Schmidt v. Bryant

112 S.E.2d 262 (1960)

251 N.C. 838

Mary Nell SCHMIDT v. W. W. BRYANT, Dorothy G. Bryant, Marion S. Taylor and Sybil B. Taylor.

No. 597.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

January 29, 1960.

*263 Sanford, Phillips, McCoy & Weaver, Fayetteville, for plaintiff.

Nance, Barrington & Collier, Fayetteville, for defendants.

DENNY, Justice.

On the record before us we are limited to a determination as to whether or not the *264 court below committed error in sustaining the demurrer ore tenus on the ground that the complaint fails to state a cause of action against the defendants.

Where all the defendants join in a demurrer to the complaint on the ground that it does not state a good cause of action, the demurrer will be overruled if the complaint states a good cause of action as to any one of the defendants. Paul v. Dixon, 249 N.C. 621, 107 S.E.2d 141.

Since all the defendants joined in the demurrer interposed in this action, the demurrer must be tested in light of the above rule.

Parol testimony is competent to contradict a consideration recited in a conveyance of land; such testimony may not be used, however, to alter or contradict the conveyance itself, in the absence of fraud, mistake or undue influence. Walters v. Walters, 172 N.C. 328, 90 S.E. 304.

Likewise, this Court has repeatedly held that a grantor cannot engraft a parol trust in favor of the grantor when there is a contrary intent clearly expressed in the deed. Gaylord v. Gaylord, 150 N.C. 222, 63 S.E. 1028; Walters v. Walters, supra; Newton v. Clark, 174 N.C. 393, 93 S.E. 951; Penland v. Wells, 201 N.C. 173, 159 S.E. 423; Bass v. Bass, 229 N.C. 171, 48 S.E.2d 48.

If it be conceded that plaintiff and the defendants Bryant entered into an oral contract, as alleged in her complaint, she could not under our decisions have compelled the defendants Bryant before they sold the property to reconvey it to the plaintiff. Neither could she have compelled them to sell the property. The agreement to reconvey or in lieu thereof, at the option of the plaintiff, to sell, was within the statute of frauds and was not enforceable since the agreement was not in writing. Walters v. Walters, supra.

As we interpret the plaintiff's complaint, she does not seek a reconveyance of the property to her or the sale thereof. The defendants Bryant had already sold the property voluntarily. This being so, a parol agreement with respect to the disposition of the proceeds from the sale does not come within the statute of frauds, and an action will lie for the enforcement thereof. Brown v. Hobbs, 147 N.C. 73, 60 S.E. 716; Bourne v. Sherrill, 143 N.C. 381, 55 S.E. 799, 118 Am.St.Rep. 809; Sprague v. Bond, 108 N.C. 382, 13 S.E. 143; Michael v. Foil, 100 N.C. 178, 6 S.E. 264; Brogden v. Gibson, 165 N.C. 16, 80 S.E. 966; Sumner v. Graham County Lumber Co., 175 N.C. 654, 96 S.E. 97; Pinnix v. Smithdeal, 182 N.C. 410, 109 S.E. 265. Cf. Peele v. LeRoy, 222 N.C. 123, 22 S.E.2d 244. Under such circumstances, it is not necessary to establish a constructive trust in order to enforce the parol agreement with respect to the disposition of the proceeds derived from the sale of the property involved. Bourne v. Sherrill, supra.

In Brown v. Hobbs, supra, this Court quoted with approval from Trowbridge v. Wetherbee, 93 Mass. 361, 364, as follows: "`The defendant's promise was a part of the consideration for which he obtained his deed, and it does not follow, as a matter of course that an agreement to pay a consideration for a conveyance of land is within the statute. In this case, the defendant did not agree to convey any part of the land to the plaintiff, but to sell and convey it to some other person, and pay the plaintiff his share of the net proceeds in money. The first part of this promise, namely, the promise of the defendant to sell the land, was within the statute, and if he had refused to sell, the plaintiff could not have maintained an action to enforce the promise to sell. But the promise to sell has been performed, and when a promise which was within the statute has been performed the contract is no longer within the statute. If some of the stipulations in a contract are within the statute and others are not, and those which *265 are within it have been performed, an action lies upon the other stipulations, if they are separate.'" [147 N.C. 73, 60 S.E. 717.]

Likewise, in Bourne v. Sherrill, supra, Bourne and Sherrill entered into an agreement that if the plaintiff would sell the defendant a certain lot, that in the event the defendant did not build on it but sold it, he would give the plaintiff the profits realized from the sale thereof. The defendant did not build on the lot but sold it for a profit. The action was instituted to recover the profit pursuant to the parol agreement. The defendant objected to the introduction of parol testimony to establish the contract "on the grounds (1) that the agreement was without consideration; (2) that the same contradicted the deed; (3) that the contract was invalid under the statute of frauds, the same being a contract concerning realty, and required to be in writing." The Court said: "The decisions of this state are against the defendant on each of the propositions advanced by him. Michael v. Foil, 100 N.C. 178, 6 S.E. 264; Sprague v. Bond, 108 N.C. 382, 13 S.E. 143. The consideration arose at the time of the sale, and is part inducement thereto. The conveyance, the purpose of which was to pass title, is allowed its full operation, and is therefore in nowise contradicted. And the agreement enforced by this recovery attached to the proceeds from and after the sale, and was not therefore, concerning land, or any interest therein, within the meaning of the statute of frauds." [143 N.C. 381, 55 S.E. 800.]

In the case of Sprague v. Bond, supra, there was a parol agreement with respect to the disposition of proceeds from the sale of property conveyed. The Court said: "The enforcement of the alleged agreement, after the sale of the land, does not in any respect impinge upon the terms of the conveyance, but relates entirely to the payment of the consideration. It is true that the plaintiff could not have compelled the defendant to execute her agreement to sell the land, as there was no enforceable trust, and the agreement was within the statute of frauds; but this part of the agreement has been voluntarily performed, and the other part, not being within the statute, may now be enforced." [108 N.C. 382, 13 S.E. 144.]

In Michael v. Foil, supra, the Court said: "The contract for the sale of the land was in writing the land itself was sold; but the agreement, that if the mineral interest in the land should be sold during the life-time of the plaintiff, he should have one-half of it, was not put in writing. If the contract of sale was made subject to this agreement as an inducement to the contract, the agreement, though in parol, may be enforced. The agreement did not pass or purport to pass any interest in land, and does not fall within the statute of frauds." [100 N.C. 178, 6 S.E. 268.]

We express no opinion on the merits of this case. However, if the plaintiff can establish her contract as alleged, to the effect that she was to receive the excess proceeds from the sale of the property, if sold, over and above the balance due Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company, plus the sums expended on the property by the defendants Bryant, pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the plaintiff is entitled to an accounting to determine whether or not any excess proceeds were realized from the sale of the property.

In view of the conclusion we have reached, the ruling on the demurrer ore tenus in the court below is

Reversed.