United States v. Cox, No. 18-10416 (9th Cir. 2020)
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The Ninth Circuit affirmed defendant's convictions for child pornography-related charges, including one count of making a notice offering child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. 2251(d)(1)(A). In this case, defendant used an online instant messaging platform to exchange child pornography with one other individual.
The panel held that one-to-one communications can satisfy the "notice" requirement in section 2251(d)(1), and that a rational fact-finder could find that defendant made a notice offering child pornography when she sent a one-to-one electronic message linking to a Dropbox account that contained child pornography. The panel also held that the district court did not err by admitting a Kik messenger exchange under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) to prove defendant's identity and absence of mistake.
Court Description: Criminal Law. The panel affirmed convictions on child pornography- related charges, including one count of making a notice offering child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2251(d)(1)(A). The panel held that one-to-one communications can satisfy the “notice” requirement in § 2251(d)(1), and that a rational fact-finder could find that the defendant made a notice offering child pornography when she sent a one-to- one electronic message linking to a Dropbox account that contained child pornography. The panel also held that the district court did not abuse its discretion when it admitted under Fed. R. Evid. 404(b) an uncharged Kik messenger exchange to prove the defendant’s identity and absence of mistake.
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