BAILLIE v ROLLINS

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No. 12704 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA WARREN BAILLIE, Plaintiff and Appellant, J. W. ROLLINS, an individual, and BURLINGTON NORTHERN, INC., a corporation, Defendants and Respondents. Appeal from: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District, Honorable R J. Nelson, Judge presiding. . Counsel of Record : For Appellant : McKittrick and Duffy, Great Falls, Montana Joseph W. Duffy argued, Great Falls, Montana For Respondents : Gough, Booth, Shanahan and Johnson, Helena, Montana Ronald F. Waterman argued, Helena, Montana Submitted: November 18, 1974 Decided: 1974 Chief J u s t i c e James T . H a r r i s o n d e l i v e r e d t h e Opinion o f t h e Court. Mr. On August 1 0 , 1970 p l a i n t i f f - a p p e l l a n t Warren B a i l l i e f i l e d s u i t a g a i n s t defendants-respondents Burlington-Northern, Inc., a c o r p o r a t i o n o p e r a t i n g a r a i l w a y i n Montana, and J . W. R o l l i n s , an i n d i v i d u a l employed by B u r l i n g t o n - N o r t h e r n . c o m p l a i n t was couched i n two s e p a r a t e c o u n t s . The The f i r s t c o u n t was a d d r e s s e d p r i m a r i l y a g a i n s t B u r l i n g t o n - N o r t h e r n and i n s u b s t a n c e made t h e s e a l l e g a t i o n s : T h a t p r i o r t o August 1 0 , 1970 B a i l l i e was employed by B u r l i n g t o n - N o r t h e r n a s a r a i l r o a d p a t r o l m a n s t a t i o n e d i n L i v i n g s t o n , Montana; t h a t h e w a s a l s o commissioned a s a s p e c i a l d e p u t y s h e r i f f of P a r k County; and t h a t he performed s e r v i c e s f o r B u r l i n g t o n - N o r t h e r n f o r s i x y e a r s , b u t t h a t on August 1 0 , 1970 t h e r a i l r o a d , t h r o u g h i t s a g e n t s and w i t h o u t j u s t c a u s e , t e r m i n a t e d h i s employment c o n t r a c t , d i s c h a r g e d him, and r e f u s e d t o r e h i r e him. was a d d r e s s e d p r i m a r i l y a g a i n s t R o l l i n s . The second c o u n t After realleging the employment r e l a t i o n s h i p between B a i l l i e and B u r l i n g t o n - N o r t h e r n , t h i s count a l l e g e d t h a t R o l l i n s , while a c t i n g within t h e course and s c o p e o f h i s employment, m a l i c i o u s l y c a u s e d B u r l i n g t o n N o r t h e r n t o t e r m i n a t e B a i l l i e ' s c o n t r a c t of employment. Damages f o r l o s t wages, f u t u r e wage l o s s e s , g e n e r a l damages, and p u n i t i v e damages were s o u g h t from b o t h d e f e n d a n t s . On September 1 8 , 1973 d e f e n d a n t s f i l e d a motion t o d i s - m i s s on t h e g r o u n d s , among o t h e r s , t h a t t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t l a c k e d j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r t h e s u b j e c t matter b e c a u s e t h e same had been preempted by f e d e r a l law. The r e c o r d b e f o r e t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t c o n s i s t e d e x c l u s i v e l y of p l a i n t i f f ' s c o m p l a i n t , d e f e n d a n t s ' m o t i o n , and s u p p o r t i n g b r i e f s . A f t e r c o n s i d e r i n g t h e s e documents, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t on December 1 9 , 1973 s u s t a i n e d t h e motion t o d i s m i s s and o r d e r e d t h e a c t i o n d i s m i s s e d w i t h p r e j u d i c e . a p p e a l s from t h e judgment e n t e r e d p u r s u a n t t o t h i s o r d e r . Baillie The r e s p e c t i v e p o s i t i o n s of t h e p a r t i e s t o t h i s a p p e a l c a n be f a i r l y summarized a s f o l l o w s : Defendants contend t h a t t h i s i s a l a b o r d i s p u t e between a n e m p l o y e r - r a i l r o a d and a n employee and t h e r e f o r e i s e x c l u s i v e l y w i t h i n t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n of t h e N a t i o n a l R a i l r o a d Adjustment Board (NRAB) under t h e prov i s i o n s of t h e Railway Labor A c t , 4 5 U.S.C.A. SS 151 e t seq. B a i l l i e , however, m a i n t a i n s t h a t t h e second c o u n t of h i s comp l a i n t a l l e g e s a t o r t i o u s i n t e r f e r e n c e by R o l l i n s , a t h i r d - p a r t y n o t p r i v y t o t h e c o n t r a c t , i n t h e c o n t r a c t u a l r e l a t i o n s between B a i l l i e and B u r l i n g t o n - N o r t h e r n , and t h a t t o r t a c t i o n s a r e o u t - s i d e t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n of t h e NRAB. The numerous a n n o t a t e d c a s e s under 4 5 U.S.C.A. S 153, wherein t h e NRAB d e r i v e s i t s a u t h o r i t y , have c o n s t r u e d t h i s s e c t i o n of t h e Railway Labor Act t o mean t h a t t h e NRAB h a s exc l u s i v e j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r minor d i s p u t e s i n v o l v i n g i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s o r c o n t r a c t s between employees and r a i l r o a d s . S e e , f o r example, S o u t h e r n Ry. Co. v. Brotherhood o f Locomotive Firemen, 337 F.2d 127 ( 1 9 6 4 ) and Brotherhood of R a i l r o a d T r a i n . v . Denver c e r t i o r a r i d e n i e d 366 U.S. r e h e a r i n g d e n i e d 368 U.S. & R. G. W. R. Co., 290 F.2d 266 ( 1 9 6 1 ) , 966, 6 L ed 2d 1256, 8 1 S.Ct. 873, 7 L e d 2d 7 3 , 82 S.Ct. 1925, 28. Such d i s p u t e s i n c l u d e c l a i m s f o r wrongful removal from s e r v i c e . v . Railway E x p r e s s Agency, I n c . , 296 F.2d 847 ( 1 9 6 1 ) . Ferro The d i s - p o s i t i o n of t h e p r e s e n t c a s e , t h e n , h i n g e s upon t h e answer t o one q u e s t i o n : Does B a i l l i e ' s c o m p l a i n t sound i n c o n t r a c t o r i n tort? On i t s f a c e t h e f i r s t c o u n t of t h e c o m p l a i n t sounds i n contract. There s i m p l y i s no way t o r e a d i t e x c e p t a s a n a l l e - g a t i o n of wrongful d i s c h a r g e , which by i t s n a t u r e must be a c o n t r a c t u a l breach. Concerning t h e second c o u n t , aill lie u r g e s t h a t t h e t o r t of i n t e r f e r e n c e w i t h c o n t r a c t has been a l l e g e d and insists that the district court erred in failing to distinguish between the second count and the first. We could not disagree more, for the second count so contradicts itself as to be rendered meaningless. For instance, it is said that Rollins, in doing whatever he did to Baillie, acted within the course and scope of his employment with Burlington-Northern. We must note here that it is fundamental that a corporation can act only through its employees and officers, and the allegation in effect is directed to Burlington-Northern, not to Rollins individually. To charge the agent of the corporation is to charge the corporation. Then all that remains is an allegation that a party to a contract--Burlington-Northern--tortiously interfered with its own contract. Different issues would be presented had other torts, such as conversion or libel, been alleged, or had Rollins truly been sued in his own right, but they are not before us here. From the foregoing it is manifest that this controversy is of the type Congress intended to be resolved only by the NRAB. The state courts lack jurisdiction over it; consequently, the judgment of the district dourt must be and is affi$med. Chief Justice

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