United States v. Thomas, No. 19-5529 (6th Cir. 2020)
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Thomas pled guilty to two counts of distributing a mixture containing heroin, 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(C). Thomas had several prior Michigan law drug convictions, including convictions for delivery of heroin and for possession with intent to deliver marijuana. The court concluded that those convictions made Thomas a career offender under the Guidelines, resulting in a sentencing range of 140-175 months.
The Sixth Circuit affirmed a 140-moth sentence. The Guidelines define a controlled-substance offense as “an offense under federal or state law . . . that prohibits the manufacture, import, export, distribution, or dispensing of a controlled substance . . . or the possession of a controlled substance . . . with intent to manufacture, import, export, distribute, or dispense.” If the least culpable conduct criminalized by a statute falls outside the U.S.S.G. 4B1.2 definition, a conviction under that statute does not qualify as a controlled substance offense. The Guidelines define both distribution and possession with the intent to distribute as controlled-substance offenses. Under federal law, “distribution,” means “delivery,” “the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer of a controlled substance,” 21 U.S.C. 802(8).. Michigan defines “delivery” the same way. There is no meaningful difference between the federal offense of distribution and the Michigan offense of delivery. Nor is there any substantive difference between possession with the intent to distribute under federal law and possession with intent to deliver under Michigan law.
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