Minneapolis Flour Co. v. Cleveland
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[Cite as Minneapolis Flour Co. v. Cleveland, 2010-Ohio-2607.] Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 93767 MINNEAPOLIS FLOUR COMPANY PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT vs. CITY OF CLEVELAND DEFENDANT-APPELLEE JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case Nos. CV-624857 and CV-642433 BEFORE: Rocco, P.J., Blackmon, J., and Stewart, J. RELEASED: June 10, 2010 JOURNALIZED: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT John E. Duda 4355 SOM Center Road Moreland Hills, Ohio 44022 Michael B. Pasternak 411 Park Center II 3681 South Green Road Beachwood, Ohio 44122 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Robert J. Triozzi Director of Law City of Cleveland BY: Jerome A. Payne, Jr. Assistant Director of Law Room 106 City Hall 601 Lakeside Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44114 N.B. This entry is an announcement of the court s decision. See App.R. 22(B) and 26(A); Loc.App.R. 22. This decision will be journalized and will become the judgment and order of the court pursuant to App.R. 22(C) unless a motion for reconsideration with supporting brief, per App.R. 26(A), or a motion for consideration en banc with supporting brief per Loc.App.R. 25.1(B)(2), is filed within ten days of the announcement of the court s decision. The time period for review by the Supreme Court of Ohio shall begin to run upon the journalization of this court s announcement of decision by the clerk per App.R. 22(C). See, also, S.Ct. Prac.R. 2.2(A)(1). KENNETH A. ROCCO, P.J.: {¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Minneapolis Flour Company, appeals from a common pleas court order granting partial summary judgment in favor defendant-appellee, the city of Cleveland, on Minneapolis Flour s claims for the increased workers compensation premiums and health insurance premiums it was required to pay after its employee was injured in a collision caused by a city employee s negligence. Minneapolis Flour also challenges the common pleas court s decision to exclude certain evidence from trial and the court s determination that, without this evidence, Minneapolis Flour s claim against the city for property damage to its truck had been extinguished. {¶ 2} We find that the city was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on Minneapolis Flour s claim for increased workers compensation and health insurance premiums. However, the court erred by granting judgment for the city on the claim for property damage to the truck. Therefore, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings. Procedural History {¶ 3} This appeal arises from two consolidated actions in the common pleas court seeking damages incurred as a result of an automobile collision in which a city garbage truck operated by city employee Aretha Johnson struck a vehicle operated by Ezra Richardson, which in turn struck a truck owned by Minneapolis Flour and operated by its employee, Michael Hren. One suit was filed by Minneapolis Flour against the city, Johnson, and Richardson; the other was filed by Hren against the city, Johnson, and the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation. Hren s claims were ultimately settled and dismissed. Minneapolis Flour voluntarily dismissed its claims against Johnson and Richardson, leaving only the claims against the city for resolution here.1 {¶ 4} The complaint in this case alleged that on November 28, 2005, a city-owned garbage truck failed to yield the right of way while making a right-hand turn onto northbound East 152nd Street and struck a 1993 Plymouth Voyager that was also traveling northbound on East 152nd Street. The Voyager in turn struck a southbound 2000 Sterling truck owned by Minneapolis Flour and operated by its employee, Michael Hren. Hren was injured and unable to return to his employment with Minneapolis Flour; the truck was severely damaged. Minneapolis Flour asserted that it suffered damages consisting of $210,000 in increased workers compensation premiums; $11,180 in medical insurance premiums it paid for Hren for one year, and $25,380 in damage to its truck. {¶ 5} The city moved for partial summary judgment on February 1, 2008. It asserted that it had no duty to Minneapolis Flour that could render it liable for the increase in Minneapolis Flour s workers compensation premiums and 1 Minneapolis Flour also appealed a partial summary judgment entered in Richardson s favor. However, it later dismissed that appeal, presumably in recognition of the fact that it had previously dismissed its claims against Richardson. medical insurance expenses. The court granted this motion. The case then proceeded toward trial on the only claim left pending, the claim for property damage to the truck. {¶ 6} The city moved to exclude evidence of the amount Minneapolis Flour paid for a new truck some months after the collision. The court granted this motion. It then determined that the ruling on the motion in limine extinguished Minneapolis Flour s claim for damages to the truck. This appeal followed. Law and Analysis {¶ 7} In its first and second assignments of error, Minneapolis Flour contends that the court erred by granting summary judgment for the city on its claims for the health care insurance premiums it paid on behalf of its injured employee and the increased workers compensation premiums it was required to pay as a result of this injury. Minneapolis Flour claims it is subrogated to its employee s rights against the city pursuant to R.C. 4123.931. {¶ 8} We review the common pleas court s decisions on summary judgment de novo, applying the same standard of review the trial court applied. The parties agree that the question whether Minneapolis Flour can recover these expenses from the city is a question of law, and that no material facts are at issue. {¶ 9} In Cincinnati Bell Telephone Co. v. Straley (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 372, 533 N.E.2d 764, the Ohio Supreme Court determined that the employer of an injured employee generally has no right to recover against the tortfeasor who caused the injury under the common law, by statute, or by operation of law. The tortfeasor breached a duty to the employee, not the employer; the only way that the tortfeasor might owe a duty to the employer is through a contract or warranty. There is no contractual relationship between Minneapolis Flour and the city, so Cincinnati Bell precludes Minneapolis Flour from recovering here. {¶ 10} Although the causes of action in Cincinnati Bell all concerned employers efforts to recover workers compensation payments, the more general principle to be gleaned from that case that any damages suffered by an employer as a result of a tort committed upon its employee are too remote to allow recovery applies to other forms of damages as well. Both the claim for increased workers compensation premiums and health insurance premiums are such remote consequences of the city s alleged negligence that they are not recoverable. Cincinnati v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp., 95 Ohio St.3d 416, 2002-Ohio-2480, 768 N.E.2d 1136, ¶35 et seq. {¶ 11} Minneapolis Flour asserts that it is entitled to recover under R.C. 4123.931(A). R.C. 4123.931(A) creates a right of subrogation on behalf of certain persons who pay workers compensation benefits. It provides: The payment of compensation or benefits pursuant to this chapter or Chapter 4121., 4127., or 4131., of the Revised Code creates a right of recovery in favor of a statutory subrogee against a third party, and the statutory subrogee is subrogated to the rights of a claimant against that third party. The net amount recovered is subject to a statutory subrogee's right of recovery. {¶ 12} Any right to recovery under this statute is premised on the plaintiff s status as a statutory subrogee. A statutory subrogee is defined in R.C. 4123.93(B) as: * * * the administrator of workers compensation, a self-insuring employer, or an employer that contracts for the direct payment of medical services pursuant to division (L) of section 4121.44 of the Revised Code. {¶ 13} Minneapolis Flour obviously is not the administrator of workers compensation. It also is not a self-insuring employer. The affidavit it filed with its response to the city s motion for summary judgment states that it was, at all relevant times, an insured company, participating in the Ohio Workers Compensation system. While it claims that it was self-insuring to the extent it made payments for the employee s health insurance, the term self-insuring employer as used in this statute is a defined term and does not extend so far: Self-insuring employer means an employer who is granted the privilege of paying compensation and benefits directly [to its injured employees] under section 4123.35 of the Revised Code * * *. {¶ 14} R.C. 4123.01(G). Minneapolis Flour s assertion that it participates in the Ohio Workers Compensation system demonstrates that it is not a self-insured employer within the meaning of R.C. 4123.01(G). Finally, there is no evidence that Minneapolis Flour contracted for the direct payment of medical services pursuant to R.C. 4121.44(L). Therefore, Minneapolis Flour is not a statutory subrogee who may recover from a tortfeasor under R.C. 4123.931(A). {¶ 15} We find the city was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on Minneapolis Flour s claims for increased workers compensation premiums and health insurance premiums paid on behalf of the injured employee. Therefore, the first and second assignments of error are overruled. {¶ 16} In its third assignment of error, Minneapolis Flour argues that the trial court erred by granting the city s motion in limine without affording it seven days to respond. The motion in limine was filed four days before trial was scheduled to begin. Appellant was aware that the motion related to the trial, but did not respond before the trial was scheduled. The court granted the motion on the day of trial. {¶ 17} The very nature of a motion in limine allows it to be filed outside the time for filing regular motions pursuant to Loc.R. 11 and Civ.R. 6(D). McKeegan v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. (Sept. 7, 1995), Cuyahoga App. No. 68111. [A] motion [in limine] is a useful technique for raising the issue of admissibility outside the presence of the jury, [but] the court s ruling does not actually determine whether the evidence is admissible. Rather, a ruling in limine prevents a party from injecting improper evidence into the proceedings until the court is able to decide, in the context of the other evidence at trial, whether the evidence indeed is admissible. State v. Hall (1989), 57 Ohio App.3d 144, 145-46, 567 N.E.2d 305. {¶ 18} Because the motion only suggests a question regarding admissibility, and a ruling does not preclude a party from arguing that the evidence is admissible, the court need not wait for a response before ruling on a motion in limine. The third assignment of error is overruled. {¶ 19} The fourth assignment of error complains that the court erred by holding that Minneapolis Flour s claim for damages to its truck was extinguished by the court s ruling on the motion in limine. We agree. As discussed above, an order granting a motion in limine is a tentative decision that evidence should not be mentioned before the jury until the court is able to consider it in the context of the other evidence presented at trial and decide whether it is admissible. The ruling is preliminary in nature. By dismissing the case based on this preliminary ruling, the court never gave Minneapolis Flour an opportunity to proffer the evidence or argue its admissibility. More important, the court never gave Minneapolis Flour an opportunity to present any other evidence it may have had. 2 The court simply could not have concluded that Minneapolis Flour could present no evidence in support of its claim for damages to its truck based only on the 2 The city contends that the exhibit list included in Minneapolis Flour s trial brief made it abundantly clear that [Minneapolis Flour] was seeking the difference between the price of a new truck and insurance proceeds received from the old truck, based upon the exhibit list included in Minneapolis Flour s trial brief. Although listed on the docket, this trial brief is not included in the record. Even if it was, though, the city s suppositions about Minneapolis Flour s case based upon its exhibit list is not a sufficient basis for awarding judgment. court s preliminary exclusion of evidence of (1) the purchase price of a new truck and (2) loss of use. We find the court erred by dismissing Minneapolis Flour s claim for damages to its truck. Therefore, we reverse the court s judgment as to that part of Minneapolis Flour s claim and remand for further proceedings regarding that claim. {¶ 20} Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings consistent with opinion. It is ordered that each party shall bear its own costs. The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. KENNETH A. ROCCO, PRESIDING JUDGE PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., and MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR
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