Wood Co. BOE v. Smith, et al.
Annotate this Case IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF
WEST VIRGINIA
January 1998 Term
_____________
No. 24676
_____________
WOOD COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION,
Appellee,
v.
PEGGY L. SMITH, ET AL.,
AND BRIAN SHOCKEY,
Appellants.
____________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Wood County
Honorable George Hill, Jr., Judge
Civil Action No. 96-P-176
AFFIRMED
____________________________________________________________________
Submitted: April 29, 1998
Filed: May 8, 1998
John Everett
Roush Dean
A. Furner
W.Va. School Service Personnel
Association Spilman
Thomas & Battle
Charleston, West
Virginia Parkersburg,
West Virginia
Attorney for
Appellants Attorney
for Appellee
The Opinion was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. "A
final order of the hearing examiner for the West Virginia
Educational Employees Grievance Board, made pursuant to W.Va.
Code § 18-29-1, et. seq. [1985], and based upon findings of
fact, should not be reversed unless clearly wrong." Syl. pt.
1, Randolph County Board of Education v. Scalia, 182 W.Va.
289, 387 S.E.2d 524 (1989).
2. "If
a board of education decides to reduce the number of jobs for
service personnel, the board must follow the reduction in force
procedures of W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8b [1996]." Syl., Berry
v. Kanawha County Bd. of Educ., 191 W.Va. 422, 446 S.E.2d 510
(1994).
3. "Interpretations
of statutes by bodies charged with their administration are given
great weight unless clearly erroneous." Syl. pt. 4, Security
National Bank & Trust Company v. First W. Va. Bancorp, Inc.,
166 W.Va. 775, 277 S.E.2d 613 (1981).
Per Curiam:See
footnote 1 1
This
appeal was brought by Peggy L. Smith, et al., appellants and
grievants below (hereinafter "grievants"),See footnote 2 2 from
an order of the Circuit Court of Wood County. The circuit court
reversed a decision of an administrative law judge for the
Education and State Employees Grievance Board (hereinafter
"ALJ"). The ALJ ruled that the Wood County Board of
Education, appellee and respondent below (hereinafter the
"Board"), could not award the grievants'
extracurricular school bus driving routes to employees with
greater seniority. The Board appealed the decision to the circuit
court. The circuit court reversed the ALJ. In this appeal, the
grievants allege that the circuit court committed error (1) in
finding that a reduction-in-force occurred when the Board
eliminated certain extracurricular school bus driving positions,
(2) in finding that extracurricular school bus drivers whose
positions were eliminated could use their seniority to obtain the
extracurricular school bus driving positions that were not
eliminated, and (3) in failing to review the entire record in the
case.
I.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Beginning in the
school year 1996-97, the Board was required to provide full- day
kindergarten programs instead of half-day programs. This change
necessitated eliminating 19 extracurricular school bus driver
positionsSee footnote 3 3which
serviced the half-day kindergarten programs.See footnote 4 4 In reliance upon a
memorandum opinion by the State Superintendent of Schools, dated
August 26, 1996,See footnote
5 5 the Board permitted those employees whose
extracurricular positions were eliminated to replace those less
senior employees who had extracurricular positions which were not
eliminated.
The
less senior employees who are grievantsSee footnote 6 6 in this case filed
a grievance over the loss of their extracurricular bus driver
positions. On October 31, 1996, the ALJ rendered a decision
prohibiting the Board from eliminating the grievants'
extracurricular positions. The ALJ concluded that W.Va. Code §
18A-4-8(b) did not apply to the extracurricular bus driver
positions. The Board appealed the ALJ's decision to the circuit
court. The circuit court reversed the decision of the ALJ. This
appeal resulted.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court has
held that "[a] final order of the hearing examiner for the
West Virginia Educational Employees Grievance Board, made
pursuant to W.Va. Code § 18-29-1, et. seq. [1985], and based
upon findings of fact, should not be reversed unless clearly
wrong." Syl. pt. 1, Randolph County Board of Education v.
Scalia, 182 W.Va. 289, 387 S.E.2d 524 (1989). W.Va. Code §
18-29-7 (1994) provides that an ALJ's decision may be set aside
if it: (1) was contrary to law or lawfully adopted rule,
regulation or written policy of the chief administrator or
governing board, (2) exceeded the hearing examiner's statutory
authority, (3) was the result of fraud or deceit, (4) was clearly
wrong in view of the reliable, probative and substantial evidence
on the whole record, or (5) was arbitrary or capricious or
characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted
exercise of discretion. See Board of Education of the
County of Mercer v. Wirt, 192 W.Va. 568, 453 S.E.2d 402
(1994). We elaborated on the standard of review in Martin v.
Randolph County Bd. of Educ., 195 W.Va. 297, 304, 465 S.E.2d 399, 406 (1995), where we said:
The
scope of review under the arbitrary and capricious standard is
narrow, and a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of
the hearing examiner.... Similarly, in reviewing an ALJ's
decision that was affirmed by the circuit court, this Court
accords deference to the findings of fact made below. This Court
reviews decisions of the circuit [court] under the same standard
as that by which the circuit [court] reviews the decision of the
ALJ. We must uphold any of the ALJ's factual findings that are
supported by substantial evidence, and we owe substantial
deference to inferences drawn from these facts. Further, the
ALJ's credibility determinations are binding unless patently
without basis in the record. Nonetheless, this Court must
determine whether the ALJ's findings were reasoned, i.e., whether
he or she considered the relevant factors and explained the facts
and policy concerns on which he or she relied, and whether those
facts have some basis in the record. We review de novo the
conclusions of law and application of law to the facts.
(Citations omitted.)
See Keatley v. Mercer County Bd. of Educ., 200
W.Va. 487, 490 S.E.2d 306 (1997).
III.
DISCUSSION
A.
Elimination of Extracurricular School Bus Driving Positions
Constitutes a Reduction in Force
Grievants argue that the elimination of the half-day kindergarten bus route positions did not constitute a reduction-in-force within the meaning of W.Va. Code § 18A- 4-8b (1996). W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8(b) provides in pertinent part: "If a county board is required to reduce the number of employees within a particular job classification, the employee with the least amount of seniority within that classification or grades of classification shall be properly released and employed in a different grade of that classification if there is a job vacancy." The grievants contend that there was no reduction in the number of bus operators, but merely a reduction in extracurricular positions. The ALJ agreed with the grievants. The ALJ found that the language of W.Va. Code § 18A-4- 8(b) has no application to the elimination of half-day kindergarten bus route positions.See footnote 7 7
The Board
correctly asserts that the issue of whether elimination of those
positions constitutes a reduction-in-force has previously been
decided by this Court. This Court observed in Berry v. Kanawha
County Bd. of Educ., 191 W.Va. 422, 424, 446 S.E.2d 510, 512
(1994) that "a reduction in force, obviously can occur when
job positions are eliminated."Berry explicitly held
in the single syllabus of the opinion that "[i]f a board of
education decides to reduce the number of jobs for service
personnel, the board must follow the reduction in force
procedures of W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8b [1996]."
The Board also contends that it was erroneous for the ALJ to overrule the position adopted by the State Superintendent. See W.Va. Code § 18-29-7(1) (1994) (providing that an administrative law judge's decision may be set aside if it was contrary to a lawfully adopted rule or written policy of the chief administrator). In a memorandum opinion dated August 26, 1996, the State Superintendent opined that a reduction-in-force occurred when half-day kindergarten bus route positions were eliminated. We have consistently held that "[i]nterpretations of statutes by bodies charged with their administration are given great weight unless clearly erroneous." Syl. pt. 4, Security National Bank & Trust Company v. First W. Va. Bancorp, Inc., 166 W.Va. 775, 277
S.E.2d 613 (1981). See also Syl.
pt. 1, Smith v. Board of Educ. of County of Greenbrier,
192 W.Va. 321, 452 S.E.2d 412 (1994); Syl. pt. 3, Smith v.
Board of Educ. of Logan County, 176 W.Va. 65, 341 S.E.2d 685
(1985). The ALJ rejected the memorandum opinion because of a
contrary opinion authored by the State Superintendent' office in
1989. It is now well settled fundamental law that "when two
statutes conflict, the general rule is that the statute last in
time prevails as the most recent expression of the legislative
will." West Virginia Health Care Cost Review Authority v.
Boone Memorial Hosp., 196 W.Va. 326, 336, 472 S.E.2d 411, 421
(1996). See also, Syl. pt. 2, Stamper by Stamper v.
Kanawha County Bd. of Educ., 191 W.Va. 297, 445 S.E.2d 238
(1994); Syl. pt. 2, State ex rel. Dept. of Health and Human
Resources, etc. v. West Virginia Public Employees Retirement
System, 183 W.Va. 39, 393 S.E.2d 677 (1990). This axiom holds
true for competing administrative opinions interpreting the same
statute. Confronted with a similar issue in Smith v. Board of
Educ. of County of Greenbrier, 192 W.Va. at 324, 452 S.E.2d
at 415, we held that "[w]hile the existence of conflicting
opinions from two state superintendents admittedly raises a
question of the precedential value to be accorded the opinions,
nonetheless, ... [t]he interpretation currently in effect is that
of Mr. Marockie, and unless we can find clear error in such
opinion, it should be accorded 'great weight.'" We discern
no basis to disturb the circuit court's ruling on this assignment
of error.
B.
School Bus Drivers Whose Extracurricular
Positions Are Eliminated May Use Their Seniority to Obtain
Extracurricular
School Bus Driving Positions That Were Not Eliminated
The
grievants contend that no authority exists allowing them to be
"bumped" from their extracurricular bus driving
positions by more senior drivers whose half-day kindergarten
route positions were eliminated.See footnote 8 8 The Board counters
that, since this was a reduction-in-force, W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8b
(supra) necessitated release of the grievants as they were the
least senior extracurricular bus drivers. The Board contends that
its actions did not constitute bumping. The Board followed the
requirements of W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8b. Insofar as the
elimination of the half-day kindergarten bus route positions was
a reduction-in-force, the Board's position is correct. Therefore,
the circuit court's decision on this issue will not be disturbed.
C.
The Circuit Court Committed Harmless Error in Failing to
Review the Entire Record in the Case
The
last argument raised by the grievants is that the circuit court
did not have the full administrative record when it made its
review of the ALJ's decision. The Board contends that the issue
ruled upon by the circuit court was a question of law. Therefore,
the entire record was unnecessary for legal determination. We
have held that "[q]uestions of law are subject to a de novo
review." Syl. pt. 1, Public Citizen, Inc. v. First
National Bank in Fairmont, 198 W.Va. 329, 480 S.E.2d 538
(1996). The Board's position is correct. The circuit court had a
sufficient record for the dispositive legal determination in this
case. Any error in not having a full record was harmless. See
Parham v. Horace Mann Ins. Co., 200 W.Va. 609, 617, 490 S.E.2d 696, 704 (1997) ("[W]e conclude the procedural error
committed by the trial court did not result in substantial
injustice or prejudice the substantive rights of Appellants.
Therefore, we consider such error harmless, and decline to
reverse the final decision of the trial court").
IV.
CONCLUSION
In view of the
foregoing, we affirm the circuit court's order.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1 1 We point out that a per curiam opinion is not legal precedent. See Lieving v. Hadley, 188 W.Va. 197, 201 n.4, 423 S.E.2d 600, 604 n 4. (1992).
Footnote: 2 2 The other grievants are: Pamela Reynolds, Ormal Jean Taylor, Woodrow Mace, Harold Cunningham, Gary Sutphin, Jerry Balderson, Carl Allen, William Wright, Michael McElwee, and Brian Shockey.
Footnote: 3 3 This employment is called "extracurricular" to distinguish it from regular employment contracts for school bus operators.
Footnote: 4 4 The 19 extracurricular school bus drivers were also employed as regular bus operators.
Footnote:
5 5
The Board's brief cites part of the Superintendent's memorandum
opinion. The portion provided sets out a question presented to
the Superintendent and the response to the question as follows:
If we are granted a waiver and do not
have to implement all-day kindergarten in all schools, how do we
reduce the mid-day runs at those schools in which we implement
all-day kindergarten? Mid-day runs are awarded as separate
contracts. Do we look at only the drivers affected at individual
schools or do we look at the entire list of mid-day drivers,
dismiss the least senior and post their positions for those more
senior drivers who will lose their runs?
In response to this question, we must look at W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8b for guidance. This section requires that all decisions by county boards concerning reduction in work force of service personnel be on the basis of seniority. The seniority of any service personnel is determined on the basis of the length of time the employee has been employed by the county board within a particular job classification. It is not based on the length of time employed in a certain school. Therefore, the entire list of mid-day drivers for the county must be looked at to dismiss the least senior drivers. Also, any existing or newly created positions which are vacant required to be posted, pursuant to W.Va. Code § 18A-4-8b.
Hoping that I have been of service, I am
Sincerely,
/s
Henry Morockie
State
Superintendent of Schools
Footnote: 6 6 The grievants remained employed with the Board as regular bus operators.
Footnote: 7 7 The grievants also argue that because this Court held in Smith v. Board of Educ. of Logan County, 176 W.Va. 65, 341 S.E.2d 685 (1985) that the procedural requirements for assignment, transfer, promotion, demotion, suspension and dismissal under W.Va. Code §
18A-2-7 (1996) apply to extracurricular personnel positions, it naturally follows that eliminating extracurricular positions is akin to a transfer. This argument is without merit. W.Va. Code § 18A-2-7 pertains to more than "transfers". It also applies to assignments, promotions, demotions, suspensions and dismissals.
Footnote: 8 8 This argument is premised upon a finding by this Court that the elimination of the half-day kindergarten bus route positions was not a reduction-in-force.
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