Cesar Pacheco-Mota v. Merrick B. Garland, No. 22-3651 (8th Cir. 2023)
Annotate this Case
Petitioner is a twenty-three-year-old Guatemalan citizen who fears returning to his home country. Petitioner believed that, due to the large and interconnected network of gang members in the country, nowhere in Guatemala was safe for him. At age seventeen, Petitioner left Guatemala and came to the United States. The Attorney General initiated removal proceedings against him. Petitioner conceded removability and applied for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture. He claimed that he was persecuted on account of his membership in the social group “Guatemalan children who are witnesses of gang crime.” The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied each of his applications. The BIA rejected Petitioner’s applications for asylum and withholding of removal because Petitioner failed to identify a cognizable particular social group. Specifically, the BIA concluded that his proposed group lacked particularity because the term “children” is “vague and amorphous,” and the broader group of “witnesses to gang crime” lacked social distinction. Petitioner appealed.
The Eighth Circuit affirmed. The court explained Petitioner’s proposed social group fails for lack of social distinction. The court explained that if it grants Petitioner the benefit of the broader definition of “children,” the proposed social group is, in effect, all Guatemalan “witnesses to gang crime.” Petitioner did not introduce evidence establishing that Guatemalan society “in general perceives, considers, or recognizes persons sharing the particular characteristic” of gang crime witnesses as a distinct group. Accordingly, the court explained that because Petitioner failed to establish membership in a cognizable particular social group, the BIA did not err in denying his applications for asylum and withholding of removal.
Court Description: [Gruender, Author, with Loken and Benton, Circuit Judges] Petition for Review - Immigration. The agency did not err in denying petitioner's request for asylum and withholding of removal based on its determination that petitioner was not a member of a cognizable particular social group, as his proposed group - Guatemalan children who witness gang crime - lacked particularity and social distinction.
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.