State v. Bush

178 S.E.2d 313 (1970)

10 N.C. App. 247

STATE of North Carolina v. John Michael BUSH.

No. 704SC620.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

December 30, 1970.

Appeal Dismissed February 1, 1971.

*314 Atty. Gen. Robert Morgan, by Asst. Atty. Gen., Thomas B. Wood, for the State.

Jerry Paul, Greenville, for the defendant.

Appeal Dismissed by Supreme Court February 1, 1971.

BROCK, Judge.

Defendant assigns as error that the trial judge, on voir dire, would not allow defendant to cross-examine State's witness concerning the "circumstances surrounding the testimony given to the magistrate by the affiant in obtaining a search warrant." The record on appeal does not disclose that any question asked the State's witness was not allowed to be answered. True there was some discussion between defense counsel and the presiding judge concerning the nature of the cross-examination being conducted by defense counsel, and the presiding judge stated to defense counsel: "Mr. Godwin, let's stay within the bounds of reason and law." In response to this request Mr. Godwin answered: "All right, sir." But nowhere in the record on appeal is there any question propounded by defense counsel that was not answered. This assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant next assigns as error that "the trial judge erred in failing to allow the attorney for defendant to cite and argue a United States District Court case."

The following colloquy between the trial judge and defense counsel in the absence of the jury appears in the record on appeal:

"MR. PAUL: Your Honor, in light of your question that you directed to all the attorneys before we went into the question of the search warrant, the question about the word that the informant had been on the premises before and observed Michael Bush using narcotic drugs. I have here your Honor, a case written by Judge McMillan of the United States District Court * * * "THE COURT: That would not be authoritative to this Court, that is an inferior Court and I do not wish to hear anything from that Court. I am sorry."

We perceive no error in the ruling. The record on appeal does not disclose what question of law defense counsel sought to argue; but, in any event it is the final ruling of the judge upon the question of law that should be the subject of exception by defendant, not what argument of counsel the judge allowed or did not allow. This assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant assigns as error that "the trial court erred in making a ruling that the magistrate could not go beyond the sworn affidavit as a matter of law." The following appears in the record on appeal:

"(At this point Mr. Paul argued the question as applied to search and seizure.) THE COURT: All she had to do was look at the affidavit, there is no obligation on her to go beyond the sworn affidavit"

*315 The foregoing was a continuation of argument of defense counsel, in the absence of the jury, upon defendant's motion to suppress the evidence obtained by search. Again we perceive no error in the trial judge making the statement to which defendant assigns error. Argument upon whether the judge's statement is a correct statement of the law is only an exercise in academics. The mental process by which a trial judge arrives at his ruling on a question of law is not the subject of exceptions and assignments of error. The basic question of law before Judge Copeland was a ruling upon defendant's motion to suppress the evidence; and it was his ruling upon this motion which should be the basis for defendant's exception and assignment of error. This assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant next assigns as error that the trial judge denied his motion to suppress the evidence. When the motion was made the trial judge removed the jury from the courtroom and conducted an extensive voir dire. This was the proper procedure to follow. State v. Basden, 8 N.C.App. 401, 174 S.E.2d 613.

The affidavit attached to the search warrant reads as follows:

"Wade Anders, S.B.I. being duly sworn and examined under oath, says that he John Michael Bush, alias John B. Michael has in his possession and on his premises narcotic drugs, to wit: LSD, Hashish and Marijuana, in violation of the North Carolina law. These illegally possessed narcotic drugs are located on his premises, a mobile home, Lot X, Old Pine Trailer Park, Rt. 1, Jacksonville described as follows: a mobile home, color white and green located on Lot X, Old Pine Tr. Pk., Rt. 1, Jacksonville, N. C. The facts which establish reasonable grounds for issuance of a search warrant are as follows: This agent has received information from a confidential informant, who has in the past given information resulting in the arrest and conviction of Narcotic Cases. The informant advises that he has observed and used Narcotic Drugs at the home of John Michael Bush alias John B. Michael Lot X Old Pine Tr. Pk. Rt. 1, Jacksonville, N. C. The informant advises that a large quantity of Narcotic Drugs will be located at John Michael Bush alias John B. Michael Lot X Old Pine Tr. Pk. Rt. 1, Jacksonville, N. C. The subject John Michael Bush alias John B. Michael is a known Narcotic Dealer and user of Narcotic Drugs. The subject John Michael Bush alias John B. Michael has in the past been arrested and convicted of Narcotic Violations."

The affidavit and search warrant are dated 4 February 1970, therefore G.S. § 15-26 is applicable. See concurring opinion by Graham, J., in State v. Milton, 7 N.C.App. 425, at 430, 173 S.E.2d 60, at 63. We hold that the foregoing affidavit sufficiently indicates the basis for a finding of probable cause and supports the finding of probable cause made by the magistrate.

In this case the search warrant describes with reasonable certainty the premises to be searched and the contraband for which the search is to be made. G.S. § 15-26(a). The affidavit attached to the warrant indicates the basis for a finding of probable cause. G.S. § 15-26(b). The warrant is signed by a magistrate and bears the date and hour of its issuance. G.S. § 15-26(c). Therefore the affidavit and warrant meet the statutory requirements. In our opinion they also satisfy the requirements of the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. cf. State v. Milton, 7 N.C.App. 425, 173 S.E.2d 60. This assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant further assigns as error two portions of the judge's charge to the jury; each relates to the judge's explanation of constructive possession and control. When the charge is read in context, as it *316 must be, we hold that it fairly and accurately presents the case to the jury. These assignments of error are overruled.

No error.

MORRIS and VAUGHN, JJ., concur.