Commonwealth v. Smith

465 Pa. 310 (1976)

350 A.2d 410

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Johnnie SMITH, Appellant.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued November 20, 1975.

Decided January 29, 1976.

*311 Richard P. Hunter, Jr., Philadelphia, for appellant.

F. Emmett Fitzpatrick, Dist. Atty., Steven H. Goldblatt, Asst. Dist. Atty., Chief, Appeals Div., Deborah E. Glass, Philadelphia, for appellee.

Before EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS, POMEROY, NIX and MANDERINO, JJ.

O'BRIEN, Justice:

Appellant, Johnnie Smith, age fifteen, was tried before a judge and jury and found guilty of murder in the second degree and two counts of aggravated robbery for the stabbing death of David Merrone. Post-trial motions were denied and appellant was sentenced to five to twenty years for the second-degree murder conviction and ten years' probation on one of the aggravated robbery indictments; sentence was suspended on the second aggravated robbery indictment. This appeal followed.

*312 Appellant argues his confession must be suppressed in that police interrogation had commenced without first allowing him, a fifteen-year-old juvenile, the opportunity to consult with a parent or interested adult. We agree.

The facts surrounding appellant's confession are as follows. On March 23, 1972, at approximately 10:45 p.m., appellant arrived at the Philadelphia Police Administration Building for questioning concerning the stabbing death of David Merrone. At 11:00 p.m., appellant was warned of his rights and interrogated. In his initial statement, appellant denied any involvement or knowledge of the stabbing incident. He was interrogated a second time at 12:50 a.m. and confronted with differences between his story and the stories of other co-defendants. At 11:00 a.m., appellant was rewarned of his rights and a third interrogation was conducted.

A summary of the third interrogation reveals a complete reversal of appellant's initial statement. He incriminated himself by admitting to being with a group of friends who were fighting with the decedent and his friend. Appellant further stated that a co-defendant, Andre Gay, admitted stabbing the Merrone youth and disposing of the knife after the fight. At 3:20 a.m. on March 24, 1972, appellant's mother arrived and was with her son until 8:18 a.m. She was informed of the nature of the incident and charges involving her son, but she was never informed of her son's Miranda rights. In addition, appellant's mother consented to a polygraph examination. Appellant's formal statement began at 10:01 a.m. and was signed at 11:40 a.m. on March 24, 1972.

This court, in Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. ___, 350 A.2d 829 (1975), stated: ". . . that absent a showing that a juvenile had an opportunity to consult with an interested and informed parent or adult or counsel before he waived his Miranda rights, his waiver will be ineffectual." (Emphasis supplied.) See Commonwealth *313 v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90, 343 A.2d 669 (1975); Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178, 335 A.2d 698 (1975).

In the instant case, his Miranda rights were read to appellant twice and he was interrogated three times prior to his mother's arrival at the police station; the last interrogation was at 1:00 a.m., when an incriminating statement was obtained from him. In addition, according to a police chronology, even after appellant's mother arrived at the Police Administration Building, while she was given an opportunity to meet and talk with her son, she was never warned of her son's Miranda rights. In view of the facts in the instant case and this court's decisions in Chaney, McCutchen and Starkes, appellant's confession must be suppressed.

The Commonwealth contends that we should not suppress appellant's confession on the rationales of the above-cited cases because to do so would be retroactively applying our juvenile confession rule. We do not agree.

In Chaney, this court made clear that the juvenile confession rule would be applicable to all appellants on direct appeal, even though their confessions preceded our decisions in the above-cited cases. See Commonwealth v. Little, 432 Pa. 256, 248 A.2d 32 (1968).[1]

Judgment of sentence is reversed and case is remanded for a new trial.[2]

POMEROY, J., filed a dissenting opinion in which EAGEN, J., joined.

JONES, C.J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

*314 POMEROY, Justice (dissenting).

I dissent. See the dissenting opinion of this writer (joined by Mr. Chief Justice Jones and Mr. Justice Eagen) in Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. ___, 350 A.2d 829 (1975) and the dissenting opinions cited therein.

EAGEN, J., joins in this dissenting opinion.

[1] At the time of trial the court below did not have the benefit of our McCutchen rationale.

[2] There is no appeal taken to us of the two aggravated robbery convictions.