State v. Gay
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
NO. COA01-795 NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS Filed: 16 July 2002 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ROBERT ARNOLD GAY Appeal by defendant from judgment entered 18 January 2001 by Judge W. Robert Bell in Mecklenburg County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 20 May 2002. Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General John F. Oates, Jr., for the State. Noell P. Tin, for defendant-appellant. TYSON, Judge. Robert Arnold Gay ( defendant ) appeals from the trial court s entry of judgment after a jury returned a verdict finding him guilty of robbery with a dangerous weapon. I. We find no error. Facts The evidence at trial tended to show that on 11 June 1999, Jennifer Ellen Barnes ( Barnes ) was working at Cookies by Design in Charlotte, North Carolina. Cookies by Design is located in a shopping center adjacent to various other stores. At approximately 6:00 p.m., Barnes prepared to close the store. She turned off the lights and exited the front door wearing a backpack that contained $24,000.00 in cash that she had recently received from her father s estate. Barnes immediately noticed a person, later identified as defendant, standing at the corner of the building. She observed -2that he had a red face and completely bloodshot eyes. Defendant wore a sock hat, a long-sleeve sweatshirt, and long pants. Barnes testified that she thought defendant s dress was highly unusual since it was a hot summer afternoon. Barnes turned to lock the front glass door. Defendant approached her and asked if she had any spare change. Barnes looked at defendant and said [n]o, I don t have anything. She looked at defendant for approximately ten to fifteen seconds. Barnes again returned to locking the front door. With her back toward defendant, defendant wrapped his left arm around her neck and placed a stun gun up against her neck. Defendant took Barnes backpack with the money inside and fled the scene. Five days later, defendant appeared inside the store where Barnes worked and asked for a co-worker. Barnes telephoned the police and defendant was eventually arrested. on 15 January 2001. Defendant was tried Defendant offered evidence, testified at trial, and denied robbing Barnes. The jury found defendant guilty of robbery with a dangerous weapon. The trial court sentenced defendant to a minimum of seventy months and a maximum of ninetythree months, and ordered him to pay $24,000.00 in restitution. Defendant appeals. II. Issues Defendant argues that the trial court erred by (1) failing to dismiss the charges for insufficiency of evidence, and (2) excluding testimony of the victim s reputation for untruthfulness. Assignments of error set out in the record by defendant and not argued are deemed abandoned. N.C.R. App. P. 28(b)(5)(2001). -3III. Sufficiency of the Evidence Defendant contends the State presented no evidence that the stun gun allegedly used by [him] was a dangerous weapon that endangered or threatened [Barnes ] life. Defendant claims that the trial court should have dismissed the charge of robbery with a dangerous weapon, and the jury should have been instructed on common law robbery only. We disagree. When ruling on a motion to dismiss for insufficiency of the evidence, the trial court determines whether substantial evidence exists for each essential element of the offense charged, and whether defendant is the perpetrator of the offense. Earnhardt, 307 N.C. 62, 65-66, 296 S.E.2d 649, 651 State v. (1982). Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. State v. Smith, 300 N.C. 71, 78-79, 265 S.E.2d 164, 169 (1980) (citations omitted). In ruling on a motion to dismiss, the trial court must view all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, giving the State the benefit of every reasonable inference to be drawn from the evidence. State v. McAllister, 138 N.C. App. 252, 259, 530 S.E.2d 859, 864, appeal dismissed, 352 N.C. 681, 545 S.E.2d 724 (2000) (citation omitted). If there is more than a scintilla of competent evidence to support the allegations in the warrant or indictment, it is the court s duty to submit the case to the jury. 696 (1958). State v. Horner, 248 N.C. 342, 344-45, 103 S.E.2d 694, In borderline or close cases, our courts have -4consistently expressed a preference for submitting issues to the jury, both in reliance on the common sense and fairness of the twelve and to avoid unnecessary appeals. State v. Hamilton, 77 N.C. App. 506, 512, 335 S.E.2d 506, 510 (1985) (citing State v. Vestal, 283 N.C. 249, 195 S.E.2d 297, cert. denied, 414 U.S. 874, 38 L. Ed. 2d 114 (1973); State v. Holt, 90 N.C. 749 (1884); Cunningham v. Brown, 62 N.C. App. 239, 302 S.E.2d 822, disc. rev. denied, 308 N.C. 675, 304 S.E.2d 754 (1983)). Once substantial evidence is before the jury, any conflicts and discrepancies are for the jury to resolve and do not supply basis for dismissal. Id. (citing State v. Greene, 278 N.C. 649, 180 S.E.2d 789 (1971); State v. Bolin, 281 N.C. 415, 189 S.E.2d 235 (1972)). The elements of robbery with a dangerous weapon are: (1) the unlawful attempt to take or taking of personal property from a person or presence, (2) by use or threatened use of a firearm or other dangerous weapon, (3) whereby the life of the person is threatened or endangered. State v. Mann, 355 N.C. 294, 303, 560 S.E.2d 776, 782 (2002) (citations omitted). that elements two and three are unsatisfied. the stun gun was not endangered Barnes life. a dangerous weapon Defendant contends He argues that use of that threatened or We disagree. The element of danger or threat to the life of the victim is the essence of the offense. State v. Gibbons, 303 N.C. 484, 489, 279 S.E.2d 574, 578 (1981). Prerequisite to conviction for armed robbery . . . the jury must find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the life of the victim was endangered or -5threatened by the use or threatened use of firearms or other dangerous weapon, implement or means. N.C. 690, original). 699-700, 161 S.E.2d 140, State v. Covington, 273 147 (1968)(emphasis in The offense requires an act with the weapon which endangers or threatens the life of the victim . . . . Gibbons, 303 N.C. at 491, 279 S.E.2d at 578. Defendant admits that a stun gun can be a dangerous weapon, depending on how it is used. The evidence tended to show that defendant put his left arm around [Barnes ] neck and attempted to use a stun gun which was in his right hand. Mrs. Barnes began struggling with [defendant] and, as she fell to the ground, [he] ripped the back pack off her back and ran away. We hold that when defendant wrapped his arm around Barnes neck, attempted to shock her with his stun gun, and ripped her back pack from her shoulder, defendant s actions constituted the use of a dangerous weapon which threatened Barnes life. Cf. State v. Joyner, 295 N.C. 55, 243 S.E.2d 367 (1978)(held that use of glass soda bottle in the course of sexual assault and robbery was sufficient evidence to support an armed robbery with a dangerous weapon jury instruction); State v. Cockerham, 129 N.C. App. 221, 497 S.E.2d 831, disc. rev. denied, 348 N.C. 503, 510 S.E.2d 659 (1998) (held that gasoline thrown onto a victim s face with matches later found on the ground constituted the offense of robbery with a dangerous weapon); State v. Westall, 116 N.C. App. 534, 449 S.E.2d 24, disc. rev. denied, 338 N.C. 671, 453 S.E.2d 185 (1994)(held that placement of a pellet gun against a victim s back -6in the course of a robbery was sufficient to instruct the jury on robbery with a dangerous weapon); State v. Funderburk, 60 N.C. App. 777, 299 S.E.2d 822 (1983) (held use of inoperable air pistol to strike victim, which caused a black eye was sufficient evidence to instruct the jury on robbery with a dangerous weapon). This assignment of error is overruled. IV. Excluded Testimony Defendant contends that the trial court erred by sustaining the State s objection when defendant attempted to ask Tina Walsh, Barnes supervisor, on direct examination about Barnes poor reputation for truthfulness with her co-workers. The following exchange took place at trial between defense counsel and Tina Walsh: Q. Did you form an opinion [Barnes ] truthfulness? about . . . . A. I didn t said. believe everything she Q. Can you answer this question that you formed an opinion or not? A. Yeah. Q. And what was that opinion? State. Objection. Court. Overruled. A. Well, she was very dramatic, and she liked to carry on and disrupt work. And -- State. Objection. Court. Sustained as not being -- you re not -7responsive. Q. What was you opinion as honesty or truthfulness? A. I didn t think she was honest. Q. When did [Barnes] leave work at Cookies By Design? A. I think August. it was like the to her end of Defendant then attempted to illicit specific instances of conduct about the circumstances surrounding Barnes leaving her employment and reputation for objections. Barnes co-workers truthfulness. The opinions trial court concerning her sustained the Defendant did not make a proffer regarding what the excluded testimony would have revealed. [I]n order for a party to preserve for appellate review the exclusion of evidence, the significance of the excluded evidence must be made to appear in the record and a specific offer of proof is required unless the significance of the evidence is obvious from the record. State v. Simpson, 314 N.C. 359, 370, 334 S.E.2d 53, 60 (1985). See also N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 103 (2001); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1446(a) (2001). When evidence is excluded, the essential content or substance of the witness's testimony is required before we can determine whether exclusion of evidence was prejudicial. State v. Satterfield, 300 N.C. 621, 628, 268 S.E.2d 510, 515-16 (1980) (quoting Currence v. Hardin, 296 N.C. 96, 249 S.E.2d 387 (1978)). Here, Ms. Walsh gave her opinion of Barnes truthfulness. Defendant made no offer of proof concerning what Ms. Walsh s -8answers to the excluded question might have been, nor is it obvious from the record what the excluded testimony would have shown. We hold that defendant failed to preserve this issue for appellate review, and that this issue is not properly before us. This assignment of error is dismissed. V. Conclusion We hold that defendant received a trial by a jury of his peers before an able judge free from errors he assigned and argued. No error. Chief Judge EAGLES and Judge McGEE concur.
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
