Ohio Valley Medical v. Gatson, et al.
Annotate this CaseJanuary 1998 Term
___________
No. 24975
___________
OHIO VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER, INC.
Plaintiff Below, Appellant
v.
CATHY S. GATSON, CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF
KANAWHA COUNTY; THE BOARD OF REVIEW OF THE
WEST VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SECURITY;
PHYLLIS H. CARTER, CHAIRMAN; HAROLD E. STARR
AND SUSAN W. HASTINGS, MEMBERS; AND MARY K. BLEIFUS
Defendants Below, Appellees
___________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kanawha County
Honorable A. Andrew MacQueen, Judge
Civil Action No. 96-222
AFFIRMED
___________________________________________________
Submitted: June 3, 1998
Filed: July 6, 1998
Jacqueline A. Koscelnik
DeForest & Koscelnik
Attorney for the Appellant
Randall
Elkins Mary
K. Bleifus
Department of Employment Security
Wheeling, West
Virginia
Charleston, West
Virginia Pro
Se, Appellee
Attorney for Board of Review, Appellee
The Opinion of the Court was delivered Per Curiam.
Justice McCuskey dissents and reserves the right to file a dissenting opinion, in which Justice Maynard concurs.
SYLLABUS
"'The findings of fact of the Board
of Review of the West Virginia Department of Employment Security are entitled to
substantial deference unless a reviewing court believes the findings are clearly wrong. If
the question on review is one purely of law, no deference is given and the standard of
judicial review by the court is de novo'. Syl. Pt. 3, Adkins v. Gatson, 192
W.Va. 561, 453 S.E.2d 395 (1994)." Syllabus Point 1, Raleigh County Board of
Education v. Gatson, 196 W.Va. 137, 468 S.E.2d 923 (1996).
Per CuriamSee footnote 1 1
In this appeal the Ohio Valley Medical Center
claims that the Circuit Court of Kanawha County erred in reversing a decision of the Board
of Review of the West Virginia Department of Employment Security and in ruling that one of
its former employees, Mary K. Bleifus, was entitled to unemployment compensation benefits.
The Ohio Valley Medical Center had previously fired Ms. Bleifus for gross misconduct, and
the Board of Review of the West Virginia Department of Employment Security had determined
that the circumstances were such that Ms. Bleifus was disqualified from receiving
unemployment compensation benefits.
I.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The Ohio Valley Medical Center employed Mary K. Bleifus as a
registered nurse, and from 1990 until early 1995, she apparently performed her duties in a
satisfactory manner. In early 1995, however, the Ohio Valley Medical Center learned that
she had made five medication errors within a short period of time. These errors included
failing to give medication to a heart patient, and giving another patient medication which
he should not have received. As a result of these errors, the Ohio Valley Medical Center
counseled Ms. Bleifus and suspended her. After her return to work, she was placed on
probation and counseled again. She was also warned, in writing, that similar errors in the
future would result in her termination.
For a number of months during 1995 after her
return to work, Ms. Bleifus performed her job with no known errors. Then, between December
1995, and January 1996, Ms. Bleifus committed a number of other medication errors. These
included failing to administer an intravenous antibiotic to a postoperative patient and
improperly completing order sheets which could have resulted in patients receiving
improper medication dosages. After an investigation of these incidents, the Ohio Valley
Medical Center terminated Ms. Bleifus' employment.
After termination of her employment, Ms. Bleifus
applied for unemployment compensation benefits. The deputy who examined the claim
concluded that Ms. Bleifus had been terminated for gross misconduct and ruled that she was
disqualified from receiving compensation benefits under the provisions of W.Va. Code §
21A-6-3.See footnote 2 2 Ms. Bleifus
appealed the ruling, and the administrative law judge reversed the deputy's ruling
disqualifying Ms. Bleifus from receiving unemployment compensation benefits and held that
she was entitled to benefits. The Board of Review subsequently reversed the decision of
the administrative law judge's ruling and held that Ms. Bleifus was disqualified. Ms.
Bleifus appealed this ruling to the Circuit Court of Kanawha County, and the circuit
court, in an order entered October 7, 1997, reversed the decision of the Board of Review
and held that Ms. Bleifus was entitled to unemployment compensation benefits. The circuit
judge concluded that, even though Ms. Bleifus had been negligent, her negligence did not
rise to the level of disqualifying misconduct and did not disqualify her from receiving
unemployment compensation benefits.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
In Syllabus Point 1 of Raleigh County Board of Education v.
Gatson, 196 W.Va. 137, 468 S.E.2d 923 (1996), this Court stated the standard of review
to be followed by a trial court in examining a decision of the Board of Review of the West
Virginia Department of Employment Security. The Court said:
"The findings of fact of the Board of Review of the West Virginia Department of
Employment Security are entitled to substantial deference unless a reviewing court
believes the findings are clearly wrong. If the question on review is one purely of law,
no deference is given and the standard of judicial review by the court is de novo."
Syl. Pt. 3, Adkins v. Gatson, 192 W.Va. 561, 453 S.E.2d 395 (1994).
See also Syllabus, Belt v. Rutledge, 175 W.Va. 28, 330 S.E.2d 837 (1985); Syllabus, Oyler v. Cole, 171 W.Va. 402, 299 S.E.2d 13 (1982); Syllabus Point 1, Kisamore v. Rutledge, 166 W.Va. 675, 276 S.E.2d 821 (1981). The Court also pointed out in the single syllabus of Mercer County Board of Education v. Gatson, 186 W.Va. 251, 412 S.E.2d 249 (1991), that "'[u]nemployment compensation statutes, being remedial in nature, should be liberally construed to achieve the benign purposes intended to the full extent thereof.' Syllabus Point 6, Davis v. Hix, 140 W.Va. 398, 84 S.E.2d 404 (1954)." In line with this, our decisions have held constantly that "unemployment compensation statutes should be liberally construed in favor of the claimant[.]" Davenport v. Gatson, 192 W.Va. 117, 119, 451 S.E.2d 57, 59 (1994). See also Courtney v. Rutledge, 177 W.Va. 232, 351 S.E.2d 419 (1986); London v. Board of Review of Department of Employment Security, 161 W.Va. 575, 244 S.E.2d 331 (1978). However, "[t]his 'liberality' rule is not to be utilized when its application would require us to ignore the plain language of the statute." Adkins v. Gatson, 192 W.Va., 561, 565, 453 S.E.2d 395, 399. (Citation omitted.)
This Court has also recognized that West Virginia's statutory
eligibility and disqualification provisions concerning the receipt of unemployment
compensation benefits establish a two-step process. Hill v. Board of Review, 166
W.Va. 648, 276 S.E.2d 805 (1981). The first step involves determining whether an
individual is eligible to receive such benefits, and the second step is to consider
whether the individual is disqualified. Lough v. Cole, 172 W.Va. 730, 310 S.E.2d 491 (1982).
In the instant case Ms. Bleifus has been
determined to be eligible to receive unemployment compensation benefits at every level of
the proceedings, and the Department of Employment Security does not contest that
determination. The second step of the process is determining whether Ms. Bleifus was
disqualified from receiving benefits because she was discharged for "gross
misconduct."
III
DISCUSSION
Although it appears that the circuit court in the present case
improperly stated the standard of review to be employed in a case such as this,See footnote 3 3 it did not alter the
actual findings of fact of the Board of Review relating to the nature of Mary K. Bleifus'
conduct, but addressed the question of whether those findings supported the legal
conclusion that Mary K. Bleifus had engaged in misconduct sufficient to disqualify her
from receiving unemployment compensation benefits. In effect, the circuit court addressed
a legal question. Where such a legal question is involved, Syllabus Point 1 of Raleigh
County Board of Education v. Gatson, id., indicates that deference is not due
to the Board of Review, but that the question should be reviewed de novo.
Our law indicates simple negligence does not result in disqualification; on the other hand, negligence of an extreme degree which is so recurrent as to show a substantial disregard for the employee's duties to his employer can result in disqualification. Kirk v. Cole, 169 W.Va. 520, 288 S.E.2d 547 (1982). In cases of doubt, the law favors the construction which does not work a disqualification. Peery v. Rutledge, 177 W.Va. 548, 355
S.E.2d 41 (1987).
In the present case it appears that the circuit
court did carefully examine the conduct of Mary K. Bleifus and did conclude that it was
negligent but that it was not so negligent as to constitute "gross misconduct"
which would disqualify her from receiving unemployment compensation benefits. The facts do
create some doubt, but it appears that the circuit court favored the construction which
did not work a disqualification. This is precisely what the court was required to do by Peery
v. Rutledge, id.
In view of the foregoing, the Court believes
that the circuit court properly decided this case and that the circuit court's judgment
should be affirmed.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1 1 We point out that a per curiam opinion is not legal precedent. See Lieving v. Hadley, 188 W. Va. 197, 201 n.4, 423 S.E.2d 600, 604 n.4 (1992).
Footnote: 2 2 W.Va. Code §
21A-6-3 provides, in relevant part:
Upon the determination of the facts by the commissioner, an individual
shall be disqualified for benefits:
* * *
(2) For the week in which he was discharged from his most recent work for misconduct and the six weeks immediately following such week . . . .
Footnote: 3 3 The circuit
court stated:
As between the ALJ, the Board of Review and this Court, the ALJ is in
the best position to make judgments respecting the weight to be give[n] to the evidence
presented at the administrative hearing. It is he who is best able to judge the demeanor
of the witnesses and to determine the weight to be given their testimony. The ALJ's
determination that the petitioner did not engage in conduct which constituted a wanton or
willful disregard of the employer's interest or carelessness or negligence of such a
degree or recurrence as to manifest culpability, wrongful intent or evil design, is
entitled to deference.
Under the law, however, the circuit court is required to give deference to the findings of fact of the Board of Review. Raleigh County Board of Education v. Gatson, 196 W.Va. 137, 468 S.E.2d 923 (1996).
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.