Johnny Howard Garrett v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 96-CA-00839-SCT
JOHNNY HOWARD GARRETT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
01/19/96
HON. GRAY EVANS
LEFLORE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
PRO SE
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: SCOTT STUART
JOYCE CHILES
CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
AFFIRMED - 10/23/97
11/13/97
BEFORE DAN LEE, C.J., PITTMAN AND MILLS, JJ.
PITTMAN, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
Johnny Howard Garrett ("Garrett") was indicted by the Leflore County Grand Jury on February 3,
1995, of two counts of aggravated assault, one count of kidnaping, and one count of rape. On
February 27, 1995, Garrett pleaded guilty to all counts in the Circuit Court of Leflore County before
Hon. Gray Evans. On January 2, 1996, Garrett filed a Petition for Post-Conviction Collateral Relief
pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-1, et. seq. In his petition, Garrett alleged that the indictment by
which he was charged was defective. Judge Evans entered an order denying relief to Garrett on
January 19, 1996. Judge Evans found that Garrett's allegations were without merit. He also found
that by the entry of his guilty pleas, Garrett had waived any deficiencies in the indictment. Garrett
filed his Notice of Appeal on February 20, 1996. He assigns the following as error:
I. THE FORM OF THE INDICTMENT FAILED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS
OF RULE 2.05 OF THE UNIFORM CRIMINAL RULES OF CIRCUIT COURT
PRACTICE.
II. THE INDICTMENT DID NOT COMPLY WITH ARTICLE 6, SECTION 169 OF
THE MISSISSIPPI CONSTITUTION OF 1890.
DISCUSSION OF LAW
I. THE FORM OF THE INDICTMENT FAILED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS
OF RULE 2.05 OF THE UNIFORM CRIMINAL RULES OF CIRCUIT COURT
PRACTICE.
Rule 2.05 of the Uniform Criminal Rules of Circuit Court Practice, which was in effect at the time
Garrett pleaded guilty to the charges states, in pertinent part:
An indictment shall also include the following:
(1) The name of the accused;
(2) The date on which the indictment was filed in each court;
(3) A statement that the prosecution is brought in the name and by the authority of the State of
Mississippi;
(4) The county and judicial district in which the indictment is brought;
(5) The date and if applicable the time, on which the offense was alleged to be committed.
Failure to state the correct date shall not render the indictment insufficient;
(6) The signature of the foreman of the grand jury issuing it; and
(7) The words "against the peace and dignity of the state."
Garrett argues that the indictment under which he was charged is defective because the words
"against the peace and dignity of the state" are located on the page before the signature of the grand
jury foreman. He contends that because part (6) of the rule concludes with the word "and", the
requirement of part (7) must necessarily come after the grand jury foreman's signature.
The State argues first, that the rule does not require that the grand jury foreman's signature precede
the words "against the peace and dignity of the state." Second, it argues that if this is a defect, it
could be amended as a defect of form, and is therefore waived unless raised. Finally, it argues, that
Garrett waived all defects of the indictment when he entered his guilty pleas.
This Court finds that Rule 2.05 in no way requires that the words "against the peace and dignity of
the state" follow the foreman's signature. The word "and" in part (6) can not be read to require this.
Garrett cites no authority to the contrary.
Further, we find that Garrett waived any defects in the indictment when he pleaded guilty. In Banana
v. State, 635 So. 2d 851, 853 (Miss. 1994), this Court said there are only two exceptions to the rule
that a voluntary guilty plea waives any defects in the indictment. If the indictment fails to state an
essential element of the crime charged or if there exists no subject matter jurisdiction, then the plea
does not constitute a waiver. Banana, 635 So. 2d at 853. "A valid guilty plea operates as a waiver of
all non-jurisdictional rights or defects which are incident to trial." Id. At 853-54 (quoting Anderson
v. State, 577 So. 2d 390, 391 (Miss. 1991)).
Garrett's does not claim that the defect in the indictment involved an essential element of the crime
charged or that it affected subject matter jurisdiction. Therefore, if there is any defect, Garrett waived
it when he entered his guilty pleas.
II. THE INDICTMENT DID NOT COMPLY WITH ARTICLE 6, SECTION 169 OF
THE MISSISSIPPI CONSTITUTION OF 1890.
Garrett also contends that the indictment did not comply with the Mississippi Constitution. He argues
that the Constitution requires that an indictment "conclude" with the words "against the peace and
dignity of the state."
Garrett cites McNeal v. State, 658 So. 2d 1345, 1350 (Miss. 1995), to support his position. In that
case, the portion of the indictment that charged McNeal as an habitual offender was on a separate
page from the rest of the indictment, and followed the words "against the peace and dignity of the
state." This Court found that the portion of the indictment charging McNeal as an habitual offender
was fatally defective, and that the indictment did not comport with Section 169 of the State
Constitution. The Court found the word "conclude" to be unambiguous. Even though it found the
requirement "idle and meaningless," it found the requirement to be fundamental law that could not be
disregarded. The Court vacated McNeal's habitual offender status. McNeal, 658 So. 2d at 1350.
The State argues that this Court's decision in Brandau v. State, 662 So. 2d 1051 (Miss. 1995), is
controlling in this case. In that case, as in McNeal, the words "against the peace and dignity of the
state" came before the portion of the indictment charging Brandau as an habitual offender. This Court
held that the defect was one of form, and that it could be cured by amendment. Therefore, the Court
reasoned that the defect was subject to waiver for the failure to demur to the indictment. The Court
relied on Miss. Code Ann. § 99-7-21(1972), which provides that defects on the face of an indictment
must be presented by way of demurrer. The Court found that Brandau did not object to the form of
the indictment at the trial level, and that therefore he was barred from raising the issue. Brandau, 662
So. 2d at 1055. In distinguishing Brandau from McNeal, the Court noted that McNeal had objected
to the deficiency of his indictment at the trial level, whereas Brandau raised the issue for the first time
on appeal. Brandau, 662 So. 2d at 1054.
We conclude that under Brandau, even if Section 169 of the Mississippi Constitution requires that
the words "against the peace and dignity of the state" come after the grand jury foreman's signature,
the defect is one of form. Therefore, the defect was waived because Garrett did not object at the trial
level.
CONCLUSION
Garrett's claims are meritless, and the trial judge did not err in ruling that Garrett had waived any
defects in the indictment through the entry of his guilty plea. The order of Judge Evans denying relief
to Garrett is affirmed.
LOWER COURT'S DENIAL OF POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
LEE, C.J., PRATHER AND SULLIVAN, P.JJ., BANKS, McRAE, ROBERTS, SMITH AND
MILLS, JJ., CONCUR.
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