Richard L. Ravencraft, Plaintiff-appellant,v.unum Life Insurance Company of America, Defendant-appellee, 212 F.3d 341 (6th Cir. 2000)

Richard L. Ravencraft filed suit in Kentucky state court for disability benefits under an employer-sponsored plan through defendant, UNUM Life Insurance Company of America ("UNUM"). Asserting that the plan was governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA"), 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq., UNUM removed the case to federal court based upon federal question jurisdiction. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of UNUM because Ravencraft failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. Ravencraft now appeals from the district court's grant of summary judgment and its dismissal with prejudice of his asserted cause of action.

Ravencraft, a pharmacist, filed his claim for long-term disability benefits in September of 1996 because of a knee replacement and a serious potential for the same operation on the other knee¹ . His employer, insured through UNUM, denied his claim in February of 1997, over ninety days after the date that he filed his claim. The denial of benefits included the following material language:

We have completed our review of your . . . disability claim and have made a final determination regarding . . . benefitdisability. Our review has concluded that we are unable to approve benefits.

If you have new, additional information to support your request for disability benefits, for instance proof of disability during the interim between June 4, 1996 and November 19, 1996, please send it to my attention at the above address.

If you do not agree with our decision, you may have it reviewed. Should you desire a review, you must send a written request, within 60 days of your receipt of this notice, to:

UNUM

LTD Quality Review Section

2211 Congress Street

Portland, ME 04122-0360

. . . You may also request copies of pertinent documents contained in your file. If UNUM does not receive the written request within 60 days of your receipt of this notice, our claims decision will be final.

Rather than submit any new evidence to support his claim, or seek documentation for the result, or appeal within the time specified, Ravencraft filed suit.² 

We have held in Miller v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 925 F.2d 979, 986 (6th Cir. 1991), that " [t]he administrative scheme of ERISA requires a participant to exhaust his or her administrative remedies prior to commencing suit." This is the law in most circuits despite the fact that ERISA does not explicitly command exhaustion. We reiterated that exhaustion requirement in Baxter v. C.A. Muer Corp., 941 F.2d 451, 453-54 (6th Cir. 1991), citing with approval Makar v. Health Care Corp. of Mid-Atlantic, 872 F.2d 80, 83 (4th Cir. 1989).

While recognizing this clear Sixth Circuit authority, Ravencraft maintains that under the circumstances of this case he was not required first to exhaust his administrative remedies before filing suit because his pursuit of such remedies would have been futile. See Springer v. Wal-Mart Assocs.' Group Health Plan, 908 F.2d 897, 899 (11th Cir. 1990). Because we review a grant of summary judgment de novo, Costantino v. TRW, Inc., 13 F.3d 969, 974 (6th Cir. 1994), we look to the authorities, above cited, as well as the pertinent, virtually uncontested, factual circumstances to resolve this controversy.

We reject Ravencraft's assertion that the administrative process would have been futile based simply on the fact that the employer filed its denial of benefits beyond the ninety-day requirement set out in ERISA.³  UNUM's actions do not bespeak that it ignored the claim, nor did UNUM fail to give Ravencraft's claim due consideration. That the "plan administrator . . . and trustees who review appeals share common interests or affiliations" is also insufficient to show futility. See Amato v. Bernard, 618 F.2d 559, 569 (9th Cir. 1980).⁴  The policy required "a full and fair review of the claim," if a claimant sought a review or submitted additional documents to that end. As stated in Makar, review or exhaustion "enables plan fiduciaries to efficiently manage their funds; correct their errors; interpret plan provisions; and assemble a factual record which will assist a court in reviewing the fiduciaries' actions." Makar, 872 F.2d at 83 (emphasis added.).

In this case, Ravencraft has failed to show that the review procedures are insufficient or unfair, or that an available remedy is inadequate. Ravencraft has thus, as a matter of law, failed to meet his burden to show futility so as to excuse the usual exhaustion requirement. Weiner v. Klais and Co., 108 F.3d 86, 90 (6th Cir. 1997); Makar, 872 F.2d at 83. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the grant of summary judgment in favor of UNUM.

In a Rule 59(e) motion, Ravencraft requested that the court amend its order of summary judgment to direct that the action be dismissed without prejudice. He urged the district court to adopt the conclusion in Makar, wherein the appellate court dismissed the case without prejudice and remanded to the district court "to allow [the claimants] the opportunity to pursue their [administrative] remedies." Makar, 872 F.2d at 83. See Baxter, 941 F.2d at 454 n.1. Thus, under those circumstances, this court held that the dismissal with prejudice was proper. Id.

Ravencraft claims that this case is factually similar to Makar and not Baxter because the district court dismissed his case solely based on his failure to exhaust his administrative remedies. Consequently, he argues, the district court should have dismissed the case without prejudice to pursue those remedies.

Baxter is distinguishable from the circumstances in this case because the plaintiff in Baxter lost on both the merits and on the basis of procedural deficiency. Baxter cited Makar with approval, and the latter involved only procedural failure on the part of the plaintiff. Makar is therefore akin to the facts in this case.

Under these circumstances, we believe the district court should have exercised its discretion to dismiss without prejudice. Accordingly, we VACATE and REMAND this case to the district court to dismiss the asserted cause of action without prejudice.