ELLEDGE v. STARING

ELLEDGE v. STARING
1996 OK CIV APP 161
939 P.2d 1163
68 OBJ 1779
Case Number: 87739
Decided: 05/02/1997

Kevin ELLEDGE, Appellant,
v.
Rodney STARING, Super Flow Testers Inc., Phillips Petroleum Company, Inc., Appellees.

¶0 Appeal from the District Court of Grady County, Oklahoma; Honorable James R. Winchester, Judge.

AFFIRMED.

Stephen H. Buzin, Chickasha, Oklahoma, for Appellant.
Stephen L. DeGuisti, Oklahoma City, and F. Thomas Cordell, Jr., Chickasha, for Appellees.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

CARL B. JONES, Presiding Judge

¶1 Appellant/Plaintiff seeks review of a summary judgment entered against him in this personal injury, negligence action. Summary judgment was sought on several different grounds. We find the summary judgment to have been properly granted. Appellant was injured when his motorcycle collided with an oncoming vehicle that made a left turn across his lane in front of him on a rural two lane highway. It was dark and the weather was clear. Appellant was wearing sunglasses and was returning home from a bar where he had been drinking beer. After the accident, his blood alcohol level was found to be .128%.

¶2 Appellant brought suit against Staring, the driver of the vehicle that made the left turn in front of Appellant's oncoming motorcycle. He also sued Phillips Petroleum Co., Inc. and Super Flow Testers, Inc. Appellant settled his claim against Staring and dismissed him from the suit. Subsequently, Phillips and Super Flow Testers sought summary judgment.

¶3 Phillips was alleged to be the operator of an oil well just south of the accident site. Super Flow Testers was a contractor hired by Phillips to assist in a frac job for the well. Beginning March 28, 1991, gas coming from the well as a result of the frac job was "flared" off. The flare stack was located approximately 50 yards south of the highway. Appellant alleged that Phillips and Super Flow Testers were each responsible for the flaring of the gas and that the gas flare caused the accident because it blinded motorists on the highway. The accident occurred on March 29, 1991, at approximately 7:30 o'clock p.m.

¶4 As stated, Appellees sought summary judgment on several grounds. They argued the gas flare was not the proximate cause of the accident; they breached no duty to Appellant by their flaring of gas; even if there was some negligence in the flaring of gas, it was, at most, a mere condition and not the proximate cause of the accident; and, the act of Staring making an illegal left turn into Appellant's path was a supervening cause of *1165 the accident. Super Flow Testers additionally asserted that it had nothing to do with the placement of the flare, the decision to use it or how much gas was to be flared.

¶5 The lack of evidence establishing proximate cause is decisive here. Proximate cause, obviously, is an essential element of a negligence action. Johnson v. Mid-South Sports, 806 P.2d 1107, 1109 (Okla.1991). Proximate cause is defined as "that which in a natural and continuous sequence, unbroken by an independent cause, produces the event and without which the event would not have occurred." Gaines v. Providence Apartments, 750 P.2d 125, 126-27 (Okla.1987); Johnson v. Mid-South Sports, supra, at 1109. The foreseeability of injury as a result of the negligent act is also an essential element of proximate cause. Atherton v. Devine, 602 P.2d 634, 636 (Okla.1979). The question of proximate cause becomes one of law when there is no evidence from which the jury could find a causal nexus between the negligent act and the resulting injuries. Thompson v. Presbyterian Hosp., Inc., 652 P.2d 260, 263 (Okla.1982); Jackson v. Jones, 907 P.2d 1067, 1073 (Okla.1995). The failure to establish that Defendant's negligence was the proximate cause of the harmful event is fatal to Plaintiff's claim. Thompson v. Presbyterian Hosp., Inc., supra at 263.

¶6 Appellees assert in their motions for summary judgment that the proximate cause of the accident was the negligence of Staring who failed to yield the right-of-way to Appellant in making a left turn across Appellant's lane directly in front of him. Ample evidence is presented that Staring is the tortfeasor. The necessary causal link between Appellees gas flaring and the accident is established only if their gas flaring activities caused Staring to turn into the path of Appellant. In responding to the motions for summary judgment, Appellant presented evidence in the form of his own deposition testimony that light from the flare prevented him from seeing the Staring vehicle. That might excuse Appellant's own negligence if there was any. It does not, however, address why Staring turned into the path of Appellant's oncoming motorcycle.

¶7 Appellant attempted to establish this evidentiary link between the gas flaring and Staring's driving through an affidavit of James Turner, an investigator hired a year after the accident by an earlier attorney representing Appellant. In this regard, the affidavit states, "Rodney Staring told me that if the flare had not been present he could have seen Kevin Elledge's [Appellant's] motorcycle approaching or at least have heard it." Both Appellees objected to this "evidence" and moved to strike it on the grounds that it was inadmissible hearsay, was speculative rather than factual and was irrelevant.

¶8 This aspect of the affidavit is clearly inadmissable hearsay. See 12 O.S.1991 ss 2801 and 2802. Rule 13(b), Rules for District Courts of Oklahoma,

¶9 We have examined the pleadings and evidentiary materials submitted by the parties to determine if there is a genuine issue as to any material fact. They have been viewed in the light most favorable to Appellant. The materials reviewed reveal the cause of the accident to be the tortious conduct of former Defendant, Staring. There is a fatal lack of evidence that the accident was caused by Appellee's gas flaring activities. Summary judgment was properly granted.

¶10 AFFIRMED.

¶11 ADAMS, V.C.J., and GARRETT, J., concur.

FOOTNOTES:

1. 12 O.S. Ch. 2, App. 1.