United States v. Mathis, No. 16-4633 (4th Cir. 2019)
Annotate this CaseDefendants, members of a violent street gang known as the Double Nine Goon Syndikate, appealed their convictions and sentences for crimes related to their gang activities. The Fourth Circuit held that the district court's decision to empanel an anonymous jury was supported by a preponderance of the evidence and was therefore not an abuse of discretion; the admission of the challenged inculpatory co-conspirator statements did not violate defendants' rights under the Confrontation Clause; there was no defect, plain or otherwise, in the indictment; even if the district court's jury instruction was improper, defendants could have cured any such error but did not; defendants' convictions under 18 U.S.C. 924(c) that was predicated on their violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity convictions for kidnapping under Virginia law must be vacated, because Virginia law did not qualify categorically as a crime of violence under the force clause; and sufficient evidence supported defendants' remaining convictions. Accordingly, the court affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for resentencing.
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