McG., Mary Ann v. P., William R.
Annotate this Case IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST
VIRGINIA
September 1997 Term
_____________
No. 24000
_____________
MARY ANN MCG. (FORMERLY P.),
Appellant
v.
WILLIAM R. P.,
Appellee
____________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kanawha County
Honorable Herman G. Canady, Jr., Judge
Civil Action No. 88-C-2461
AFFIRMED
____________________________________________________________________
Submitted: October 8, 1997
Filed: December 8, 1997
Mary M. Downey,
Esq. William
R. P.
Charleston, West
Virginia Charleston,
West Virginia
Attorney for the
Appellant Pro
Se
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS
"'Children
are often physically assaulted or witness violence against one of
their parents and may suffer deep and lasting emotional harm from
victimization and from exposure to family violence; consequently,
a family law master should take domestic violence into
account[.]' Syl. pt. 1, in part, Henry v. Johnson, 192
W.Va. 82, 450 S.E.2d 779 (1994)." Syllabus Point 2, Mary
Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., 197 W.Va. 1, 475 S.E.2d 1
(1996).
Per Curiam:See footnote 1
1
In this sequel to this Court's opinion in Mary Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., 197 W.Va. 1, 475 S.E.2d 1 (1996), the appellant, Mary Ann McG. (formerly P.), who will hereafter be referred to as Mary Ann P., claims that the Circuit Court of Kanawha County erred in authorizing her former husband to resume child visitation when the court- nominated counselor certified that it was appropriate. She suggests that visitation should not take place until such time as the treating psychologist for the parties' children, Dr. Christina Arco, indicates visitation is in the children's best interest. The appellant also claims that the court erred in ordering that the parties engage in reconciliation counseling before her former husband completed individual psychological treatment for a domestic violence problem. After reviewing the questions presented and the documents filed in this case, the Court believes that the circuit court did, in effect, rule that child visitation and reconciliation counseling were not to occur until the individual psychological treatment of the appellant's husband for domestic violence was completed and that the court did not err
in entering the order from which this appeal is taken. The
judgment of the circuit court is, therefore, affirmed.
As is more
fully discussed in Mary Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., Id,
the appellant, Mary Ann P. and the appellee, William R. P., Jr.,
were married on March 9, 1985, and in the course of a stormy
relationship involving mental and physical abuse on the part of
William R. P., Jr., they had two boys, William Raphael P., III,
and Mark P., born in 1985 and 1986. The record also shows that
William R. P., Jr., left Mary Ann P. and that Mary Ann P. filed
for divorce on July 8, 1988. The divorce was granted and Mary Ann
P. was granted custody of the children, and William R. P., Jr.,
was granted visitation privileges.
After the parties
divorced, William R. P., Jr., was charged with sexually abusing
William Raphael P.,III, and while this charge was pending,
William R. P., Jr.'s, right of visitation with William Raphael
P., III, and Mark P. was suspended. Subsequently, when it
appeared that a criminal sexual abuse charge growing out of the
alleged abuse of William Raphael P., III, would be dropped,
hearings were held before a family law master on the question of
whether visitation should resume. During those hearings Christina
Arco, a psychologist who had been treating the children,
testified that William Raphael P., III, who had been exposed to
the physical and emotional violence in
his parents' marriage, had fears and anxieties about his
father and wished his father would die. Susan Barrows McQuade,
Director of Social Services at Family Services of Kanawha Valley,
echoed this and testified that she believed that the children's
visitation with their father would potentially be detrimental and
that it should not be forced. At the conclusion of the hearings,
the family law master found that although there had been physical
violence in the parties' marriage, there had been no sexual abuse
of William Raphael P., III, as charged, and the criminal charge
growing out of the alleged abuse had been dropped and concluded
that William R. P., Jr.'s, right of visitation with the children
be reinstated.
Mary Ann P. filed
exceptions to the family law master's recommendation that
visitation resume, and after various hearings, the circuit court,
although it recognized that the childrens' attitude toward their
father rendered "exercise of visitation virtually
impossible," ruled that visitation could resume under
professional supervision.
Mary Ann P. appealed circuit court's visitation ruling to this Court, and this Court, mindful of the evidence that the children, because of their exposure to their father's physical and emotional abuse of their mother, strongly objected to seeing their father, concluded in Mary Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., supra, Id., that the visitation should not resume immediately, but indicated that it was in the best interest of the children to attend counseling sessions with their father. Specifically, the Court stated:
Based
on the foregoing, we agree with the plaintiff [Mary Ann P.] that
supervised visitation should not immediately resume. . . . The
record is clear that forced visitation at this time would be
detrimental to the children and futile on the defendant's behalf
without professional intervention. In Mary D. v. Watt, 190
W.Va. at 348, 438 S.E.2d at 528, this Court held that a
"family law master or circuit court may condition . . .
supervised visitation upon the offending parent seeking
treatment." On remand, the circuit court should address this
issue. The circuit court should also consider whether it would be
beneficial for the defendant and the children to attend
counseling sessions together to help build a more positive
relationship. "Clearly, counseling for the parties would
materially promote the welfare of the children." Patricia
Ann S., 190 W.Va. at 14, 435 S.E.2d at 14. The circuit court
should also determine when supervised visitation should resume
and set forth a specific visitation schedule that takes into
account the best interest of the children and the defendant's
interest in attaining a close relationship with his sons. See
Weber v. Weber, 193 W.Va. 551, 457 S.E.2d 488 (1995); W.Va.
Code, 48-2-15(b)(1993). On remand, the circuit court should
determine if the parties can agree on a counseling or therapy
setting for these children and their father. If they cannot
agree, then the circuit court should take any additional evidence
needed and direct the participation in such counseling as a
condition of the continuation of the plan for restoring
visitation.
197 W.Va. at 8, 475 S.E.2d at 8.
Subsequent to this Court's rendering its opinion, the circuit court held several additional hearings which culminated in the order from which the appellant now appeals. Ultimately the circuit court entered the order from which the appellant now appeals. That order contains two provisions which this Court believes are relevant to this proceeding. The first states:
(1) That
child visitation be suspended until defendant [William R. P.,
Jr.] produces for this Court reports which address that he has
undergone psychological treatment therapy in respect to his
previous domestic abuse problems.
The second states:
(2) That
the plaintiff, mother herein, the defendant, father herein and
the two children herein shall submit to family reconciliation
counseling and therapy as herein after nominated and set out.
(3) That
visitation, whether supervised or non supervised, should only
commence when recommended by the psychologist reconciliator
hereafter to be nominated, by written report.
(4) It
is ORDERED that the Department of Behavioral Medicine and
Psychology, Charleston Area Medical Center headed by Dr. Pete
Edelman is hereby nominated as the parent-child reconciliator
therapist and counselor.
As previously
indicated, in the present appeal the appellant asserts that the
trial court erred in not terminating visitation until William R.
P., Jr., has completed individual psychological treatment for the
problems resulting in domestic abuse. She also claims that
visitation should be resumed only when Christina Arco indicated
that it was in the children's best interest and that the court
erred in ordering that reconciliation counseling be conducted.
This Court has indicated that the determining factor in establishing child visitation is the welfare of the child involved. Mary Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., supra.
See also Lufft v. Lufft, 188 W.Va. 339, 424 S.E.2d 266
(1992), and Ledsome v. Ledsome, 171 W.Va. 602, 301 S.E.2d 475 (1983). Likewise, the Court has recognized that domestic
abuse can potentially affect a child's welfare. As stated in
Syllabus Point 2 of Mary Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., supra:
"Children
are often physically assaulted or witness violence against one of
their parents and may suffer deep and lasting emotional harm from
victimization and from exposure to family violence; consequently,
a family law master should take domestic violence into
account[.]" Syl. pt. 1, in part, Henry v. Johnson,
192 W.Va. 82, 450 S.E.2d 779 (1994).
In the present case, as suggested in Mary Ann P. v. William R. P., Jr., supra, the domestic violence which occurred between the parties, Mary Ann P. and William R. P., Jr., was a major factor in the children's psychological problems and in their fear of their father; and it continues to have substantial potential impact on their future welfare and well being. As suggested in the earlier opinion in this case, under the aggravated circumstances of this case, the visitation of William R. P., Jr., with the children would be detrimental to the children until such time as the father's individual psychological problems are addressed. Nonetheless, as indicated in the previous opinion, the Court does affirm the circuit court's conclusion that supervised visitation should resume when William R. P., Jr.'s, domestic violence problems have been professionally addressed.
As this Court
reads the circuit court's order in issue in the present case, the
circuit court has recognized that William R. P., Jr., must
undergo and complete professional treatment for the problems
giving rise to the prior domestic violence before child
visitation may be resumed. The circuit court specifically ordered
that child visitation be suspended until William R. P., Jr.,
"has undergone psychological treatment therapy in respect to
his previous domestic abuse problems." It also appears that
the court recognized that family reconciliation counseling and
therapy should occur only after the psychological treatment of
William R. P., Jr., is completed.
This Court
cannot conclude that the circuit court's order is inconsistent
with this Court's prior rulings in the case or that the circuit
court erred in entering its order. Although the circuit court did
not make the commencement of visitation contingent upon Christina
Arco's certification that it was appropriate for the children,
the court did provide: "That visitation . . . should only
commence when recommended by the psychologist reconciliator
hereinafter to be nominated, by written report." In doing
this, the circuit court did not err. The Court is, therefore, of
the view that the order of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County
should be affirmed.
As just stated, the Court has reached its conclusion in this case solely upon its reading of the circuit court's order which indicates that visitation and reconciliation
counseling are not to begin until the psychological treatment
of William R. P., Jr., is completed. The Court believes that any
interpretation of the order which would allow the visitation or
the reconciliation counseling to begin before the psychological
treatment of William R. P., Jr., is completed would be contrary
to the welfare and best interests of the infant children involved
and would be contrary to the legal principles which govern the
resolution of this case.
In light of
the foregoing, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1 1 We point out that a per curiam opinion is not legal precedent. See Lieving v. Hadley, 188 W.Va. 197, 201 n.4, 423 S.E.2d 600, 604 n.4 (1992) ("Per curiam opinions . . . are used to decide only the specific case before the Court; everything in a per curiam opinion beyond the syllabus point is merely obiter dicta. . . . Other courts, such as many of the United States Circuit Courts of Appeals, have gone to non-published (not-to-be- cited) opinions to deal with similar cases. We do not have such a specific practice, but instead use published per curiam opinions. However, if rules of law or accepted ways of doing things are to be changed, then this Court will do so in a signed opinion, not a per curiam opinion.").
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