Jonathan Hardin v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 96-CA-01004-SCT
JONATHAN HARDIN
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
08/27/96
HON. C. E. MORGAN, III
WINSTON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
PRO SE
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: ROGER W. WILLIAMS
KEVIN HORAN
CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
AFFIRMED - 12/08/97
12/31/97
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., SMITH AND MILLS, JJ.
SULLIVAN, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
This appeal arises from the denial of Mr. Hardin's motion for post-conviction relief by the Circuit
Court of Winston County on August 27, 1996. The circuit court denied the motion based on the
motion itself and the transcript of the sentencing proceedings, as there was no evidentiary hearing
conducted. We agree there is no doubt that there is any validity to either claim, and therefore Hardin
is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Mr. Hardin was indicted on two separate counts, Count I: Rape pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 97-365 (1) and Count II: Aggravated Assault pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-7 (2) (a). On
November 10, 1995, Hardin appeared with retained counsel before the Circuit Court and entered a
plea of guilty to the charges of sexual battery and aggravated assault. After a thorough exchange
between the Court and Hardin, the Court found the plea to be freely and voluntarily given, and that
there was a factual basis for the plea, therefore Hardin's guilty plea was accepted by the Court.
Hardin was sentenced by an order dated November 10, 1995, to a term of thirty years for sexual
battery and five years for aggravated assault, with said terms to be served consecutively at the
Mississippi Department of Corrections.
Hardin's motion for post-conviction relief filed on July 9, 1996, claiming that his guilty plea was
involuntarily entered as result of his attorney's ineffective assistance of counsel, was denied by Judge
Morgan on August 27, 1996. It is from that order that Mr. Hardin appeals.
STATEMENT OF THE LAW
I. INVOLUNTARINESS OF THE GUILTY PLEA
In order for a guilty plea to truly be voluntary, the defendant must have been informed of all the
consequences as set out under Rule 8.04 of the Uniform Rules of Circuit and County Court Practice.
This rule states in pertinent part:
Advice to the Defendant. When the defendant is arraigned and wishes to plead guilty to the
offense charged, it is the duty of the trial court to address the defendant personally and to
inquire and determine:
a. That the accused is competent to understand the nature of the charge;
b. That the accused understands the nature and consequences of the plea, and the maximum and
minimum penalties provided by law;
URCCC 8.04(A)(4)(a)&(b).. This Court has explained that a defendant must be informed of all
relevant facts and circumstances in order to make a voluntary, intelligent, informed decision where a
plea of guilty can be enforced. Vittitoe v. State, 556 So. 2d 1062 (Miss. 1990). This required
information includes the consequences in the sentencing phase that might result from the guilty plea.
Schmitt v. State, 560 So. 2d 148, 153 (Miss. 1990) (quoting Gilliard v. State, 462 So. 2d 710, 712
(Miss. 1985)).
Hardin claims that his guilty plea was involuntary because, as he alleges, he was not fully advised as
to the effect and consequences of the penalty of the sexual battery charge against him, namely that his
sentence would be required as "calendar years" as opposed to "thirty years." Hardin relies on Vittitoe
v. State and Rule 8.04 of the Uniform Criminal Rules of Circuit and County Court Practice for the
proposition that his guilty plea is unenforceable. In Vittitoe, this Court held that guilty pleas made
with ignorance of a mandatory minimum sentence are unenforceable. 556 So. 2d at 1065. Hardin
asserts that he was unaware that he would have to serve the sentence for sexual battery without the
possibility of parole or probation, that his sentence required "calendar years" as opposed to "thirty
years."
This argument would have merit if the transcript of entry of his guilty plea did not reveal otherwise.
However, based on the following excerpts from that transcript, it is clear that Hardin's assertion is
without merit.
BY THE COURT: Did you explain to him the elements of the crime, the crimes for which he is
charged, what the State would have to prove in order to convict him of theses charges, and what
possible defenses he might have?
BY MR. BURDINE: Yes, sir; I did.
BY THE COURT: Did you explain to him the minimum and maximum sentence available on each
charge?
BY MR. BURDINE: I did, Your Honor.
BY THE COURT: Do you think his change of plea here today is a free and voluntary act on his part?
BY MR. BURDINE: Yes, sir; I do.
BY THE COURT: All right, do you understand the related offense of sexual battery -- it is my
understanding that you don't intend, that your intention is not to plead to rape but to sexual battery
and aggravated assault; is that correct?
BY MR. HORAN: That's right.
By MR. BURDINE: That's correct.
BY THE COURT: Is that your understanding, Mr. Hardin?
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.
BY THE COURT: All right, do you understand that there is no minimum sentence for the sexual
battery charge, but there is a maximum of thirty years?
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yeah.
BY THE COURT: Do you understand that nobody can guarantee you any early release, probation or
parole in this matter? As a matter of fact, you will not be eligible for that, and that if you-- whatever
sentence you receive, you will have to serve a day for a day or a full term for it. Do you understand
that?
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.
After Hardin's guilty plea was accepted by the court, but at the same hearing, the following exchange
occurred that is relevant to this appeal:
BY MR. HORAN: Your honor, during the course of plea negotiations, I talked with Mr. Burdine
about the fact that this was a sex crime, and the law changed in 1993, that unless the parole law is
changed some way in the future, that they will be, in fact, calendar years as to the thirty years. There
is some question as to the five years on the aggravated assault that are consecutive. I think for the
record I would to ask Mr.-BY THE COURT: Because of the nature of the crime, and I think I did ask him that. I think I did
that, Mr. Horan.
BY MR. HORAN: Oh, did you?
BY THE COURT: Mr. Hardin, you understand that the thirty years is likely without any, without any
reduction of sentence, that you would have to serve the whole thirty years?
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
BY MR. BURDINE: Mr. Hardin-BY THE COURT: --And the five years - excuse me, Mr. Burdine. The five years may be subject to
some reduction in that sentence.
BY MR. BURDINE: Did you understand what the Judge just said?
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yeah.
BY MR. BURDINE: On the record would you affirm that we did, we have discussed that prior to
coming before the Court?
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
BY THE COURT: He stated yes.
BY THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
BY THE COURT: Okay, that will be the sentence of the Court.
The lower court properly denied Hardin's claims based on this transcript. Although there is not a per
se rule that prohibits collateral attack on the voluntariness of a plea based solely on the transcript,
"'Solemn declarations in open court carry a strong presumption of verity.'" Baker v. State, 358 So.
2d 401, 403 (Miss. 1978) (quoting Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63 (1977)). "There should be a
strong presumption of validity of anyone's statement under oath." Mowdy v. State, 638 So. 2d 738,
743 (Miss. 1994). In accordance with the above excerpted statements from the transcript, it is clear
that Hardin was well aware of the sentence which he faced. In addition, other than trying to confuse
this Court as to what the transcript actually revealed, Hardin is unable to assert any independent facts
that would support his claim.
He did try to supplement the record to add his Petition to Enter a Plea of Guilty , however this
request was overruled. Hardin did not raise this issue on appeal but inserted the documents in an
appendi to his brief. Even when looking at the Petition, there is no independent support for his
allegation that he was unaware of the recommended sentence. Also, Hardin is mistaken that he was
given a mandatory sentence. The time to be served is determined by Mississippi Code of 1972 which
states, "Any person who shall have been convicted of a sex crime shall not be released on parole
except for a person under the age of nineteen (19) who has been convicted under Section 97-3-67."
Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-3(1) (b) (Supp. 1997). Hardin even confirmed, on the record, that his
attorney had previously informed him that he would not be eligible for parole with respect to the
sexual battery conviction and sentence. This claim is without merit.
II. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
In order to establish an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, Hardin must satisfy the two-pronged
test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) and adopted by this Court in
Stringer v. State, 454 So. 2d 468 (Miss. 1984). Hardin must show: (1) that counsel's performance
was deficient, and (2) that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Stringer, 454 So. 2d at
477. This standard is also applicable in the present appeal because this Court has explained that
challenges to guilty pleas, based on ineffective assistance of counsel, are to be evaluated under the
same two-part test. Coleman v. State, 483 So. 2d 680, 683 (Miss. 1986); Roland v. State, 666 So.
2d 747, 750 (Miss. 1995) The defendant has the burden of satisfing both prongs of the test. Edwards
v. State, 615 So. 2d 590, 596 (Miss. 1993).
The State asserts that Hardin failed to make any specific allegations of ineffective assistance of
counsel in his motion for post-conviction relief. The judge also found that Hardin had not made any
specific allegation as to the facts on which he alleged counsel's representation was ineffective.
However, when reading the motion for post-conviction relief, although inartfully drafted, one could
argue that Hardin did specifically allege a failure to investigate. In his brief, Hardin asserts that his
retained counsel was deficient in that he 1.) failed to conduct an investigation into a possible defense
prior to allowing him to plead guilty 2.) failed to ascertain that there was insufficient factual basis for
the plea of guilty pursuant to the crime of rape, 3.) failed to object and allowed him to be convicted
and sentenced on pleas of guilty that were not the product of his own accord and free will and 4.)
failed to advise him of the penalty pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-3 (1)(a).
As to the alleged deficiencies numbered (3) and (4), they have been fully addressed and are entirely
without merit. Hardin's eligibility for parole is controlled by Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-3 (1)(b) and not
(1)(a) as Hardin asserts in his brief. As to the alleged deficiency numbered (2), Hardin did not enter a
guilty plea to rape but instead entered a guilty plea to the offense of sexual battery and aggravated
assault. Furthermore, the transcript of the entry of the guilty plea reveals that Hardin did not disagree
to any of the facts the State asserted as the basis for the charges. If there is no deficient performance,
then there can be no prejudice to the defendant, and therefore no valid claim for ineffective assistance
of counsel. The only assertion that requires further discussion is that counsel failed to investigate a
possible defense to the crime of rape.
Even if it were true that counsel's performance was deficient in failing to investigate a possible
defense to the crime of rape, Hardin was not prejudiced by it when he entered his guilty plea to
sexual battery. This Court, quoting Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 58 (1985), explained in pertinent
part:
In many guilty plea cases, the "prejudice" inquiry will closely resemble the inquiry engaged in by
courts reviewing ineffective assistance challenges to convictions obtained through trial. For
example, where the alleged error of counsel is a failure to investigate or discover potentially
exculpatory evidence, the determination whether the error "prejudiced" the defendant by
causing him to plead guilty rather than go to trial will depend on the likelihood that discovery of
the evidence would have led counsel to change his recommendation as to the plea. This
assessment, in turn, will depend in large part on a prediction whether the evidence likely would
have changed the outcome of trial....
Mowdy, 638 So. 2d at 742.
The basis for Hardin's allegation is not even in the record. Hardin tried to supplement the record with
two affidavits. The trial court overruled his motion to supplement the record based on the fact that
neither affidavit was in existence as of the date of the defendant's guilty plea. Regardless of this
denial, Hardin attached these affidavits to his brief as an appendi. Since the affidavits do not appear in
the record, this Court "'may not act upon or consider matters which do not appear in the record and
must confine itself to what actually does appear in the record.'" Ditto v. Hinds County, 665 So. 2d
878, 880 (Miss. 1995) (quoting Shelton v. Kindred, 279 So.2d 642, 644 (Miss.1973)); St. Louis
Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Lewis, 230 So.2d 580, 583 (Miss.1970) (statements of facts found within
briefs of counsel will not be considered unless also shown by record); Moore v. White, 161 Miss.
390, 394, 137 So. 99, 100 (1931) (Court will not act upon material matters which chancellor did not
have opportunity to judge).
Nevertheless, even if the affidavits should have been allowed to supplement the record since they had
bearing on counsel's performance, they would not affect the decision that Hardin was not prejudiced
by the alleged failure to investigate. The transcript of the entry of Hardin's guilty plea stated that
Hardin was unsuccessful in his attempt to engage in sexual intercourse but he was successful in
engaging in digital penetration of the victim's vagina as well as oral penetration. The State also based
the aggravated assault charge on the fact that Hardin cut the victim's throat and stabbed her in the
back. Hardin did not disagree with any of these facts. Sexual assault is a lesser included offense of
rape and the facts as admitted by Hardin in open court are sufficient to establish such charge. If
Hardin had proceeded to trial, even considering the affidavits , it is unlikely the outcome would have
been different. Therefore, Hardin is unable to prove that, even if his counsel failed to investigate and
interview this witness, this deficiency prejudiced him. Hardin did not receive ineffective assistance of
counsel.
III. EVIDENTIARY HEARING
Finally, Hardin claims that the circuit court should have conducted an evidentiary hearing concerning
his claims. The relevant statute states, "If it plainly appears from the face of the motion, any annexed
exhibits and the prior proceedings in the case that the movant is not entitled to any relief, the judge
may make an order for its dismissal and cause the prisoner to be notified." Miss. Code Ann. § 99-3911 (2) (1994). This is exactly what the lower court followed when it denied the motion for postconviction relief. Hardin's statements under oath completely refute his present allegations. The
thoroughness with which Hardin was interrogated by the court when he entered his plea was the most
significant piece of evidence for the circuit court to consider in denying his claim. This Court,
explaining when an evidentiary hearing is required and when it is not, stated:
We adhere to the principle that a post-conviction relief petition which meets basic pleading
requirements is sufficient to mandate an evidentiary hearing unless it appears beyond doubt
that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to
relief.
Robertson v. State, 669 So. 2d 11, 13 (Miss. 1996) (emphasis added) (quoting Harveston v. State,
597 So. 2d 641, 643 (Miss. 1992)).
In the instant case, Hardin does not even present an affidavit in support of his claims, and his
previous statements in open court expose his present claims as nothing more than a "'sham', thus
allowing the summary dismissal of the petition to stand." Smith v. State, 636 So. 2d 1220, 1224
(Miss. 1994) Hardin's allegation that he was not informed about his ineligibility for parole for the
conviction of sexual assault is belied by the transcript of the entry of his guilty plea. The Court
explained to him on two separate occasions that he would not be eligible for parole with respect to
the sexual battery conviction and sentence, once before the plea was accepted by the court and once
after the plea was accepted but during the same hearing.
This Court has quoted the United States Supreme Court, stating:
What is at stake for an accused facing death or imprisonment demands the utmost solicitude of
which courts are capable in canvassing the matter with the accused to make sure he has a full
understanding of what the plea connotes and if its consequences. When the judge discharges
that function, he leaves a record adequate for any review that may be later sought ... and
forestalls the spin-off of collateral proceedings that seek to probe murky memories.
Smith v. State, 636 So. 2d at 1225 (emphasis original) (quoting Wilson v. State, 577 So. 2d 394,
397 (Miss. (1991) (quoting Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243-244 (1969)). In the case sub
judice the trial judge did discharge his duty and left a thorough transcript which leaves no doubt as to
the voluntariness of Hardin's guilty plea. Accordingly, Hardin is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing
since he is not entitled to any relief.
LOWER COURT'S DENIAL OF POST CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
PRATHER, P.J., PITTMAN, BANKS, McRAE, ROBERTS, SMITH AND MILLS, JJ.,
CONCUR. LEE, C.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY.
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