Steven Goodman v. William Muse, No. 13-6723 (4th Cir. 2013)
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UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 13-6723 STEVEN W. GOODMAN, Plaintiff Appellant, v. WILLIAM W. MUSE; RITA J. ANGELONE; FREDERICK M. QUAYLE; KAREN D. BROWN, MINOR F. STONE; Defendants - Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, at Roanoke. Samuel G. Wilson, District Judge. (7:12-cv-000568-SGW-RSB) Submitted: September 19, 2013 Decided: September 30, 2013 Before AGEE, DIAZ, and THACKER, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Steven Wayne Goodman, Appellant Pro Se. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. PER CURIAM: Steven Wayne Goodman appeals the district court s order dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 complaint as frivolous under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. He also appeals from the denial of his motion for reconsideration. We affirm. As he did in his motion for reconsideration, Goodman avers on appeal that the district court misconstrued one of his claims. Specifically, Goodman alleges that the Virginia parole statute limits parole consideration to post-commitment, prisonrelated factors and that the Board s policy guidelines which permit consideration constitutional rights. of other factors violated his While the district court did not address this claim as now framed by Goodman, we conclude that the claim is nonetheless frivolous because it rests on a faulty construction of the Virginia statute. Va. Code Ann. § 53.1-155A (2013) reads as follows: No person shall be released on parole by the Board until a thorough investigation has been made into the prisoner s history, physical and mental condition and character and his conduct, employment and attitude while in prison. The Board shall also determine that his release on parole will not be incompatible with the interests of society or of the prisoner. Goodman applies to the avers that entire first the phrase sentence, while thus in only prison permitting consideration of the prisoner s conduct and experience in prison when determining whether parole is appropriate. 2 However, the phrase while in prison clearly applies only to his conduct, employment and attitude, and the statute thus also requires consideration condition, of and the prisoner s character, incarceration. both history, while in physical prison and and mental prior to Moreover, even if Goodman correctly reads the first sentence of the statute, he ignores the second sentence which requires consideration of pre-commitment and non-prisonrelated factors in determining whether release appropriate for both society and the prisoner. on parole is See Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Neb. Penal & Corr. Complex, 442 U.S. 1, 15 (1979) (noting that [t]he parole determination . . . must include consideration of what the entire record shows up to the time of the sentence, including the gravity of the offense in the particular case ); Vann v. Angelone, 73 F.3d 519, 521-22 (4th Cir. 1996) (noting that [m]ost parole decisions involve a considerable degree of discretion . . . parole authorities must investigate and weigh numerous factors including [the inmate's] history, mental and physical condition, attitude, and compatibility with the interests of society ). We conclude that Goodman s reading of the statute is untenable, and the Board s policy 3 guidelines are entirely consistent with the statute. * Accordingly, we affirm. Goodman's motion to expedite. We deny We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process. AFFIRMED * The Board s Policy Manual outlines fourteen factors to guide its discretion in parole decisions. The nature of the offense of incarceration is one such factor, along with considerations of rehabilitation and the risk posed by the prisoner to himself and to society upon his release. Burnette v. Fahey, 687 F.3d 171, 176 (4th Cir. 2012). 4
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