State v. Perry
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[Cite as State v. Perry, 2013-Ohio-5803.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LAKE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
:
OPINION
:
CASE NO. 2011-L-125
- vs -
:
KYLE J. PERRY,
:
Defendant-Appellant.
:
Criminal Appeal from the Lake County Court of Common Pleas.
Case No. 10 CR 000730.
Judgment: Reversed and remanded.
Charles E. Coulson, Lake County Prosecutor, and Teri R. Daniel, Assistant Prosecutor,
Lake County Administration Building, 105 Main Street, P.O. Box 490, Painesville, OH
44077 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
Timothy Young, Ohio Public Defender, 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400, Columbus,
OH 43215-9308 (For Defendant-Appellant).
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J.
{¶1}
On March 28, 2013, this court granted Kyle J. Perry’s motion to reopen his
direct appeal on a single, narrow issue. We stated: “the sole issue upon which this
court grants reopening is whether appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise a
violation of R.C. 2945.75(A)(2) in the prior appeal.” This issue stems from the jury
verdict forms, judgment of conviction, and sentencing below.
For the reasons that
follow, we reverse and remand this case for entry of a judgment of conviction for a
felony of the second degree, as set forth herein, and for resentencing in accord with that
conviction.
{¶2}
Perry was found guilty of multiple offenses relating to a series of burglaries
and weapons possession. In addition to the numerous burglary charges, Perry was
convicted of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, a felony of the first degree. The
offense of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity can be either a first or second degree
felony depending on the severity of the underlying offenses. See R.C. 2923.32(B)(1).
The indictment in Perry’s case charged him with engaging in a pattern of corrupt
activity, a felony of the first degree; however, it does not appear the indictment alleges
any aggravating factors that would make the offense a felony of the first degree
pursuant to R.C. 2923.32(B)(1).
The jury verdict form with respect to this charge
contained neither the degree of offense nor a reference to the finding of an aggravating
element. Perry was convicted of, and sentenced for, the first-degree-felony version of
engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity.
{¶3}
Perry presents two assignments of error for our consideration on the
reopened appeal:
[1.] The trial court committed reversible error when it entered a
judgment of conviction against Mr. Perry for first-degree-felony
engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, in violation of R.C.
2945.75, and in violation of Mr. Perry’s rights to due process under
the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and
Article I, Section 16 of the Ohio Constitution. * * *
[2.] By failing to raise on Mr. Perry’s behalf an assignment of error
arguing that the trial court committed reversible error when it
entered a judgment of conviction against Mr. Perry for first-degreefelony engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, in violation of R.C.
2945.75, original appellate counsel provided Mr. Perry with
ineffective assistance, in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to
the United States Constitution. App.R. 26(B)(7). * * *
2
{¶4}
In response, the state of Ohio concedes that Perry was incorrectly
convicted of a felony of the first degree and requests that the case be remanded for
resentencing for a conviction of a felony of the second degree. In light of this request,
the state argues that the second assignment of error is moot.
{¶5}
As this appeal presents issues solely of law, our standard of review is de
novo. State v. Garduno, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2012-P-0139, 2013-Ohio-4300, ¶11.
{¶6}
R.C. 2945.75(A)(2) was authoritatively interpreted by the Ohio Supreme
Court in State v. Pelfrey, 112 Ohio St.3d 422, 2007-Ohio-256. The Court held that
where the severity of an offense varies depending on the presence or absence of
specific elements, a defendant can be convicted of the more serious degree of the
offense only when the signed jury verdict forms either indicate the degree of the offense
of conviction or state that an aggravating element has been found. Id. at ¶4. Therefore,
where the verdict forms are silent regarding the degree of the offense of conviction or
the presence of aggravating elements, R.C. 2945.75(A)(2) and Pelfrey require the trial
court to enter a conviction and sentence on the least degree of the offense.
Id.
Additional facts and circumstances of the case not found on the face of the signed jury
verdict forms cannot cure the defect. Id. at ¶14.
{¶7}
In this case, the jury verdict forms finding Perry guilty contained neither
the specific degree of the offense of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity nor any
finding of the presence of aggravating elements. Thus, Perry can only be convicted of
the least degree of that crime, to wit: a felony in the second degree. The trial court
erred when it entered a conviction for, and sentenced Perry pursuant to, a first-degree
felony.
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{¶8}
This court is aware that certain provisions of Pelfrey have been limited. In
State v. Eafford, 132 Ohio St.3d 159, 2012-Ohio-2224, ¶17, the defendant was charged
with possession of drugs; the indictment specified the drug as cocaine. The defendant
unsuccessfully argued that, pursuant to Pelfrey, he could be sentenced only to a
misdemeanor because the jury verdict form neither specified that the drug involved was
cocaine nor indicated the degree of offense. Possession of cocaine is a felony. The
Ohio Supreme Court held that a jury verdict form, finding an accused guilty of
possession of drugs as charged in the indictment, supported the defendant’s conviction
for possession of cocaine when the indictment, evidence, and jury instructions all
referred only to cocaine. Id. at ¶19.
{¶9}
The Fourth Appellate District followed Eafford in State v. Sowers, 4th Dist.
Gallia No. 06CA13, 2013-Ohio-3265. The Fourth District stated: “[In Eafford], the Ohio
Supreme Court reversed the Eighth District’s judgment, in part, because the verdict
form made reference to the count of the indictment that specified ‘cocaine’ as the drug
in question.” Id. at ¶7 (citation omitted). In affirming the defendant’s sentence for a
second-degree felony, the Fourth District found that, as in Eafford, the jury verdict form
referenced the indictment and the indictment stated the aggravating factor justifying a
sentencing for the higher level of offense.
{¶10} R.C. 2923.32(B)(1) sets forth the factors to be considered that would allow
Perry to be convicted of a felony of the first degree. Primarily, it is necessary that one of
the underlying offenses be a felony of the first, second, or third degree, aggravated
murder, or murder. In this case, as in Eafford, the jury verdict form references the
indictment.
However, although the indictment in this case indicates the offense of
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engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity is a felony of the first degree, it does not allege
any fact that would raise the offense to that level. Therefore, the distinctions from
Pelfrey found in Eafford and Sowers, supra, do not apply here.
{¶11} This case is remanded for the trial court to enter a conviction for the
second-degree felony of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity and to resentence
Perry accordingly on that count. As Perry’s second assignment of error seeks the same
relief granted above, it is moot, and thus it is not necessary to address the merits.
{¶12} It is the judgment and order of this court that the judgment of the Lake
County Court of Common Pleas is reversed and remanded to the trial court for the
purpose of correcting the degree of offense, as set forth herein, and for resentencing in
accord with that conviction.
DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.,
THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.,
concur.
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