Callow v. Jacob, M.D. & Roane Gen. Hosp.
Annotate this Case IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST
VIRGINIA
September 1997 Term
_____________
No. 24030
_____________
VIRGINIA CALLOW, ADMINISTRATRIX OF
THE ESTATE OF MAXEL LEON WEST,
Appellant
v.
REMIGIO O. JACOB, M.D.,
AND ROANE GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Appellees
_________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Roane County
Honorable Charles McCarty, Judge
Civil Action No. 90-C-125
REVERSED AND REMANDED
_________________________________________________________
Submitted: October 7, 1997
Filed: December 8, 1997
John A. Kessler,
Esq. Don
R. Sensabaugh, Esq.
Kessler &
Jones Jeffrey
M. Wakefield, Esq.
Charleston, West
Virginia Flaherty,
Sensabaugh & Bonasso
Attorney for
Appellant Charleston,
West Virginia
Attorneys
for Appellees
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS
"'Under W.Va.R.Civ.P. 41(b), in order to reinstate a cause of action which has been dismissed for failure to prosecute, the plaintiff must move for reinstatement within three terms of entry of the dismissal order and make a showing of good cause which adequately excuses his neglect in prosecution of the case.' Syl. Pt. 1, Brent v. Board of Trustees of Davis & Elkins College, 173 W.Va. 36, 311 S.E.2d 153 (1983)." Syl. Pt. 1, Dimon v. Mansy, 198 W.Va. 40, 479 S.E.2d 339 (1996).
Per Curiam:See footnote 1
1
Virginia
Callow (hereinafter "Appellant"), as Administratrix of
the estate of Maxel Leon West, appeals a denial of a motion to
reinstate a medical malpractice action dismissed by the Circuit
Court of Roane County pursuant to Rule 41(b) of the West Virginia
Rules of Civil Procedure. We reverse the decision of the lower
court and remand for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
I.
On September 9, 1994, a wrongful death claim initiated by the Appellant was dismissed, without prejudice, by the lower court for failure to prosecute. The matter, originally filed on June 8, 1990, against Appellees Remigio Jacob, M.D., and Roane General Hospital, had been pending for one year with no activity except the filing of orders of
continuance.See footnote
2 2 On September 23, 1994, the Appellant filed a
motion for reinstatement, and no further action was taken until a
hearing on the reinstatement motion on August 12, 1996, almost
two years after the motion for reinstatement was filed with the
lower court. At the August 12, 1996, hearing, the lower court
denied the motion for reinstatement on the grounds that more than
three terms of court had passed since the order of dismissal had
been entered in September 1994. The lower court thus concluded
that it lacked jurisdiction to reinstate the matter. No evidence
was taken on the issue of whether good cause existed to excuse
the neglect in failure to prosecute.
The Appellant
asserts that the lower court erred in ruling, during the August
12, 1996, hearing, that it lacked jurisdiction to reinstate. As
the Appellant emphasizes, the motion to reinstate was filed only
fourteen days after the dismissal, but the lower court did not
rule on that motion until August 12, 1996, after the passage of
more than three terms of court. The Appellant reasons that it is
inequitable to allow the lower court's procrastination in setting
the hearing to support the finding of no jurisdiction based upon
the passage of three terms of court.
Rule 41(b) of
the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure provides, in pertinent
part, as follows:
Any
court in which is pending an action wherein for more than one
year there has been no order or proceeding, or wherein the
plaintiff is delinquent in the payment of accrued court costs,
may, in its discretion, order such action to be struck from its
docket; and it shall thereby be discontinued. The court may
direct that such order be published in such newspaper as the
court may name. The court may, on motion, reinstate on its trial
docket any action dismissed under this rule, and set aside any
nonsuit that may be entered by reason of the nonappearance of the
plaintiff, within three terms after entry of the order of
dismissal or nonsuit; but an order of reinstatement shall not be
entered until the accrued costs are paid.
In syllabus point one of Dimon v. Mansy, 198 W.Va. 40, 479 S.E.2d 339 (1996), this Court held:
"Under
W.Va.R.Civ.P. 41(b), in order to reinstate a cause of action
which has been dismissed for failure to prosecute, the plaintiff
must move for reinstatement within three terms of entry of the
dismissal order and make a showing of good cause which adequately
excuses his neglect in prosecution of the case." Syl. Pt. 1,
Brent v. Board of Trustees of Davis & Elkins College, 173
W.Va. 36, 311 S.E.2d 153 (1983).
We also explained as follows in Dimon:
[I]t is the
plaintiff's obligation to move his or her case to trial, and
where the plaintiff fails to do so in a reasonable manner, the
case may be dismissed as a sanction for the unjustified delay. To
be clear, we squarely hold that a plaintiff has a continuing duty
to monitor a case from the filing until the final judgment, and
where he or she fails to do so, the plaintiff acts at his or her
own peril.
Id. at 45, 479 S.E.2d at 344. However, we also recognized in
Dimon that "[t]he sanction of dismissal with prejudice for
the lack of prosecution is most severe to the private litigant
and could, if used excessively, disserve the dignitary purpose
for which it is invoked. It remains constant in our jurisprudence
that the dignity of a court derives from the respect accorded its
judgment." Id.
West Virginia
Code §56-6-1 (1997) provides that the clerk of a circuit court,
prior to every term of court, shall prepare a docket of the cases
pending and, under the control of the court, set the cases and
other matters for certain days. In Woodall v. Laurita 156
W.Va. 707, 195 S.E.2d 717 (1973), this Court reasoned:
"This statute . . . explicitly contemplates the control of
the docket by the court and not by a party litigant." Id. at
709, 195 S.E.2d at 719.
The Appellees in
the present case assert that the failure to obtain a hearing on
the motion for reinstatement within three terms is the fault of
the Appellant. Placing the burden of case perpetuation through
the circuit court docket entirely upon a plaintiff, however, is
unreasonable. The Appellant satisfied her Rule 41(b)
responsibility of timely filing her reinstatement motion on
September 23, 1994. She thereafter demonstrated a remarkable lack
of diligence in attempting to contact the court to obtain a
hearing date on the
motion. However, we do not believe that her lack of diligence
in urging the lower court to set a hearing date should destroy
her right to be heard; neither should the lower court's delay
prejudice the Appellant's right to an inquiry into the reasons
for the initial delay in prosecuting the case. See Frazier v.
Pioneer Chevrolet-Cadillac, Inc., 192 W. Va. 468, 452 S.E.2d 926
(1994); Rollyson v. Rader, 192 W. Va. 300, 452 S.E.2d 391
(1994).
The Appellant
requests this Court to reverse the decision of the lower court
and to remand for an opportunity to present evidence on the issue
of good cause for neglect in the prosecution of the case. That
crucial inquiry was not addressed during the hearing on the
Appellant's motion to reinstate since the lower court ruled that
it lacked jurisdiction to hear the motion. We conclude that the
lower court did not lack jurisdiction to hear the reinstatement
motion, and we therefore reverse the decision of the lower court
and remand this case for a hearing on the issue of good cause for
neglect in the prosection of the case.
Reversed and remanded.
Footnote: 1 1 We point out that a per curiam opinion is not legal precedent. See Lieving v. Hadley, 188 W. Va. 197, 201 n.4, 423 S.E.2d 600, 604 n.4. (1992) ("Per Curiam opinions ... are used to decide only the specific case before the Court; everything in a per curiam opinion beyond the syllabus point is merely obiter dicta .... Other courts, such as many of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, have gone to non-published (not-to-be- cited) opinions to deal with similar cases. We do not have such a specific practice, but instead use published per curiam opinions. However, if rules of law or accepted ways of doing things are to be changed, then this Court will do so in a signed opinion, not a per curiam opinion.")
Footnote: 2 2 The lower court provided no notice of its intent to dismiss the matter. See Dimon v. Mansy, 198 W. Va. 40, 479 S.E.2d 339 (1996). The procedures enumerated for notice of intent in Dimon are not retroactive, and they are therefore not applied in the examination of the lower court's actions in 1994.
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