People v. Fitzgerald (1979)

THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. HWA SON FITZGERALD, Defendant and Appellant.

(Opinion by Levitt, J., with Buttermore, P. J., concurring. Separate dissenting opinion by Lindsley, J.)

COUNSEL

Stickney, Ortlieb, Moats & Bryne and William S. Cannon for Defendant and Appellant.

John W. Witt, City Attorney and Anthony J. Shanley, Deputy City Attorney, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

OPINION

LEVITT, J.

Appellant was convicted of a violation of Penal Code section 647, subdivision (b) (soliciting or engaging in an act of prostitution). Appellant contends that the case ofPryor v. Municipal Court (1979) 25 Cal. 3d 238 [158 Cal. Rptr. 330, 599 P.2d 636], and the Supreme Court's interpretation of lewd or dissolute therein must apply.

[1] We hold to the contrary. InPryor, supra, the Supreme Court construed Penal Code section 647, subdivision (a) only. In doing so, it construed that section to prohibit only the solicitation or commission of conduct in a public place or one open the public or exposed to public view, which involves the touching of the genils, buttocks or female breast, for purposes of sexual arousal, gratification, annoyance or offense, by a person who knows or should know of the presence of peons who may be offended by the conduct. It specifically held: "... [W]e adopt a limited and specific construction consistent with the present function of section 647, subdivision (a), in the California penal statutes; we construe that section to prohibit only the solicitation or commission of conduct in a publiplace or one open to the public or exposed to [106 Cal. App. 3d Supp. 3] public view ... by a person who knows or should know of the presence of persons who may be offended by the conduct ...." (Id, at p. 244.) Penal Code section 647, subdivision (b) disallows solicitation or engaging in an act of prostitution, which includes any lewd act between persons for money or other consideration. It therefore is not limited by reference to public place or view. In Pryor the court was concerne about Penal Code section 647, subdivision (a) involving speech and a chilling the exercise of the protected First Amendment rights. The court specifically limited solicitation to be that of criminal sexual conduct, and more specifically held that the section prohibited only solicitation which propose the commission of conduct itself banned by section 647, subdivision (a), i.e., lewd or dissolute conduct which occurs in a public place, etc. By thus limiting the statute, the court avoided two substantial constitutional problems, only the first of which applies to section 647, subdivision (b): the probably impossible task of dening with constitutional specificity which forms of private lawful conduct are lewd or dissolute conduct; and the First Amendment issues. By holding that the terms lewd and dissolute refer to sexually motivated conduct, the first constitional problem was avoided. However, unlike section 647, subdivision (a), which serves the purpose of protecting onlookers who might be offended by the prescribed conduct, section 647, subdivision (b) only precludes solicitation of, or engaging in, a sexually motivated act (touching of the genitals, buttocks, or female breast for the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification for money or other consideration), and does not require knowledge of the presence of persons who may be offended thereby or that a public place or view be involved.

The judgment conviction is affirmed.

Buttermore, P. J., concurred.

LINDSLEY, J.

I disagree wh the majority. WhilePryor v. Municipal Court (1979) 25 Cal. 3d 238 [158 Cal. Rptr. 30, 599 P.2d 636], expressly applied to Penal Code section 647, subdivision (a) only because that was the section there involved, I think appellant is correct in arguing that Pryor also applies to Penal Code section 647, subdivision (b) as it was involved in this case. While there is a code subdivision distition between the two cases, I believe it is a distinction without difference when we give heed to the philosophical substance of Pryor and its follow-upIn re Anrs (1979) 25 Cal. 3d 414 [158 Cal. Rptr. 661, 599 P.2d 1364]. The opinioin Anders, also written by Justice Tobriner, states: "We construed the statute 'to prohibit only the [106 Cal. App. 3d Supp. 4] solicitation or commission of conduct a public place or one open to the public or exposed to public view, which involves the touching of the genitals, buttocks, or female breast, for purposes of sexual arousal, gratification, annoyance or offense, by a person who knows or should know of the presence of persons who may be offended by the conduct.'" (Id, at p. 41 Italics added.)

I believe this same construction for the same reasons must attach to section 647, subdivision (b) or its meaning is lost.

Pryor and now Anders have pointed the law and its administration toward a new, more rational and reasonable result in this most widely confused and applied area of the law at the point of enforcement. The majority would erode the banks of the seam before the law has had a chance to flow within its new bounds.

The conviction should be reversed.