Dontellus Funchess v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 95-KA-01004 COA
DONTELLUS FUNCHESS
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
APPELLANT
APPELLEE
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
09/08/95
HON. WILLIAM F. COLEMAN
HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
GEORGE T. HOLMES
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: DEWITT T. ALLRED III
EDWARD J. PETERS
CRIMINAL - FELONY
CT I AND CT II ARMED ROBBERY: CT I 25
YRS WITH 15 YRS SUSPENDED AND 10
YRS TO SERVE: CT II 25 YRS WITH 20 YRS
SUSPENDED AND 5 YRS TO SERVE; CT II
RUNS CONSECUTIVE TO CT I
AFFIRMED - 9/23/97
9/25/97
11/12/97
2/24/98
BEFORE McMILLIN, P.J., COLEMAN, AND PAYNE, JJ.
McMILLIN, P.J., FOR THE COURT:
Dontellus Funchess was convicted by a jury in the Circuit Court of Hinds County of two counts of
armed robbery. Funchess appeals his conviction and sentence to this Court raising four issues. After
reviewing the record, we have concluded that these issues are without merit, and therefore, we
affirm.
I.
Facts
Bill Moore and Kelsey Bryant were robbed at gunpoint by five black males. The robbers assaulted
Moore with a pipe, breaking several ribs. They made away with Bryant's jewelry and purse and
Moore's wallet, car phone, and pager. Two of the robbers fled the scene in Bryant's automobile, a
1993 white Volvo. The next day, Moore and Bryant chanced to observe Bryant's vehicle on a
business parking lot, but the occupants, finding themselves under observation, sped away. Moore
attempted to give chase but ultimately stopped and telephoned the police. A police unit on patrol
located the vehicle. Realizing they had been discovered once again, the occupants of the vehicle
jumped from the car while it was still rolling and attempted to flee. All of the occupants were
apprehended, and among them was the defendant Funchess, who was found to be in possession of
Moore's cellular telephone. Funchess was indicted on two counts of armed robbery, one as to Moore
and one as to Bryant, and was convicted on both counts.
His defense consisted primarily of several alibi witnesses, all of whom testified to his presence
elsewhere during the time of the robbery. He explained his presence in the automobile the next day as
being merely an excursion with friends who told him they had rented the vehicle. He claimed to have
found the telephone in the back seat of the car during the outing and admitted to taking it without
permission, contending that this act, though perhaps wrongful, in no way implicated him in the
robbery of the previous day.
We will now proceed to consider the issues raised by Funchess which he claims warrant reversal of his
conviction.
II.
Prosecutorial Misconduct
Funchess claims that an overzealous prosecutor repeatedly attempted to interject inadmissible and
inflammatory matters into the trial in order to prejudice him in the eyes of the jury. He claims that the
cumulative effect of these wilful and improper acts deprived him of the fundamental right to a fair
trial. While this Court does not condone the actions of the prosecuting attorney in any of the
instances complained of, we have determined that the trial court acted properly to minimize any
prejudice, thereby avoiding the necessity of declaring a mistrial. We do not find the matters, either
singly or in the aggregate, so egregious as to require this Court to conclude that the trial judge
abused its discretion in denying a mistrial or a new trial motion based on prosecutorial misconduct.
A.
Prior Involvement with Law Enforcement
While questioning one police officer, the prosecuting attorney inquired whether the officer had
known Funchess prior to his arrest. The question appears to have been calculated to intimate to the
jury that Funchess had been involved in prior incidents with the police. That fact was probative of
nothing in regard to his guilt on the charges being tried and was certainly prejudicial and improper.
However, the trial court promptly sustained an objection to the question, and we do not find that the
improper inquiry merits reversal.
B.
Accusation of Other Crimes
Funchess, after fleeing from the vehicle, was found attempting to hide in an office building. During
cross-examination, Funchess denied that he was trying to hide when he was apprehended. The
prosecuting attorney then asked him if he was trespassing when he entered the building. The
relevance of this question completely escapes this Court. It was an inquiry into another uncharged
crime, the commission of which did nothing to make Funchess's involvement in the previous day's
armed robbery either more or less likely. Nevertheless, the trial court sustained an objection to the
question, and we do not conclude that this rather pointless badgering by the State, though certainly
not exemplary prosecutorial conduct, was so prejudicial as to warrant a mistrial.
C.
Rhetorical Questions Concerning Possible Alternate Conduct
In its cross-examination of Funchess, the State inquired as to why, if Funchess truly had no
involvement in any criminal activity, he fled the police the next day instead of surrendering the
telephone to the officers and protesting his ignorance of the reason for the police interest in the
Volvo automobile. Funchess claims this inquiry amounted to an improper comment on his
constitutional right to remain silent in the circumstance. At trial, Funchess promptly objected to this
inquiry and the objection was sustained. We do not find this exchange particularly prejudicial.
Unexplained flight is, in itself, considered probative evidence of guilt. Reynolds v. State, 658 So. 2d
852, 856 (Miss. 1995). The State is certainly entitled to present proof of flight, and we can discern no
reason why the State may not further inquire as to the reasons for the flight to affirmatively
demonstrate to the jury that there was no reasonable explanation for the flight. To the extent that the
State exceeded that privilege by demanding that Funchess explain why he did not volunteer
information he deemed exculpatory, any prejudice was cured by the trial court's ruling sustaining the
objection.
D.
Improper Closing Argument
During summation, the State advanced the proposition that, if the jury accepted Funchess's argument
that the victims were so frightened at the time of the crime that their eyewitness identification of him
was not trustworthy, then Funchess would be escaping punishment solely based on his ability to
terrorize his victims. This circuitous argument is illogical and could reasonably be considered
inflammatory. However, the trial court promptly sustained an objection to this argument and directed
the jury to disregard the comments. We find that this was sufficient to cure the problem created by
this argument and do not conclude that the trial court erred in subsequently denying Funchess's
motion for mistrial.
III.
Photographic Lineup Identification
Funchess complains that his identification by both victims from a photographic lineup was tainted and
should not have been admitted into evidence. He claims that the photographs all contained numbers
at the bottom that included dates and that Funchess's picture indicated the date that he was arrested.
The other photographs all had different dates, most being some months prior to the incident.
Funchess argues that consideration of these dates singles him out as being the most likely one in the
lineup to be suspected of involvement in this crime. This Court has conducted an inspection of the
photographic lineup sheet. The photographs all consist of "mug shot" photographs that include the
typical identification placard placed under the person's countenance and containing the name of the
law enforcement agency and other necessary identification inserted into the placard with small white
plastic letters and numbers. Each of the photographs has one line that consists of a series of numbers
that seem random at first glance, but which end with numbers that, on closer inspection, reveal a
date. For example, the number under Funchess's photograph was 04547 2 8 94, and Funchess was, in
fact, arrested on February 8, 1994.
We are unconvinced that these facts, standing alone, render the lineup untrustworthy on the
proposition that both defendants picked out Funchess by virtue of his arrest date rather than his facial
characteristics, and we decline to reverse the conviction on this basis. The dates do not prominently
appear and are not readily recognizable as being a date. In fact, some of the photographs have
unexplained extraneous numbers inserted into the date sequence. Even were the numbers recognized
by those viewing the lineup as being a calendar date, there is no further information concerning the
significance of the date or otherwise linking the person in the photograph to the crime under
investigation.
Funchess also claimed that he was the only one in the lineup with short hair, thereby improperly
singling him out based on this atypical physical characteristic. We find that proposition factually
inaccurate based upon our inspection of the lineup. The individuals in the photographic lineup all had
facial characteristics, including hair cut style, sufficiently similar that no one appeared to be
conspicuously singled out in the manner proscribed by York v. State, 413 So. 2d 1372, 1383 (Miss.
1982).
IV.
Weight of the Evidence
Funchess claims the trial court erred in denying his motion for a new trial based on a claim that the
verdict was against the weight of the evidence. The trial court may grant a new trial on this basis only
if it is convinced that the verdict is so against the weight of the evidence that it would be manifestly
unjust to permit the verdict to stand. Burrell v. State, 613 So. 2d 1186, 1191 (Miss. 1993). On
appeal, we may disturb the trial court's decision to deny such a motion only if we are convinced that
the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion. Veal v. State, 585 So. 2d 693,695 (Miss.
1991). In our deliberation, we must review all of the evidence and view it in the light most favorable
to sustaining the verdict. Strong v. State, 600 So. 2d 199, 204 (Miss. 1992).
Under that standard of review, we conclude that the eyewitness identification of Funchess, together
with his subsequent discovery the next day in the vehicle stolen during the robbery and in possession
of one victim's cellular telephone, together with his unexplained flight when approached by police
officers the day after the robbery, was evidence upon which the jury could reasonably convict. The
credibility of his alibi witnesses was a matter committed to the jury for resolution as the trier of fact.
The testimony of those witnesses was not so credible as to suggest that the jury abused its discretion
when it elected to reject that evidence. This issue is without merit.
V.
Sentence
As his final assignment of error, Funchess argues that his sentence was too harsh when compared to
the sentences received by his co-defendants. Under count one of the indictment, Funchess was
sentenced to twenty-five years with fifteen years suspended and ten years to serve. Under count two
of the indictment, Funchess was sentenced to twenty-five years with twenty years suspended and five
years to serve consecutively to count one. One of his co-defendants, who was fourteen years old, had
his case remanded to the youth court, and his other co-defendant pled guilty before another judge to
armed robbery and was sentenced to five years with two years suspended. The supreme court has
held that when a sentence is within the limits defined in the statute,
the imposition of the sentence is within the sound discretion of the trial court, and it should not be
overturned. Hopson v. State, 625 So. 2d 395, 404 (Miss. 1993). A jury upon convicting a defendant
of armed robbery is entitled to set his penalty at life in prison. See Miss. Code Ann. ยง 97-3-79 (Rev.
1994). When the jury does not fix a penalty of life in prison, the court shall set the penalty for a term
of not less than three years. Id.
At the time of his conviction, Funchess was only ordered to serve a total of fifteen years of his fifty
year sentence. At the sentencing hearing, the judge noted that though Funchess was one of the less
violent of the assailants, he appeared to be the leader of the robbers. The judge additionally noted
that Funchess was several years older than his co-defendants, who had received lighter sentences.
After considering the violent manner in which the crime was carried out and the fact that the sentence
was within the statutory guidelines, we cannot conclude that the court erred in the sentence that it
imposed.
THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HINDS COUNTY OF CONVICTION OF
TWO COUNTS OF ARMED ROBBERY AND SENTENCE OF TWENTY FIVE YEARS
WITH FIFTEEN YEARS SUSPENDED AND TEN YEARS TO SERVE ON COUNT ONE;
SENTENCE OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WITH TWENTY YEARS SUSPENDED AND FIVE
YEARS TO SERVE ON COUNT TWO TO RUN CONSECUTIVE TO COUNT ONE IN THE
CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS IS AFFIRMED.
ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO HINDS COUNTY.
BRIDGES, C.J., THOMAS, P.J., COLEMAN, DIAZ, HERRING, HINKEBEIN, KING,
PAYNE, AND SOUTHWICK, JJ., CONCUR.
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