State of West Virginia v. Fox

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA
September 1998 Term

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No. 25171
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STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA,
Appellee

v.

JAMES A. FOX,
Appellant

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Appeal from the Circuit Court of Harrison County
Honorable John L. Marks, Jr., Judge
Civil Action No. 96-F-127-1

AFFIRMED
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Submitted: October 7, 1998
Filed: November 23, 1998

Darrell V. McGraw, Jr., Esq.                Drema D. Sinkkanen, Esq.
Attorney General                                   Public Defender Corporation
Rory L. Perry, Esq.                               Clarksburg, West Virginia
Assistant Attorney General                    Attorney for the Appellant
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Appellee

The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
CHIEF JUSTICE DAVIS dissents.
JUSTICE STARCHER dissents.

SYLLABUS

        "The action of a trial court in admitting or excluding evidence in the exercise of its discretion will not be disturbed by the appellate court unless it appears that such action amounts to an abuse of discretion." Syllabus Point 6, State v. Kopa, 173 W.Va. 43, 311 S.E.2d 412 (1983).

Per Curiam:

        This case is before this Court upon appeal of a final order of the Circuit Court of Harrison County entered on October   9, 1997. The appellant, James A. Fox, was convicted by a jury of third offense driving under the influence [hereinafter "DUI"]. In this appeal, the appellant contends that the circuit court erred by refusing to bifurcate the issue of guilt on this offense from the issue of whether he had previously been convicted of DUI. Essentially, the appellant argues that prior DUI convictions are not elements of third offense DUI and should only be considered for sentencing enhancement purposes.
    
        This Court has before it the petition for appeal, all matters of record, and the briefs and argument of counsel. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the appellant's conviction.

I.

        On July 27, 1996, the appellant was arrested and charged with DUI after he was observed by two police officers driving the wrong way down a one-way street in Clarksburg, West Virginia. According to the police officers, the appellant failed a series of field sobriety tests and refused to submit to a secondary chemical test at the police station. A background check of the appellant revealed two prior DUI convictions.

        Subsequently, the appellant was indicted on one count of third offense DUI. Prior to trial, the appellant moved to bifurcate the issue of his guilt on this offense from the issue of whether he had previously been convicted of DUI. The motion was denied, but the circuit court did permit a written stipulation concerning the two prior convictions to be read to the jury in lieu of testimonial evidence sought to be admitted by the State. Following a one day jury trial on April 14, 1997, the appellant was convicted of third offense DUI.

II.

        We have previously held that where the issue on appeal from the circuit court is clearly a question of law or involving an interpretation of a statute, we apply a de novo standard of review. Chrystal R.M. v. Charlie A.L., 194 W.Va. 138, 140, 459 S.E.2d 415, 417 (1995). However, "[r]ulings on the admissibility of evidence are largely within a trial court's sound discretion[.]" State v. Louk, 171 W.Va. 639, 643, 301 S.E.2d 596, 599 (1983). Accordingly, "[t]he action of a trial court in admitting or excluding evidence in the exercise of its discretion will not be disturbed by the appellate court unless it appears that such action amounts to an abuse of discretion." Syllabus Point 6, State v. Kopa, 173 W.Va. 43, 311 S.E.2d 412 (1983). See also Syllabus Point 2, State v. Perolis, 183 W.Va. 686, 398 S.E.2d 512 (1990); Syllabus Point 4, State v. Brown, 177 W.Va. 633, 355 S.E.2d 614 (1987).

        In this case, the appellant argues that evidence of his prior DUI convictions should have only been utilized during sentencing and should not have been admitted at trial. In other words, the appellant asserts that the finding of a prior conviction or lack thereof, is not an element of third offense DUI. He contends that W.Va. Code § 17C-5-
2(k) (1996)See footnote 1 1 simply provides the trial judge with standards to use when determining which sentence to impose upon the defendant.

        Once again, we are asked to overrule our decision in State v. Hopkins, 192 W.Va. 483, 453 S.E.2d 317 (1994), regarding the admissibility of prior convictions that are elements of the offense charged. Recently, we reaffirmed our holding in Hopkins and again stated that "'[b]ecause evidence of the prior convictions . . . is a necessary element of the crime charged, the evidence is admissible for jury purposes.' [Hopkins, 192 W.Va. at 489], 453 S.E.2d at 323." State v. Morris, No. 24714, W.Va. , S.E.2d , slip op. at 6 (October 2, 1998),

        In Hopkins, the appellant, who had been convicted of the third offense shoplifting, argued that the circuit court improperly failed to sever evidence of his previous shoplifting convictions. Like third offense DUI, third offense shoplifting is predicated upon two prior convictions of the same offense. See W.Va. Code § 61-3A-3 (1994). In affirming Mr. Hopkins' conviction, we explained that "'[o]bviously, where a prior conviction is a necessary element of the current offense charged or is utilized to enhance the penalty after a jury finding that the defendant had committed such prior offense, it is admissible for jury purposes[.]'" Hopkins, 192 W.Va. at 489, 453 S.E.2d at 323 (1994) (quoting State v. Cozart, 177 W.Va. 400, 402 n.1, 352 S.E.2d 152, 153 n.1 (1986) (regarding whether the State improperly admitted evidence of a defendant's two prior DUI convictions)).

        Clearly, Hopkins requires the State to prove the appellant's prior DUI convictions as an element of third offense DUI. The State's agreement to stipulate to the prior convictions does not take that evidence out of the purview of the jury. Regardless of whether evidence of prior convictions is presented by stipulation or during trial, the jury must be allowed to consider the evidence to determine whether the accused is guilty of third offense DUI.See footnote 2 2 Therefore, the circuit court did not err by denying the appellant's motion to bifurcate.

        For the reasons set forth above, the final order of the Circuit Court of Harrison County entered on October 9, 1997, is affirmed.
                                            Affirmed.
    

Footnote: 1          1 W.Va. Code § 17C-5-2(k), the third offense DUI provision, states:

        A person violating any provision of subsection (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), or (i) of this section shall, for the third or any subsequent offense under this section, be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary for not less that one nor more than three years, and the court may, in its discretion, impose a fine of not less than three thousand dollars nor more than five thousand dollars.

Footnote: 2          2 The appellant's reliance upon Old Chief v. United States, 519 U.S. 172, 117 S. Ct. 644, 136 L. Ed. 2d 574 (1997), is misplaced for the same reasons we articulated in Morris. It is necessary to prove the name and nature of the prior offense as an element of third offense DUI. See Morris, No. 24714, W.Va. , S.E.2d , slip op. at 7 n.7.