United States v. Wandland, No. 14-10170 (9th Cir. 2016)
Annotate this CaseDefendant appealed his conviction and sentence for tax related charges. The court concluded that ample evidence supported the guilty verdicts on the levy counts where the jury found that defendant's partnership draws were remuneration paid for professional services (legal services), defined on a yearly basis (based on the year’s profits), and payable at regular intervals (monthly), rendering them a “salary" under 26 U.S.C. 6331(e); the court rejected defendant's argument that the district court erred in not dismissing the levy counts because they exceeded the three-year statute of limitations, and held that the six-year statute of limitations applies to violations of 26 U.S.C. 7206(4); and the district court properly rejected defendant's res judicata argument that the government should be precluded from pursuing a criminal action concerning the assets and tax liabilities the bankruptcy court already discharged, and the court held that the IRS in a bankruptcy action and the United States government in a criminal action are not in privity. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment. The court resolved defendant's other arguments in a concurrently-filed memorandum disposition.
Court Description: Criminal Law. The panel affirmed the district court in all respects in a case in which the defendant was convicted of tax related charges, including tax evasion. The panel held that neither the district court nor the jury erred in concluding that the defendant’s monthly income from his law practice qualified as “salary or wages” under 26 U.S.C. § 6331(e), and therefore rejected the defendant’s contention that the government could not prove concealment of property subject to a levy, as required for conviction under 26 U.S.C. § 7206(4). Rejecting the defendant’s contention that the district court erred in dismissing the levy counts because they exceeded the three-year statute of limitations, the panel held that the six- year statute of limitations of 26 U.S.C. § 6531(1), covering tax offenses “involving the defrauding or attempting to defraud” the government, applies to prosecutions under § 7206(4). The panel held that the district court properly rejected the defendant’s argument that res judicata precludes the government from pursuing a criminal action concerning his debts that were already discharged in bankruptcy. The panel held res judicata cannot apply because the IRS in a UNITED STATES V. WANLAND 3 bankruptcy action and the United States government in a criminal action are not in privity. The panel resolved several of the defendant’s arguments in a concurrently-filed memorandum disposition.
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