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355.4A-202 Authorized and verified payment orders.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
A payment order received by the receiving bank is the authorized order of the
person identified as sender if that person authorized the order or is otherwise bound
by it under the law of agency.
If a bank and its customer have agreed that the authenticity of payment orders
issued to the bank in the name of the customer as sender will be verified pursuant to
a security procedure, a payment order received by the receiving bank is effective as
the order of the customer, whether or not authorized, if:
(a) The security procedure is a commercially reasonable method of providing
security against unauthorized payment orders; and
(b) The bank proves that it accepted the payment order in good faith and in
compliance with the security procedure and any written agreement or
instruction of the customer restricting acceptance of payment orders issued in
the name the customer.
The bank is not required to follow an instruction that violates a written agreement
with the customer or notice of which is not received at a time and in a manner
affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the payment order is
accepted.
Commercial reasonableness of a security procedure is a question of law to be
determined by considering the wishes of the customer expressed to the bank, the
circumstances of the customer known to the bank, including the size, type, and
frequency of payment orders normally issued by the customer to the bank,
alternative security procedures offered to the customer, and security procedures in
general use by customers and receiving banks similarly situated. A security
procedure is deemed to be commercially reasonable if:
(a) The security procedure was chosen by the customer after the bank offered, and
the customer refused, a security procedure that was commercially reasonable
for that customer; and
(b) The customer expressly agreed in writing to be bound by any payment order,
whether or not authorized, issued in its name and accepted by the bank in
compliance with the security procedure chosen by the customer.
The term "sender" in this article includes the customer in whose name a payment
order is issued if the order is the authorized order of the customer under subsection
(1), or it is effective as the order of the customer under subsection (2).
This section applies to amendments and cancellations of payment orders to the same
extent it applies to payment orders.
Except as provided in this section and in KRS 355.4A-203(1)(a), rights and
obligations arising under this section or KRS 355.4A-203 may not be varied by
agreement.
Effective: July 14, 1992
History: Created 1992 Ky. Acts ch. 116, sec. 33, effective July 14, 1992.
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