Martin Ledezma vs. State of MS
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 96-KA-00429-SCT
MARTIN LEDEZMA
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
03/21/96
HON. LARRY EUGENE ROBERTS
LAUDERDALE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
TIM WILSON
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: WAYNE SNUGGS
BILBO MITCHELL
CRIMINAL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
REVERSED AND REMANDED - 10/2/97
10/23/97
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., PITTMAN AND BANKS, JJ.
SULLIVAN, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
Martin Ledezma was indicted in Lauderdale County for possession of more than one kilogram of
marijuana with intent to deliver, occurring on January 25, 1994. Ledezma is a Mexican citizen who
grew up in Mexico but has lived in Texas off and on for twenty four years between deportations. The
circuit court determined that Ledezma was an illegal alien, and that the Immigration and
Naturalization Service had a warrant out for his arrest with the intent to deport him again. Ledezma
claims that his only language is Spanish and that he does not speak or understand English. He entered
a plea of guilty on June 1, 1995, without the benefit of a translator, and was sentenced to serve
fifteen years and pay a $10,000 fine with court costs by Circuit Court Judge Larry E. Roberts.
On January 24, 1996, Ledezma filed his Motion for Post Conviction Relief, alleging that he did not
understand English and was therefore unable to enter a knowing and voluntary guilty plea. Included
with his PCR motion were several affidavits from Ledezma's friends and cellmates stating that
Ledezma understands and speaks little English, has had very little education, and usually needs a
translator. On March 21, 1996, after reviewing the motion, files, transcripts, and correspondence,
Judge Roberts entered an order denying Ledezma's PCR motion without an evidentiary hearing. The
judge set out findings of fact in which he concluded that Ledezma "exhibited a working knowledge
and understanding of the English language by speaking in complete sentences and by providing
adequate explanations and responses to the questions posed by the Court." Aggrieved of the lower
court's ruling, Ledezma perfected his appeal to this Court.
STATEMENT OF THE LAW
I.
MAY A MOTION FOR POST CONVICTION RELIEF BE DENIED WITHOUT AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING WHERE THE MOTION CONTAINS ALLEGATIONS OF
MATERIAL FACTS WHICH CONFLICT WITH THE TRANSCRIPT OF THE MOVANT'S
GUILTY PLEA?
Ledezma argues that the trial court erred in denying his PCR motion without an evidentiary hearing.
"If it plainly appears from the face of the motion, any annexed exhibits and the prior proceedings in
the case that the movant is not entitled to any relief, the judge may make an order for its dismissal
and cause the prisoner to be notified." Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-11(2). Even if the trial judge does
not dismiss the motion, he may decide that an evidentiary hearing is not required. Miss. Code Ann. §
99-39-19. This Court has previously stated:
We adhere to the principle that a post-conviction collateral relief petition which meets basic
pleading requirements is sufficient to mandate an evidentiary hearing unless it appears beyond
doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him
to relief. . . . We have analogized the court's position when faced with a petition meeting
pleading requirements with that of a court in a civil procedure considering a motion for
summary judgment. There is a distinction however. Our Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act
provides a procedure limited in nature to review those matters which, in practical reality, could
not or should not have been raised at trial or on direct appeal. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-11
provides that the trial court judge shall examine not only the motion, but also files, records,
transcripts, and correspondence relating to the judgment under attack as well as prior
proceedings in the case to determine whether movant is entitled to relief.
Turner v. State, 590 So.2d 871, 874-75 (Miss. 1991) (internal citations omitted).
Ledezma points to this Court's decision in Summerville v. State, 667 So.2d 14 (Miss. 1996), to
support his position that he is entitled to an evidentiary hearing. In Summerville, this Court stated
that an evidentiary hearing is required when there is a material conflict of fact and the petitioner has
met the pleading requirements of Mississippi's Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act. Summerville,
667 So.2d at 15 (citations omitted). He also points to Sanders v. State, 440 So.2d 278 (Miss. 1983),
in which this Court held that an evidentiary hearing should be held unless "it is manifest that the
person whom, or on whose behalf it is presented, is not entitled to any relief." Sanders, 440 So.2d at
284. The question of the voluntariness of a guilty plea is a question of fact. Id. at 288. Ledezma
argues that a material conflict of fact exists between his motion and the transcript from his plea
hearing on the issue of the knowingness and voluntariness of his plea. He claims that because he is
unable to understand English, he did not understand his plea petition or plea hearing. Ledezma asserts
that he would be entitled to relief if given a chance to prove his claim in an evidentiary hearing.
The State responds by pointing to the plea transcript which reveals that Ledezma appropriately
answered questions asked of him by the court. The State argues that Ledezma exhibited a working
understanding of the English language and stated that he understood the questions asked by the
court. The State also points to the fact that Ledezma has lived in the United States for the past
twenty four years. Where the plea transcript demonstrates that the petitioner's claim is patently
without merit, no evidentiary hearing is necessary. Roland v. State, 666 So.2d 747, 751 (Miss. 1995)
; Harveston v. State, 597 So.2d 641, 642-43 (Miss. 1992). Here, the State argues, the plea transcript
clearly shows that Ledezma may have had some difficulty speaking English, but could definitely
understand it well enough to make a knowing and voluntary guilty plea.
Ledezma responds by citing Baker v. State, 358 So.2d 401 (Miss. 1978), in which this Court stated
"[T]here should not be a per se rule prohibiting collateral attack on a plea in all circumstances, simply
because the transcript on its face reflects recitation of voluntariness and awareness of the
consequence." Baker, 358 So.2d at 403 (citing Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63 (1977). "On the
other hand, we are mindful, as stated in Blackledge, that 'Solemn declarations in open court carry a
strong presumption of verity.'" Id.
The plea transcript reveals that Ledezma was obviously having difficulty communicating with the
judge. Judge Roberts himself noted during the plea hearing and the sentencing hearing that Ledezma
was having difficulty with the English language. When the judge asked Ledezma about his name, the
following exchange took place:
Q. All right. Martin, is your full name Martin Ledezma, is that your full name?
A. Yes.
Q. Do you have a middle name? No?
A. No.
Q. Can you speak--can you speak English?
A. A little bit.
Q. A little? If there is anything you don't understand stop me and ask me, or ask your attorney
and let him communicate to me if there is anything you don't understand, all right?
A. My full name is Martin Ledezma Rodriguez. I never use the Rodriguez.
Q. Okay. What was your last name?
A. Rodriguez.
Q. Spell that for me? Can you spell your last name?
A. Not Rodriguez, Ledezma I can, but not Rodriguez.
Q. What name--do you have a birth certificate?
A. Yes.
Q. Do you know what name is on your birth certificate?
A. Martin Ledezma--Martin Ledezma Rodriguez.
Q. Okay.
BY MR. MITCHELL: Judge, I think I might have a driver license here but it says-BY THE COURT: Andy, is there--does he have a--a three name--three word name?
BY MR. SUMRALL: He does, Your Honor, but everything in--in the United States is under
Ledezma. Even, his social security name is under Ledezma. His Mexican name was Rodriguez
but he can write the Rodriguez. That's what he is writing now.
Although the trouble may simply have resulted from the differences occuring in the translation of his
name, the fact that the court had this much difficulty in determining Ledezma's name is clear evidence
that there was a communication problem at the plea hearing. If the trial judge found it challenging to
elicit such simple information from Ledezma, he could not be certain that Ledezma understood
something as complicated as his legal rights.
Other than stating his name and how long he had lived in Texas, Ledezma answered few questions in
full sentences, relying instead merely on "yes" and "no" answers. Further evidence of Ledezma's
limited understanding of English was shown in the following exchange:
Q. Martin, do you understand that you do not have to plead guilty?
A. I'm guilty.
Q. Sir?
A. I'm guilty.
Q. But do you understand you don't have to plead guilty if you don't want to?
A. I want to.
Q. I know you told me you want to but you do not have to if you don't want to?
A. I'm guilty.
The judge was never able to clearly communicate with Ledezma the difference between being guilty,
wanting to plead guilty, and not having to plead guilty.
While Ledezma's attorney at the plea hearing may have been correct in concluding that Ledezma
understood more English than he could speak, a factual dispute certainly exists as to whether
Ledezma understood enough English to knowingly and voluntarily waive his rights and enter a guilty
plea. This factual dispute is especially emphasized in the multiple affidavits presented by Ledezma
asserting that he needs a translator to communicate in English. The fact that Ledezma says he has
lived in Texas for twenty four years does not mean that he has a firm grasp of the English language.
The circuit court determined that Ledezma had no more than a fourth grade education and was
deported repeatedly. Also considering the large population of Texans who speak only Spanish,
Ledezma's stay there does not equate to an understanding of the English language. Ledezma is at
least entitled to an evidentiary hearing to determine if his difficulty with the English language
interfered with his ability to enter a knowing and voluntary guilty plea.
CONCLUSION
The trial transcript reveals that Ledezma answered the judge's questions about his understanding of
his guilty plea and the rights he waived as a result of pleading guilty. However, the transcript also
clearly shows the difficulty that Ledezma had in communicating in English. Ledezma is entitled to an
evidentiary hearing to determine whether his language difficulties interfered with his ability to enter a
knowing and voluntary guilty plea.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
PRATHER, P.J., PITTMAN, BANKS, McRAE AND MILLS, JJ., CONCUR. SMITH, J.,
DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY LEE, C.J., AND
ROBERTS, J.
SMITH, JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
The majority reverses and remands Ledezma's case and now requires the trial judge to conduct a
hearing to determine whether the defendant's supposed language difficulties interfered with his ability
to enter a knowing and voluntary guilty plea. This same trial judge has already observed Ledezma,
questioned him extensively concerning his guilty plea, and heard his responses at both the guilty plea
hearing and at the sentencing hearing. The trial judge was convinced and so found that Ledezma
understood the English language sufficiently to enter a voluntary plea of guilty to the charge of
possession with intent to deliver more than ten kilos of marijuana. The trial court is always in a better
position than this Court in determining such factual issues.
Although he had lived in Texas for almost twenty-four years, Ledezma remains an illegal alien with
an outstanding warrant for his arrest existing at the time of these proceedings before the trial court.
Ledezma now claims to only speak Spanish and also maintains that he cannot speak or understand
English. The time to have made such a claim was at the time he decided to plead guilty, or if in fact
he could not speak or understand English, he should have told the trial judge at that time. In my view
this late claim before this Court is highly suspect. I am compelled to dissent.
In my view, the plea transcript and the fact finding by the trial judge clearly indicate that, while
Ledezma may have had some difficultly speaking English, he definitely understood the facts and
circumstances of his plea well enough to make the plea a knowing and voluntary guilty plea. The plea
transcript more than adequately demonstrates the futility of Ledezma's argument in trying to convince
the same circuit judge who took his guilty plea that his plea was involuntary. Summary judgment is
appropriate under such circumstances. Roland v. State, 666 So. 2d 747, 751 (Miss. 1995);
Harveston v. State, 597 So. 2d 641, 642-43 (Miss. 1992).
In the case at bar Ledzma answered all questions asked of him by the trial judge. He stated that he
understood the questions asked of him. Ledzma exhibited a working knowledge and understanding of
the English language by giving complete responses to the trial judge's inquiries.
Examples of Ledemaz's working knowledge of the English language taken exclusively from the
transcript of the plea hearing are as follows: "My full name is Martin Ledezma Rodriquez.. I never
use the Rodriquez. I've been living in Texas for 24 years. I do not have a green card. I have an
embassy card. We not going to sell it, just deliver it." Additionally, at the sentencing hearing,
Ledezma told the trial judge that, "I never had any trouble with drugs before. This is my first time."
The plea transcript belies the allegation by Ledezma that his plea was rendered involuntary because
he could not speak or understand the English language.
Additionally, even considering Ledezma's supporting affidavits filed in this case, the trial judge's
ruling remains convincingly correct. Several of the affidavits contain statements that indicate that
Ledezma can speak and understand simple English words. The affidavits, in part, state that Ledezma
"knows and understands easy words;" that "some words he knows that may not seem difficult;" that
he "can understand more the English language than he can speak it;" and that he can "converse with
small words."
In fact, at the plea hearing, when asked by the trial judge whether he could speak English, Ledezma
responded, "A little bit." Ledezma knew and correctly recited his social security number to the trial
judge. He also told the judge that he had discussed his case throughly with his attorney and that he
knew and understood all that he had been told by his attorney as well as by the trial judge. He knew
that he was only delivering marijuana, not selling it and he knew that the marijuana was hidden "over
the door and sides" of the truck in which he and Jose Victor Villarreal were traveling to Atlanta,
Georgia when they were apprehended by law enforcement officers in Lauderdale County. More
importantly, Ledezma kept telling the judge that he was guilty and that's why he wanted to plead
guilty to the charges.
Here, the transcript clearly reveals that Ledzema was informed of all his constitutional rights under
both the United States and State of Mississippi Constitutions, the nature and consequences of the act
contemplated and relevant facts and circumstances in accordance with this Court's decision in
Vittitoe v. State, 556 So. 2d 1062, 1063 (Miss. 1990), (citing Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89
S. Ct. 1709, 23 L. Ed. 2d 274 (1969). Ledzema clearly had a working knowledge of the English
language having lived and worked in Texas for twenty-four years. The transcript fully supports the
trial court's finding and order and this Court should affirm the lower court.
I respectfully dissent.
LEE, C.J., AND ROBERTS, J., JOIN THIS OPINION.
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