MCG, Inc. v. MGSJ Holdings, Inc., No. 15-1547 (4th Cir. 2016)
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UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 15-1547 MCG, INC., Plaintiff - Appellant, v. MGSJ HOLDINGS, MENDIETA, INC.; MICHAEL MOORE; GARY WARD; STEVEN Defendants - Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore. George L. Russell, III, District Judge. (1:14-cv-03997-GLR) Submitted: February 29, 2016 Decided: May 19, 2016 Before KING, DIAZ, and FLOYD, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Eric S. Lipsetts, ERIC LIPSETTS, P.A., Annapolis, Maryland, for Appellant. Lars H. Liebeler, LARS LIEBELER, PC, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. PER CURIAM: MCG, Inc. (MCG) appeals the district court’s order granting judgment on the pleadings, or in the alternative, summary judgment, in favor of MGSJ Holdings, Inc. (Holdings), Michael Moore, Gary Ward, and Steven Mendieta (collectively, Defendants) in this civil contract. action arising out of an alleged breach of The district court held that MCG failed to fulfill a condition precedent as required under the terms of an Investment Agreement entered into by Mendieta, acting as the sole director of MCG, Holdings. and Ward and Moore and Ward, who signed as principals of The district court also held that Mendieta, Moore, later cancelled the Investment Agreement, ratified its cancellation, so there was no breach. and MCG We have thoroughly reviewed the record and find that the district court did not err in granting Defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings, Accordingly, or, we in affirm the the alternative, district summary court’s order judgment. for the reasons set forth below. I. This court reviews “de novo a district court’s ruling on a motion for judgment on the pleadings under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c).” (4th Cir. 2014). Drager v. PLIVA USA, Inc., 741 F.3d 470, 474 A motion for judgment on the pleadings “should only be granted if, after accepting all well-pleaded allegations 2 in the plaintiff’s complaint as true and drawing all reasonable factual inferences from those facts in the plaintiff’s favor, it appears certain that the plaintiff cannot prove any set of facts in support of his claim entitling him to relief.” Edwards v. City of Goldsboro, 178 F.3d 231, 244 (4th Cir. 1999). Similarly, this court reviews de novo the district court’s grant of summary judgment. Spriggs v. Diamond Auto Glass, 242 F.3d 179, 183 (4th Cir. 2001). only in those cases where Summary judgment is appropriate the pleadings, affidavits, and responses to discovery “show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). 56(c); see A material fact is one “that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” 248 (1986). Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, A disputed fact presents a genuine issue “if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Id. II. In this case, the district court pronounced its findings through a bench ruling during a hearing on Defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings, or, in the alternative, summary judgment. The district court found that Mendieta, as director of MCG, had “sole authority to contract, to bargain, [and] to 3 negotiate with Mendieta entered Moore, and individual MCG establishing into failed bank an entities.” As to accounts required in that contract. perform with sole director, Agreement Investment the with Ward a two condition specific and precedent signers – – as And “the failure of MCG to fulfill the terms of the agreement . . . prevented the formation of a contract. Because the ultimate basis for the contract was the disbursement of the loan funds.” concluded, regardless “the of the condition The district court therefore precedent circumstances of was its not fulfilled, fulfillment,” and Holdings, Ward, Moore, and Mendieta did not breach the contract. The district court also addressed an additional argument “that the ratification of the agreement compelled Holdings to perform under the contract.” Again, the district court concluded that a contract did not exist because MCG did not fulfill the condition precedent. The court alternatively concluded that the Investment Agreement was a contract that, once ratified, was impossible to perform because Mendieta had resigned from MCG. On appeal, MCG argues the district court erred for several reasons when it dismissed the complaint and granted Defendants’ motion. MCG further argues the trial court improperly dismissed its tort claims against Mendieta. 4 Defendants argue that the “principle reason MCG’s claims fail is that MCG did not meet the condition precedent set forth” in the Investment Agreement. In Maryland, * the interpretation of a contract is a question of law, and courts interpret contracts objectively. Nova Research, Inc. v. Penske Truck Leasing Co., 952 A.2d 275, 283 (Md. 2008). Contract interpretation therefore begins with the plain meaning of the contractual terms. Storetrax.com, Inc. v. Gurland, 895 A.2d 355, 367 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 2006), aff’d, 915 A.2d 991 (Md. 2007). for breach of Additionally, “[t]o prevail in an action contract, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant owed the plaintiff a contractual obligation and that the defendant breached that obligation.” Taylor v. NationsBank, N.A., 776 A.2d 645, 651 (Md. 2001). Here, the duty owed between MCG and Defendants, like most contract cases, rests on the terms of the contract. In this case, the duties owed are set forth in the Investment Agreement. Among other things, the provision that stated: two loans, MCG bank Investment Agreement included a “As a condition of Investor providing accounts [shall] bear Steve Mendieta and, as a backup, Jeff Wray.” * two signers only, The district court The parties do not dispute that Maryland law controls the Investment Agreement. 5 relied on this provision when it determined that MCG failed to fulfill a condition precedent. A condition precedent has been defined as a fact, other than mere lapse of time, which, unless excused, must exist or occur before arises. a duty of immediate performance of a promise Chirichella v. Erwin, 310 A.2d 555, 557 (Md. 1973). “Generally, when a condition precedent is unsatisfied, the corresponding contractual duty of the party whose performance was conditioned on it does not arise.” v. Monro Muffler/Brake, Inc., 891 Chesapeake Bank of Md. A.2d 384, 391-92 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 2006) (internal quotation and citation omitted); see also Laurel Race Course, Inc. v. Regal Const. Co., 333 A.2d 319, 327 (Md. 1975) (“It is fundamental that where a contractual duty is subject to a condition precedent, whether express or implied, there is no duty of performance and there can be no breach by nonperformance until the condition precedent is either performed or excused.”) (citations omitted). Because the Investment Agreement required MCG to establish the bank accounts “as a condition” of the loan, Holdings, Ward, and Moore were not obligated to make loans to MCG before such bank accounts were established. decided contract. to withdraw from Mendieta, Ward, and Moore then investing in MCG, or cancel the The district court, therefore, did not err when it 6 concluded that MCG failed to fulfill a condition precedent found in the Investment Agreement. The district court also did not err when it held that Mendieta, Ward, and Moore cancelled the Investment Agreement, and MCG could not revive the contract after Mendieta resigned from MCG and MCG appointed new directors. “At common law the parties to a written contract have the right to rescind it by mutual consent, even though there contract permitting them to do so.” 408, 424 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. is no provision in the Maslow v. Vanguri, 896 A.2d 2006) (internal quotation and citation omitted). “The parties to a contract may, either in writing release or orally, themselves from its obligations.” Id. (citations omitted); see also Lemlich v. Bd. of Trs. of Harford Cmty. (discussing how Coll., a 385 contract agreement of the parties). A.2d may 1185, be 1189-90 1978) through rescinded (Md. mutual “It has frequently been held that the mutual assent requisite to rescind a contract need not be express; it may be inferred from the conduct of the parties in the light of the surrounding circumstances.” Maslow, 896 A.2d at 425 (internal quotation and citation omitted). Here, the record shows Ward and Moore, along with Mendieta, acting as the sole director of rescind, the Investment Agreement. MCG, decided to abandon, or Mendieta notified the future officers of MCG in writing about their decision to walk away 7 from the deal, and Mendieta then resigned from MCG. MCG cannot compel Holdings to perform under the Investment Agreement after the parties agreed to cancel it. Additionally, the district court did dismissed the tort claims against Mendieta. not err when it Although MCG relies on Shapiro v. Greenfield, 764 A.2d 270, 278 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 2000), to assert that the district court applied the wrong standard, that case analyzes the corporate opportunity doctrine. In contrast, this is a breach of contract case that turns on the fulfillment of a condition precedent, and the cancellation or rescission of the Investment Agreement. a corporate opportunity when he Agreement and resigned from MCG. Mendieta did not usurp simply ended the Investment As a result, the district court did not need to decide whether Mendieta’s departure was fair and reasonable to the corporation. MCG’s authority Articles as the of sole Incorporation director. As vested sole Mendieta director, could negotiate and contract on MCG’s behalf. with Mendieta Mendieta could also end business dealings on MCG’s behalf, as happened here. See Dialist Co. v. Pulford, 399 A.2d 1374, 1378 n.3 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1979) (explaining the nature of a rescission). result, the district court did not err when it As a granted Defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings, or, in the alternative, summary judgment. 8 Accordingly, the order of the district court is affirmed. We dispense contentions with are oral argument adequately because presented in the facts and the materials legal before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process. AFFIRMED 9
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