Arendas v N.C. High School Athletic Assn., Inc
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NO. COA11-359 NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS Filed: 15 November 2011 DAVID ARENDAS, JR., a minor, by and through his Natural Guardian, DAVID ARENDAS, SR., et. al., Plaintiffs v. Guilford County No. 10 CVS 7949 NORTH CAROLINA HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION, INC., Defendant Appeal by plaintiffs from order entered 1 November 2010 by Judge William Z. Wood, Jr. in Guilford County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 12 September 2011. Pinto Coates Kyre & Brown, PLLC by David L. Brown and Jon Ward, for plaintiff-appellants. Maxwell, Freeman & Bowman, P.A., by James B. Maxwell, for defendant-appellee. CALABRIA, Judge. Members and coaches of the 2008-2009 men s basketball team at Northern Guilford High School ( NGHS ) (collectively plaintiffs ), appeal from an order granting North Carolina High School Athletic Association, Inc. s ( defendant or defendant association ) motion to dismiss. We affirm. -2I. According Plaintiffs basketball to the played or season. corporation. With Background pleadings, coached at Defendant the the NGHS is consent facts are during a as the voluntary, and approval of follows. 2008-2009 non-profit the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, defendant administers the state s interscholastic athletic competitions in conformance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education. Defendant publishes its rules and regulations annually in the NCHSAA Handbook ( the Handbook ). In 2009, plaintiffs won the Men s Basketball State Championship for 3A schools ( the Championship ). Subsequent to the conducted victory, Guilford County Schools ( GCS ) an investigation into residency issues of student-athletes at NGHS. The investigation revealed that at least two players on the Championship team, James Gant ( Gant ) and Asad Lamot ( Lamot ), did not reside in the NGHS residential district during the time they participated on the team. their eligibility for a public A student s residency determines to participate in interscholastic athletics high school. According to the Handbook, the student must be a resident of the administrative district in which the school is located. In addition, the Handbook states -3 [a]ny high school which allows an ineligible student to participate by dressing for and/or participating in an athletic contest shall forfeit all contests in which the student dressed or participated. In May 2009, after the investigation, GCS informed defendant that ineligible players had participated on the team and forwarded defendant the supporting documentation. After reviewing the documentation, defendant concluded that GCS had sufficient competent evidence to determine at least two NGHS student athletes who participated on the 2008-2009 Championship team were ineligible because they did not live in the Northern Guilford residential district as required. Pursuant to the rules, each student was declared ineligible for participation in interscholastic athletics for 365 days and defendant vacated the Championship. Plaintiffs negligence and filed a seeking, complaint inter on 6 July 2010, alleging alia, a declaratory judgment reinstating the Championship. On 4 August 2010, defendant filed an answer and a motion to dismiss. On 29 September 2010, plaintiffs filed a voluntary dismissal without prejudice of all claims by plaintiffs Gant and Lamot. On 29 September 2010, plaintiffs moved for judgment on the pleadings as to their third -4claim for relief, reinstatement of the Championship. After a hearing on 6 October 2010, the trial court entered an order on 1 November 2010, concluding that plaintiffs lacked standing and granted defendant s motion to dismiss. Plaintiffs appeal. II. Standing Plaintiffs argue that the trial court erred in granting defendant s motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1), finding that plaintiffs lacked standing to pursue the action. We disagree. Standing is a prerequisite to a court s proper exercise of subject matter jurisdiction. Aubin v. Susi, 149 N.C. App. 320, 324, 560 S.E.2d 875, 878 (2002). It is proper to conduct de novo review of a trial court s decision to dismiss a case for lack of standing. Neuse River Found., Inc. v. Smithfield Foods, Inc., 155 N.C. App. 110, 114, 574 S.E.2d 48, 51 (2002). The first element of standing is injury in fact -an invasion of a legally protected interest that is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical. Marriott v. Chatham Cty., 187 N.C. App. 491, 494, 654 S.E.2d 13, 16 (2007). Therefore, a party must have a legally protected interest to satisfy the standing requirements in North Carolina. Without a legally protected interest the -5judiciary cannot interfere, and without controversy, a party cannot maintain standing. a justiciable See Creek Pointe Homeowner s Ass n v. Happ, 146 N.C. App. 159, 165, 552 S.E.2d 220, 225 (2001) (citation omitted) (a party has standing when they have a sufficient stake in an otherwise justiciable controversy that he or she may properly seek adjudication of the matter. ). North Carolina follows the well-established rule that courts will not interfere with the internal affairs of voluntary associations. Wilson Realty & Constr., Inc. v. Asheboro- Randolph Bd. of Realtors, 134 N.C. App. 468, 470, 518 S.E.2d 28, 30 (1999). While the interaction between courts and voluntary associations has been rarely litigated in North Carolina, other jurisdictions have held that a court would provide due process protection when a member s property or civil rights were invaded by the voluntary association. See Van Valkenburg v. Liberty Lodge No. 300, 619 N.W.2d 604, 607 (Neb. Ct.App. 2000); Taite v. Bradley, 151 So.2d 474, 475 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1963); Tucker v. Jefferson Cty. Truck Growers Ass n, 487 So.2d 240, 242 (Ala. 1986). Some courts have also recognized interference is appropriate if the voluntary association failed to adhere to its own rules. See State Ex. Rel. National Jr. Col. Ath. Ass n v. -6Luten, 492 S.W.2d 404, 407 (Mo. Ct. App. 1973); Van Valkenburg, 619 N.W.2d at 607. While the judiciary typically only protects member s rights, some courts will also intervene when the rights of a non-member, i.e. a student, voluntary athletic association. have been affected by a See Ind. High School Ath. Ass n v. Carlberg, 694 N.E.2d 222, 230 (Ind. 1997); Revesz v. PA. Interscholastic Athletic, 798 A.2d 830 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2002). In the instant case, there is no justification for judicial intervention neither a on behalf legally of the protected plaintiffs. interest Championship awarded by defendant. to NGHS by defendant s nor Plaintiffs a right in have the The Championship was granted association. Therefore, when the Championship was revoked, it was the school that sustained the loss, not the players. NGHS is a association, but plaintiffs are not. member of defendant s Consequently, plaintiffs do not have a legally protected interest in any award granted by defendant s association to one of its members. association Handbook outlined, defendant s association, could the school, have As defendant s as a challenged ruling. However, NGHS did not appeal the decision. school is the only party with a property member of defendant s Since the interest in the Championship, plaintiffs only recourse was to implore NGHS to -7act on their behalf to achieve relief from defendant s ruling. Plaintiffs further contend that defendant failed to comply with its own rules in revoking the Championship, defendant s actions were arbitrary and capricious. other jurisdictions association s that alleged have arbitrary done so on a limited basis. reviewed and alleging Courts in challenges capricious to decision an have The party seeking review in such cases has been the party actually harmed by the association s decision. So.2d See Ala. High School Athletic Ass n v. Medders, 456 284, 287 (Ala. 1984) (court found association rule declaring student ineligible to participate was not arbitrary); Brown ex rel. Brown v. Ass n, 125 P.3d 1219, 1225-26 (Okla. 2005)(when student was ejected from a game and suspended from further games court found the associations actions were not arbitrary and capricious). In the instant case, plaintiffs allege as defendant s actions they sustained reputation. However, there is nothing in the record actually damages a for result of loss of demonstrating how the revocation of the Championship resulted in a loss of constitute reputation. harm, Forfeiture however, of plaintiffs the fail Championship may to any include particularized and actual injury that has occurred. In North -8Carolina, the injury in fact must be particularized and actual, not hypothetical Corp., 172 or N.C. conjectural. App. 386, 391, Coker 617 v. S.E.2d DaimlerChrysler 306, 310 (2005). Plaintiffs speculated that the forfeiture of the Championship could cause possible harm in the form of lost scholarships, lost job opportunities, and lost college prospects. possibilities were all hypothetical. particularized, actual Championship, it loss was the from If a the school, NGHS. However, these party suffered a revocation of the Therefore, the only party capable of challenging defendant s decision to revoke the Championship is the school. defendant failed to follow Even if plaintiffs contention that its rules is correct, since the plaintiffs did not suffer a particularized actual loss, they do not have standing to challenge the defendant s decision on this basis. III. Conclusion Plaintiffs are not the proper party to bring this action as they were not members of defendant s association and therefore have no legally protected interest in the State Championship title. Without a legally protected interest plaintiffs have no standing to bring this action. or right, In addition, plaintiffs have failed to allege any particularized actual loss -9that would allow this Court to analyze defendant s decision on the basis of arbitrariness or capriciousness. We affirm. Affirmed. Chief Judge MARTIN and Judge BRYANT concur.
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