Wolf v. Wolf
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
NO. COA01-766 NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS Filed: 16 July 2002 ROBERT E. WOLF, Plaintiff, v. LORENE L. WOLF, Defendant. Appeal by plaintiff and defendant from an order entered 19 December 2000 by District Court. Judge J. David Abernethy in Catawba County Heard in the Court of Appeals 20 May 2002. Starnes and plaintiff. Killian, PLLC, by Wesley E. Starnes, for Crowe & Davis, P.A., by H. Kent Crowe, for defendant. TYSON, Judge. Robert E. Wolf ( plaintiff ) appeals from an order that (1) denied his motion to modify post-separation and child support orders and (2) held him in contempt. Lorene L. Wolf ( defendant ) also appeals from that order that denied in part and allowed in part her motion for contempt and attorney s fees. We affirm the order of the trial court. I. Facts Plaintiff and defendant married on 14 December 1985. children were born of the marriage. separated on 30 March 1997. Technologies ( Shurtape ) Three Plaintiff and defendant Plaintiff was employed by Shurtape earning approximately $6,127.00 per month. Plaintiff filed a complaint that requested permanent custody -2of the minor children, child support, and equitable distribution of the marital estate on 23 May 1997. Defendant answered and counterclaimed for divorce from bed and board, sole custody of the minor children, child support payments, alimony, post-separation support, possession of the marital property, equitable distribution, and attorney s fees in the alimony and child support actions on 22 September 1997. After a hearing on 4 March 1998, the trial court entered two orders on 7 December 1998, nunc pro tunc 3 April 1998, granting defendant (1) primary care and custody of the minor children, (2) post-separation support in the amount of $609.00 per month, (3) fifteen percent (15%) of the gross amount of any bonus received by plaintiff in the future as additional post-separation support, (4) child support in the amount of $1,129.00 per month, (5) twenty percent (20%) of the gross amount of any bonus received by plaintiff in the future as additional child support, and (4) attorney s fees in the child support action. Plaintiff was laid off by Shurtape when his department was eliminated in January 1999. On 4 March 1999, plaintiff was hired with Tesa Tape, Inc. ( Tesa ). Plaintiff received a hiring bonus in the amount of $5,069.24. Plaintiff contends that the additional money received at hiring was not a hiring bonus but relocation expenses. Plaintiff earned approximately the same salary with Tesa as he had with Shurtape. Plaintiff s employment with Tesa was terminated on 28 September 1999. Plaintiff had paid his child and post separation support payments in the amount of $1,129.00 per -3month and $609.00 per month respectively until he was terminated. Plaintiff did not pay fifteen percent and twenty percent of his hiring bonus in child or post-separation support. Plaintiff filed a verified motion to Modify/Reduce/Eliminate Post-Separation Support on 17 November 1999. The next Plaintiff filed a motion to Modify/Reduce Child Support. day On 7 April 2000, defendant filed a Motion For Contempt for nonpayment of child support, post-separation support, and reimbursement of medical expenses and an Order to Show Cause setting the contempt motion for hearing on 19 April 2002. Plaintiff s and defendant s motions were heard on 31 May 2000 and 26 June 2000. The trial court issued an Order on 19 December 2000 that (1) denied plaintiff s motions to modify the child support order and the post-separation order, and (2) granted in part and denied in part defendant s motion for contempt. Both plaintiff and defendant appeal. II. Issues Plaintiff assigns as error the trial court s (1) failure to reduce, modify or eliminate plaintiff s child support and postseparation support payments and (2) holding plaintiff in contempt for his failure to pay defendant twenty percent and fifteen percent of the gross amount of his relocation expense of $5,769.24. Defendant assigns as error the trial court s denying, in part, her motion for contempt. III. Plaintiff s Assignments -4A. Motion To Reduce Support Payments Plaintiff contends that the trial court erred by failing to modify his child and post-separation support obligations. Plaintiff argues that no evidence supports a finding or conclusion that plaintiff was voluntarily unemployed. Plaintiff pursuant to sought G.S. § to reduce 50-13.7 and his We disagree. child his obligation pursuant to G.S. § 50-16.9. support obligation post-separation support Both statutes require plaintiff to show that there has been changed circumstances since the entry of the order. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.7 (2002); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-16.9 (2002). A change in circumstances must be shown by the party moving for the modification in order to modify an order for support or alimony. fact Rock v. Rock, 260 N.C. 223, 132 S.E.2d 342 (1963). that a husband s salary or income has been The reduced substantially does not automatically entitle him to a reduction. Medlin v. Medlin, 64 N.C. App. 600, 307 S.E.2d 591 (1983). The trial court may refuse to modify support and/or alimony on the basis of an individual s earning capacity instead of his actual income when the evidence presented to the trial court shows that a husband has disregarded his marital and parental obligations by: (1) failing to exercise his reasonable capacity to earn, (2) deliberately avoiding his family s financial responsibilities, (3) acting in deliberate disregard for his support obligations, (4) refusing to seek or to accept gainful employment, (5) wilfully refusing to secure or take a job, (6) deliberately not applying -5himself to his business, (7) intentionally depressing his income to an artificial low, or (8) intentionally leaving his employment to go into another business. Bowes v. Bowes, 287 N.C. 163, 171-72, 214 S.E.2d 40, 45 (1975) (citations omitted); see also Wachacha v. Wachacha, 38 N.C. App. 504, 507-08, 248 S.E.2d 375, 377-78 (1978). When the evidence shows that a party has acted in bad faith, the trial court may refuse to modify the support awards. Chused, 131 N.C. App. 668, 671, 508 S.E.2d 559, 561-62 Chused v. (1998). If a husband has acted in good faith that resulted in the reduction of his income, improper. application of the earnings capacity rule is Wachacha, 38 N.C. App. at 508, 248 S.E.2d at 377-78. See also Chused, 131 N.C. App. 668, 508 S.E.2d 559 (held no evidence that husband acted in bad faith by deliberately depressing his income, and the evidence was sufficient to prove husband was involuntarily terminated from his employment). The dispositive issue is whether a party is motivated by a desire to avoid his reasonable support obligations. To apply the earnings capacity rule, the trial court must have sufficient evidence of the proscribed intent. Wachacha, 38 N.C. App. at 508, 248 S.E.2d at 378 (quoting Sguros v. Sguros, 252 N.C. 408, 114 S.E.2d 79 (1960)). Here there is substantial evidence in the record and the trial court did not err by finding and concluding that the plaintiff disregarded his marital and parental obligations. The trial court found and concluded that: the change in the Plaintiff s employment circumstances in being terminated from [Tesa] -6and his continued unemployment were voluntarily effected by the Plaintiff in conscious and reckless disregard of his duty to provide support to his former wife and children as ordered by the Court in this action. (Emphasis supplied). The trial court supported this finding and conclusion with extensive findings of fact. Notwithstanding plaintiff s arguments, there is sufficient evidence in the record to show that his unemployment was voluntary. The trial court made the following findings of fact, which are supported by the evidence, concerning plaintiff s termination at Tesa: (1) upon being hired by Tesa, plaintiff insisted on renaming his bonus as a relocation expense that irritated his new employer, (2) plaintiff overinflated his expense reports, (3) plaintiff failed to disclose vital information about his bankruptcy which embarrassed his supervisor, (4) plaintiff made unreasonable demands about his business trips, and (5) all of plaintiff s actions with respect to his new job lead to an entirely predictable termination. This assignment of error is overruled. B. Trial Court s Order Holding Plaintiff In Contempt Plaintiff contends that the trial court erred when it held him in contempt for not paying defendant twenty percent and fifteen percent, respectively, of his $5,769.24 bonus or relocation expense. Plaintiff argues that the final order did not contemplate bonuses received from sources other than Shurtape. Alternatively, plaintiff argues that there is no evidence that his relocation expense was a bonus. We disagree. The trial court considered the percentages of the bonuses to -7be paid to defendant and found that Plaintiff acted in conscious and reckless disregard of his duty to provide support to the Defendant and the minor children as previously ordered by the Court in this action. the final We do not accept plaintiff s interpretation of order, which obligated plaintiff percentages of his bonuses to defendant. to pay certain The child support and post-separation support orders provided that: In addition to the foregoing monthly child [and post-separation] support obligation[s] of the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff shall, within ten (10) days from the date he receives any bonus from his employment in the future, pay . . . to the Defendant, the sum of twenty percent (20%)[and fifteen (15%)] of the gross amount of any and all future bonuses which he receives from his employment. (Emphasis supplied). There is nothing contained in these portions of the final order that Shurtape. restricts this provision to plaintiff s work at The provision applies to all future bonuses. After thorough review of the record, there is sufficient evidence to show that the money plaintiff received from Tesa upon hire was a bonus covered by the final order, and that plaintiff prevented defendant and his children from receiving it in accordance with the final order by wilfully re-labeling the bonus a relocation expense. IV. This assignment of error is overruled. Defendant s Assignments Defendant listed eight assignments of error in the record. All assignments abandoned. of error raised but not argued are deemed N.C.R. App. P. 28(b)(5)(2002). Defendant contends that the trial court erred by not finding -8plaintiff in contempt for willful failure to comply with the other provisions of the child support and post-separation support orders. We disagree. To find plaintiff in contempt, the trial court must find that (1) plaintiff failed to comply with the order, and (2) that plaintiff presently possesses the means to comply. Gorrell v. Gorrell, 264 N.C. 403, 141 S.E.2d 794 (1965). In proceedings in contempt the facts found by the judge are not reviewable by this court, except for the purpose of passing upon their sufficiency to warrant the judgment. Green v. Green, 130 N.C. 578, 578, 41 S.E. 784, 785 (1902). The trial court concluded that plaintiff was not in contempt by failing to pay his child support obligation in the amount of $1,129.00 per month and his separation support obligation in the amount of $609.00 per month. The trial court did not find that plaintiff had the ability to pay or that his failure to pay was willful concerning his fixed amount of child and post-separation support. This assignment of error is overruled. trial court is affirmed. Affirmed. Chief Judge EAGLES and Judge McGEE concur. The order of the
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
