniques, Inc., 645 So. 2d 420 (Fla. 1994), to determine the validity of a claim for attorney s fees under section 627.428, Florida Statutes (2009). This sounds strikingly familiar to Palm Chiropractic Ctr. In both cases the circuit court correctly identified the basis of the claim or defense, and, thereafter, misapplied the law to determine whether the claim or defense was valid. I suspect what motivates the majority is the size of the money judgment. There was a sizable money judgment in Palm Chiropractic Ctr. to the tune of over $50,000.00 as well as an error of law. We denied second-tier certiorari review in that case because something more is required for there to be a miscarriage of justice. Palm Chiropractic Ctr., 51 So. 3d at 509. And, here, as in Palm Chiropractic Ctr., [t]he circuit court decision is fact dependent; it does not establish an incorrect legal principle that will deleteriously affect a great number of cases. Id. Notwithstanding my dissent, I agree with the majority s application of Tierra Holdings, Ltd. v. Mercantile Bank, 36 Fla. L. Weekly D1049 (Fla. 1st DCA May 18 2011), and its conclusion that the parties respective fee awards are mutually exclusive. * * * Petition for writ of certiorari to the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit, Broward County; Marc H. Gold, Judge; L.T. Case No. 09-2964(14). Aylin Morales and Mariano R. Gonzalez of Law Offices of Gonzalez & Associates, P.A., Miramar, for petitioner. Frank A. Zacherl, Temple Fett Kearns, and Krista S. Kovalcin of Shutts & Bowen, L.L.P., Fort Lauderdale, for respondent. Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing. 6
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