THE NATURE USA CORPORATION v. ZHONGGANG WANG,
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-1551-19T3
THE NATURE USA
CORPORATION and
KRIEGER GLOBAL, LIMITED,
Plaintiffs-Respondents,
v.
ZHONGGANG WANG, Individually
and as a Former Officer and Director
of Plaintiff THE NATURE USA
CORPORATION, A&E AMERICA
INC., CABINET DEPOT INC.,
EVERGREEN CABINETRY, and
ZEN CABINETRY, LLC,
Defendants-Appellants.
_______________________________
Submitted October 21, 2020 – Decided December 23, 2020
Before Judges Fuentes and Whipple.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Middlesex County, Docket No. L-4109-17.
Susan C. Warnock, attorney for appellants.
Foley & Lardner, LLP, attorneys for respondents (Anne
B. Sekel, on the briefs).
PER CURIAM
Defendants Zhonggang Wang, A&E America Inc., Cabinet Depot, Inc.,
Evergreen Cabinetry, and Zen Cabinetry, LLC, appeal from a November 8, 2019
Law Division order denying their motion to vacate a default judgment entered
against defendants on July 18, 2018.
Wang was a director and president of plaintiff Nature USA Corporation
(Nature USA), a business that sells cabinetry imported from China. According
to plaintiffs' complaint, Nature USA was incorporated on May 28, 2014, when
Krieger Global Limited (Krieger) formed a shareholder agreement with
defendant A&E America Inc. (A&E America) to govern Nature USA. Krieger
was the majority shareholder of Nature USA. A&E America's board of directors
voted Wang as CEO of Nature USA.
The relationship between Wang and plaintiffs quickly deteriorated.
Plaintiffs allege that Wang misappropriated over $3 million in inventory and
made over 670 self-dealing sales to companies that he either directed or owned.
Plaintiffs fired Wang on August 19, 2016.
After further efforts to resolve their disputes were unsuccessful, plaintiffs
filed a complaint on July 7, 2017, against Wang, A&E America, Cabinet Depot,
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Evergreen Cabinetry, Zen Cabinetry, and twenty-five unidentified corporate
entities alleging various counts for breach of contract, unjust enrichment, action
on account, breach of fiduciary duty, negligence, fraud, trespass to chattels, and
civil conspiracy. The complaint was properly served on all known defendants.
All defendants failed to appear, and plaintiffs moved for and secured entry
of judgment by default granted on March 2, 2018. The court ordered a plenary
hearing on damages. Two months later, the trial court sent notice to all known
parties of a hearing on damages scheduled for June 5, 2018. The hearing was
rescheduled for July 17, 2018, and all known parties received notice. Following
the hearing, the trial court entered a final default judgment on July 18, 2018, for
$5,741,294.99 plus interest, which was served on all defendants except for the
unidentified corporate entities.
Subsequently, plaintiffs sought to domesticate the judgment in New York
and served Wang and A&E America with notice in September 2018. On
September 24, 2018, plaintiffs filed an information subpoena to enforce the
default judgment. A hearing on the New York domestication was scheduled for
November 13, 2018. Wang and A&E America received notice of a change of
return date on November 2, 2018. Defendants' counsel attended the hearing but
refused to enter an appearance on the record and sought an adjournment.
A-1551-19T3
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On September 12, 2019, fourteen months after default judgment was
entered and ten months after the New York hearing, defendants moved to vacate
the default judgment under Rule 4:50-1 and included a proposed answer to
plaintiffs' complaint as well as counterclaims. Defendants' explanation for this
delay was that their lawyer is a "solo practitioner with limited resources."
In support of their motion, defendants claimed excusable neglect under
Rule 4:50-1(a) and exceptional circumstances under Rule 4:50-1(f).
Specifically, defendants argued that the death of their lawyer's brother made it
impossible for her to serve as counsel, she directed defendants to obtain other
representation, defendants sought new counsel who never responded to
plaintiffs, and that defendants were confused because plaintiffs continued to
solicit business from them.
Defendants acknowledged that their motion for excusable neglect was
filed past the one-year deadline under Rule 4:50-2 but claim that their motion
was filed only one day late, on September 12, 2019, because the default
judgment was entered on September 11, 2018. Defendants further asserted that
their counsel had "issues with [her] scanner and Adobe Acrobat program," which
delayed the filing of the motion until September 12, 2019.
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The trial court denied the motion as time barred by Rule 4:50-2, which
requires certain motions to vacate default judgments to be filed within one year
of the entry of a default judgment, and determined that the motion under
subsections (a) and (f) of Rule 4:50-1 failed on the merits. Addressing both
grounds for vacating the default judgment, the court explained:
[H]ere the document[ary] record [establishes] that
defendant Wang was on notice of the pending actions
against him during the course of the litigation.
Plaintiffs continued to serve both he and his former
counsel Ms. Warnock with papers. There is nothing to
evidence the fact that defendant Wang ever retained
other counsel, and that other counsel did anything that
would constitute excusable neglect. The extended
delay between the entry of the default judgement and
the filing of the instant [m]otion, while more than over
a year has passed, and furtherss that due to the
domestication proceeding in New York established that
defendant Wang was aware of the proceedings, but only
sought to stop that one [m]otion and then wait almost
an additional ten months before filing the instant
motion.
Further[,] it's clear that the standard or factual
basis which is argued by movant has been addressed,
and has not been accepted by the court in terms of the
court's adjudicating that carelessness of an attorney
doesn't meet an excusable neglect standard.
Particularly when both here client and attorney did not
exhibit due diligence along with any mistake. And
here, because of the notice as well as the appearance
that the movant simply neglected to act and . . . has not
met the standard for excusable neglect.
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Finally, the trial court noted that plaintiffs would be prejudiced if defendants'
motion were granted, because plaintiffs would have to "renew their litigation
now years after the initial filing."
This appeal followed. Defendants argue the trial court abused its
discretion in denying the motion to vacate the default judgment because they
demonstrated exceptional circumstances. We disagree and affirm.
Rule 4:50-1 permits a party to motion to vacate a default judgment.
Generally, "[a] motion under Rule 4:50-1 is addressed to the sound discretion of
the trial court, which should be guided by equitable principles in determining
whether relief should be granted or denied." Hous. Auth. of the Town of
Morristown v. Little, 135 N.J. 274, 283 (1994). A motion to vacate a default
judgment should be liberally granted to the extent that justice requires. State of
Maine v. SeKap, S.A. Greek Co-op. Cigarette Mfg., S.A., 392 N.J. Super. 227,
240 (App. Div. 2007).
We review the disposition of a motion to vacate a default judgment for
abuse of discretion and will not disturb a trial court's decision absent a "clear
abuse of discretion." Carrington Mortg. Servs., LLC v. Moore, ___ N.J. Super.
___, ___ (slip op. at 4) (App. Div. 2020). A trial court commits an abuse of
discretion "when a decision is 'made without a rational explanation, inexplicably
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departed from established policies, or rested on an impermissible basis.'" US
Bank Nat'l Ass'n v. Guillaume, 209 N.J. 449, 467 (2012) (quoting Iliadis v. Wal-
Mart Stores, Inc., 191 N.J. 88, 123 (2007)). We must reverse where the trial
court gives insufficient deference to the principles governing a motion to vacate
a default judgment. Davis v. DND/Fidoreo, Inc., 317 N.J. Super. 92, 100-01
(App. Div. 1998). However, the question of whether a motion is time barred is
a legal question of law subject to de novo review. Cf. Cumberland Cty. Bd. of
Chosen Freeholders v. Vitetta Grp., P.C., 431 N.J. Super. 596, 603 (App. Div.
2013) (noting that the application of a statute of limitations is subject to de novo
review).
Motions to vacate default judgments under Rules 4:50-1(a)-(c) must be
filed within one year of the entry of the default judgment. R. 4:50-2. Such
motions made under Rules 4:50-1(d)-(f) must be filed within a "reasonable
time." R. 4:50-2.
Defendants offer no palatable explanation as to how the trial court abused
its discretion. To reach its decision, the trial court applied Rule 4:50-1 in
evaluating the merits of defendants' motion considering the repeated service of
defendants and defense counsel throughout the proceedings; defense counsel's
physical appearance at the New York domestication hearing; and the lack of
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supporting documentation for defendants' claim that — following the death of
defense counsel's brother — they supposedly retained new counsel who failed
to take any action in the case.
Moreover, defendants presented no exceptional circumstances. Courts
vacate default judgments under Rule 4:50-1(f) "sparingly" and only to prevent
"grave injustice." Cmty. Realty Mgmt., Inc. v. Harris, 155 N.J. 212, 237 (1998).
Courts primarily consider four factors: "(1) the extent of the delay in making
the application; (2) the underlying reason or cause; (3) the fault or blamelessness
of the litigant; and (4) the prejudice that would accrue to the other party." Parker
v. Marcus, 281 N.J. Super. 589, 593 (App. Div. 1995); see also Aujero v. Cirelli,
110 N.J. 566, 577 (1988) (approving of this framework, although not outright
adopting it). Exceptional circumstances justifying the vacatur of a default
judgment have been found in various circumstances, none of which are
analogous to the present matter.
Contrary to the defendants' claims of confusion, misunderstanding, or
error by counsel, the record strongly suggests that defendants sat idly as
plaintiffs pursued a default judgment.
Affirmed.
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