United States v. Carter, No. 15-1335 (7th Cir. 2016)
Annotate this CaseOfficers followed Carter after observing his cocaine transaction. A high-speed chase ensued. Carter wove through traffic, ignoring stop signs, and drove 80 mph through residential streets and alleyways. He narrowly missed hitting a child on a bicycle and drove over a sidewalk. Carter eventually lost control of the car and slammed into a curb. He attempted to flee on foot. A struggle ensued; officers sustained minor injuries before subduing Carter. Carter pleaded guilty to possessing cocaine with the intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1). The PSR credited the officer’s version of events and concluded that the punches and Carter’s unsheathing of a knife created a substantial risk of serious bodily injury. The judge applied a six-level upward adjustment to his total offense level, based on a finding that he had assaulted officers while attempting to flee an arrest, U.S.S.G. 3A1.2(c)(1). The Seventh Circuit affirmed, rejecting Carter’s argument that the judge failed to make a specific finding that Carter's conduct during the struggle was serious enough to pose “a substantial risk of serious bodily injury” to the officers, as required by section 3A1.2(c)(1). The judge was permitted to adopt the PSR findings, including the finding that the blow to the head sustained by an officer created a substantial risk of serious bodily injury.
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