United States v. Nevares-Bustamante, No. 10-31110 (5th Cir. 2012)
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Defendant, a Mexican citizen, was removed from the U.S. in 1989, following convictions for grand theft auto, second degree burglary, amd receiving stolen property. About one month later, he illegally reentered. In 1990, he was convicted in Missouri of rape and armed criminal action and was sentenced to 18 years in prison. The Border Patrol was not notified of his 2008 release, and no removal order issued. In 2009 he was taken into custody and pleaded guilty to one count of illegal reentry, 8 U.S.C. 1326(a), (b)(2). The presentence report recommended enhancing his offense level by 16 levels based on his 1990 conviction. The district court found that, after serving his sentence, defendant unlawfully remained in the U.S., applied the 16-level enhancement and calculated a guidelines imprisonment range of 77 to 96 months, then sentenced him to 90 months. The Fifth Circuit vacated and remanded, holding that a defendant alleged to have unlawfully remained in the U.S. following a qualifying conviction under U.S.S.G. 2L1.2(b)(1)(A) is subject to the 2L1.2(b)(1)(A) enhancement only when a removal order is issued or reinstated after that conviction.
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