Campbell v State

Campbell v State
1946 OK CR 97
173 P.2d 584
83 Okl.Cr. 108
Decided: 10/16/1946
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals

(Syllabus.)

1. Automobiles--Motorist Convicted of Drunk Driving Required to Surrender All Licenses. Under statute (47 O. S. 1941 § 294) a court of record must, after final conviction of a motorist in such court for the crime of driving an automobile while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, require the motorist to surrender to it all operator's or chauffeur's licenses possessed by him and forward them to the Commissioner of Public Safety.

2. Trial-Authority of Trial Court to Require Convicted Motorist to Surrender Driver's License. Trial court does not exceed its authority and is not inflicting unauthorized punishment when it requires convicted motorist to surrender his driver's license to be forwarded by said court to the Commissioner of Public Safety.

3. Automobiles---Sentence Reduced to Fine Where Jail Sentence Would Work Undue Hardship. Imposition of jail sentence and fine against first offender upon plea of guilty to charge of driving an automobile while under the influence of intoxicating liquor is reduced to fine where defendant in mitigation of punishment shows that he has never been arrested for any offense, that he has a good reputation for sobriety and being a law-abiding citizen, that be is a farmer with several head of livestock, that he has a large farm and no one to assist in carrying on his farming duties, together with the fact that there was no accident involved in the alleged offense, and counsel for state. agree that fine is sufficient punishment under facts of case.

Appeal from County Court, Garfield County; Paul Edwards, Judge.

Kenneth Elmer Campbell pleaded guilty of driving an automobile while under the influence of intoxicating

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liquor, and from the judgment and sentence imposed, he appeals. Modified and affirmed as modified.

Willis & Manning, of Fairview, for plaintiff in error.

Mac Q. Williamson, Atty. Gen., and J. Walker Field, Asst. Atty. Gen., for defendant in error.

JONES, P. J. This is an appeal by the defendant from a judgment and sentence imposed upon him when he entered his plea of guilty in the county court of Garfield county to the offense of driving an automobile while under the influence of intoxicating liquor.

The defendant entered his plea of guilty on December 12, 1944, and the trial court thereupon fixed January 16, 1945, as the date for pronouncing judgment and sentence. On the latter date, the defendant through his counsel stated that he desired to offer evidence in mitigation of punishment, and the court thereupon permitted him to do so. The defendant testified that he had never been arrested before in his life or charged with any offense. That he lives with his widowed mother and farms 160 acres of land. That he has two brothers serving in the armed forces of the United States, and that he was the sole person to carry on the farming duties. That he has several milk cows which he milks daily and sells the cream.

The defendant then introduced the testimony of several witnesses who testified that they were neighbors of defendant and had known him for several years. That his general reputation in the community where he resides for being a moral, sober and upright citizen was good. That the defendant, in the absence of his brothers in the army, had the sole duty of farming 160 acres of land and caring for a 69 year old widowed mother.

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At the conclusion of the evidence offered on behalf of defendant, the county attorney made a statement to the court as to the facts surrounding the alleged offense as reported to him by the arresting officer. These facts were that the arresting officer saw the defendant pull on to Highway 81; that the car wobbled from one side of the road to the other, and that when defendant was stopped he was observed to be drunk. There was no accident involved.

At the close of the evidence, the trial court stated:

"On the showing made here, the court certainly is inclined to make the judgment and sentence the minimum. This court has, ever since this type of case was tried in the county court, followed a policy which I think is based on good public policy, or requiring in this type of cases that the defendant serve some time in jail. I do that for the reason I think it has a much stronger deterrent effect than a mere fine. A person can pay a fine; he is more likely to commit such an offense again than if he had to spend some time in jail. I am not inclined to make it a long jail sentence, but taking into consideration the fact he is operating a farm out here, I think he could make arrangements for the chores to be done for a short time; taking in consideration these facts, the Court will make this a minimum sentence. The defendant, based on his plea of guilty, will be found guilty, sentenced to five days in the Garfield county jail, and a fine of $25.00 and costs in the action; the defendant is ordered to surrender his driver's license to the court for transmittal to the State Commissioner of Public Safety."

Counsel for defendant present the question that the sentence assessed defendant was excessive and should be reduced by eliminating the five-day jail sentence. The Assistant Attorney General who appeared on behalf of the state stated in open court that he had no objection to this being done.

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We agree that the facts surrounding this particular case are not so serious in their nature as to require a commitment to jail as punishment. It is hard for us to reconcile the testimony of all the witnesses that the defendant was a sober, upright citizen with the fact that he was driving his automobile while drunk on this occasion in question. No statement was made by the defendant concerning the facts surrounding his driving at the time in question. That issue was foreclosed by his plea of guilty. However, since the defendant is a first offender and has never been arrested before for any offense, considered together with his good reputation in the community and the unusual hardship which would have been inflicted upon his widowed mother in attempting to take care of the livestock and milk the large number of cows which were on the place, we have come to the conclusion that the assessment of a fine will be a sufficient lesson to impress upon the defendant the importance of staying sober.

It is not our purpose to condone offenses involving drunken driving, but from statements made by the trial court, the county attorney and others interested in this prosecution, it is evident that the county court would not have assessed the five-day jail sentence had it not been for a policy adopted by his office of forcing every person who pleads guilty to this particular offense to serve some time in the county jail.

Counsel for defendant in their brief raise one other point. They contend that the county court erred in directing defendant to surrender his driver's license to the court for transmittal to the Commissioner of Public Safety, and contend that this is an additional punishment not authorized by law.

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In Gentry v. Blinn, 184 Okla. 9, 84 P.2d 27, the Supreme Court of Oklahoma held that the specific mandatory provisions set forth in 47 O. S. 1941 § 295 make it the duty of the Commissioner of Public Safety to revoke the license of any operator when the conviction in said cases (including the offense of driving an automobile while under the influence of intoxicating liquor) became final. See, also, Ashcraft v. State, 68 Okla. Cr. 308, 98 P.2d 60.

Title 47, § 294, O. S. 1941, provides:

"Whenever any person is convicted of any offense in a court of record for which this Act makes mandatory the revocation of the operator's or chauffeur's license of such person by the Commissioner, the court in which such conviction is had shall require the surrender to it of all operators' and chauffeurs' license then held by the person so convicted and the court shall thereupon forward the same together with a record of such conviction to the Commissioner."

In Ashcraft v. State, supra (98 P.2d 67), this court stated:

"After final conviction of a party in a court of record, the court has the power, and it is its duty to require the defendant to surrender to it all operator's or chauffeur's licenses held by such person so convicted."