Thomas K. Byrd v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 95-KP-00199-SCT
THOMAS K. BYRD
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
DISTRICT ATTORNEY
NATURE OF THE CASE:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
01/20/95
HON. R. KENNETH COLEMAN
LAFAYETTE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
PRO SE
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: WAYNE SNUGGS
LAWRENCE L. LITTLE
CRIMINAL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
AFFIRMED - 6/26/97
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., McRAE AND MILLS, JJ.
McRAE, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
This appeal arises from a January 20, 1995 order of the Lafayette County Circuit Court denying
Thomas K. Byrd's motion for post-conviction relief. On April 3, 1992, Byrd was indicted by a grand
jury of the Lafayette County Circuit Court in Cause No. LK92-049 on two counts of automobile
burglary pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 97-17-33. He entered a plea of guilty to Count II on January
4, 1993. Apparently as a result of the plea bargain agreement, his sentence was based on one count
only. He therefore was sentenced to serve seven years in the custody of the MDOC, with most of the
sentence suspended.(1) The circuit court accepted the State's recommendation that since he was
planning to move out of the state, Byrd should be placed on unsupervised probation. At the hearing,
when asked by Judge Lamb about his prior felony record, Byrd acknowledged that he had been
charged with possession of stolen goods, also in Lafayette County.
On July 23, 1993, the District Attorney's Office filed a motion charging that Byrd had violated the
terms of his probation in Cause Nos. 13,205 and LK 92-049. The petition stated that Byrd had been
charged with violation of Miss. Code Ann. § 6-15-93 (sic) for the burglary of a commercial building;
that he had had a 380 automatic pistol in his possession; that he had been driving with a suspended
license and refused a D.U.I. test; that he had allegedly committed the crime of forgery by cashing
checks drawn on King Auto Salvage; and that he also had violated the terms and conditions of his
probation in other ways that would be demonstrated at the hearing. Judge Kenneth Coleman entered
an order on July 30, 1993, revoking Byrd's probation and sentencing him to serve a prison term of
seven years in Cause No. LK 92-049, to run concurrently with the sentence imposed in Cause No.13,
205.
Aggrieved by the circuit court's action, Byrd filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea and vacate
sentence on December 13, 1993 pursuant to the Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act,
Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-1 et seq. He asserted that the indictment for automobile burglary in Cause
No. LK 92-049 was based on hearsay and that there was no proof to substantiate the charges against
him. He further charged that his attorney had provided ineffective assistance in advising him to enter
a guilty plea and that his plea was not entered willingly, knowingly or intelligently. In his supplement
to the original motion, Byrd challenged the legality of the suspended sentence and probation, given
that he previously had been convicted of a felony. The circuit court denied Byrd's motion by order
dated January 20, 1995.
Byrd now appeals to this Court, asserting:
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING HIS PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS
CORPUS REGARDING ERRONEOUS SENTENCE;
II. IT WAS PLAIN ERROR FOR THE TRIAL COURT TO SENTENCE APPELLANT TO
SEVEN YEARS SUSPENDED AND PROBATION WHEN DEFENDANT HAD A PRIOR
FELONY CONVICTION; AND
III. THE SEVEN YEAR SENTENCE WAS IN VIOLATION OF THE BOTH THE
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE MISSISSIPPI CONSTITUTION.
ARGUMENTS AND DISCUSSION OF THE LAW
The gravamen of each of the three issues raised by Byrd is that, in light of his prior felony record, the
circuit court erroneously suspended his sentence on Count II of Cause No. LK 92-049 and placed
him on probation. Based on Robinson v. State, 585 So. 2d 757 (Miss. 1991), Byrd asserts that he
has been illegally convicted and sentenced and that he should he should be released from his "illegal
confinement" or in the alternative, have his case remanded for proceedings consistent with that case.
While the State disagrees with Byrd that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for postconviction relief, it construes Robinson as putting parties in their original positions; to wit: the State
is free to prosecute Byrd on both counts of auto burglary with which he was originally charged and to
seek the maximum sentence of fourteen years for the two charges.
Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-33 provides, in relevant part, as follows for probation and suspended
sentences:
When it appears to the satisfaction of any circuit court or county court in the state of
Mississippi, having original jurisdiction over criminal actions, or to the judge thereof, that the
ends of justice and the best interest of the public, as well as the defendant, will be served
thereby, such court, in term time or in vacation, shall have the power, after conviction or a plea
of guilty, except in a case where a death sentence or life imprisonment is the maximum penalty
which may be imposed or where the defendant has been convicted of a felony on a previous
occasion in any court or courts of the United States and of any state or territories thereof, to
suspend the imposition or execution of sentence, and place the defendant on probation as
herein provided, except that the court shall not suspend the execution of a sentence of
imprisonment after the defendant shall have begun to serve such sentence. In placing any
defendant on probation, the court, or judge, shall direct that such defendant be under the
supervision of the department of corrections.
§ 47-7-33 (emphasis added). During the hearing on Byrd's guilty plea, he acknowledged his prior
felony record. Nevertheless, the circuit court accepted the plea agreement, suspended Byrd's sentence
and placed him on supervised probation.
In Robinson, as in the case sub judice, the defendant admitted his prior felony record, but the circuit
court followed the State's recommendation resulting from a plea bargain and imposed a suspended
sentence contrary to the exception set forth in § 47-7-33. Despite a 1972 felony conviction for grand
larceny in another county, therefore, Robinson received a three-year suspended sentence and was
placed on probation after pleading guilty to possession of marijuana. Robinson, 585 So. 2d at 759.
The record indicated that he had entered the guilty plea on the inducement that the State would
recommend a suspended sentence. Id. at 758. Three days after he was sentenced, Robinson again was
arrested on drug charges. The first sentence was set aside and he was sentenced to three years in the
custody of the MDOC. Id.
This Court found that the imposition of a suspended sentence by the circuit court was clearly
erroneous; that, knowing that Robinson previously had been convicted of a felony, the order
suspending his sentence and placing him on probation was "an act of judicial nullification." Id. at 759.
It further explained:
Clearly, § 47-7-33 does not permit suspension of sentence and probation to a defendant with a
prior felony conviction. Robinson's suspended sentence and probation was without authority
and, therefore, invalid. Because Robinson plead guilty on the improper inducement that he was
eligible for a suspended sentence or probation, he is therefore permitted to withdraw his guilty
plea and he must be allowed to enter a new plea and offered the opportunity of a new trial.
Vittitoe v. State, 556 So.2d 1062, 1065 (Miss.1990).
Id. Accordingly, the circuit court's order suspending Robinson's sentence and placing him on
probation was reversed, his plea of not guilty reinstated, and the case remanded for further
proceedings. Id.
Where a defendant misled the judge about his prior felony record, this Court affirmed the circuit
court's revocation of his suspended sentence and probation. Hamlin v. Barrett, 335 So. 2d 898
(Miss. 1976). In that case, when asked by the circuit court about his prior record, Hamlin admitted to
a traffic violation, but neglected to mention a felony conviction for armed robbery in New York.
Hamlin, 335 So. 2d at 899. There was conflicting evidence about whether the prosecutor was aware
of Hamlin's history when he made his sentencing recommendation to the court. Id. Stressing that trial
judges, prosecutors and defense attorneys must be careful to see that probation is proper pursuant to
§ 47-7-33 before placing defendants on probation, this Court found that the fact that Hamlin
"succeeded in making himself beneficiary to his wrongful withholding of the facts does not entitle him
to a reversal or another opportunity to plead to the indictment." Id. at 900.
Based on Robinson and Hamlin, the circuit court erroneously suspended Byrd's sentence and placed
him on probation. Using the approach taken by the Robinson Court, Byrd would be entitled to
withdraw his guilty plea and start anew, which, as the State asserted, would subject him to trial and
potentially sentencing on both counts of auto burglary, not just the one for which he ultimately was
sentenced under the terms of the plea agreement. However, Hamlin suggests that the circuit court
properly exercised its authority in revoking his sentence and reinstating the original sentence
concurrent with the sentence for Byrd's subsequent offense. See also Leonard v. State, 271 So. 2d
445, 447 (Miss. 1973)(when a defendant violates the terms of his probation, the circuit court may
continue or revoke probation or the suspended sentence or execute the sentence imposed). We find
therefore that Judge Coleman's revocation of Byrd's parole and order to serve the original seven-year
sentence concurrent to the sentence for the subsequent offense has rectified Judge Lamb's initial error
in placing Byrd on probation and suspending his sentence.
CONCLUSION
In light of his prior felony record, the circuit court should not have suspended Byrd's sentence and
placed him on probation. However, the circuit court's revocation of those privileges and
reinstatement of the original sentence once a subsequent offense was committed served to rectify the
error. Accordingly, we affirm the denial of the circuit court's denial of Byrd's motion for postconviction relief.
LOWER COURT'S DENIAL OF POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
LEE, C.J., PRATHER AND SULLIVAN, P.JJ., PITTMAN, BANKS, ROBERTS, SMITH AND
MILLS, JJ., CONCUR.
1. The record is less than clear as to whether five or seven years of Byrd's sentence was suspended.
The probation order and the State's petition showing that Byrd had violated the terms of his
suspended sentence both indicate that five years of the sentence was suspended. The Suspended
Sentence and Probation Report issued to the Commissioner of the Department of Corrections as well
as the appeal briefs indicate that the entire seven year sentence was suspended. At the January 6,
1993 hearing on the guilty plea, the circuit court noted first that Byrd was sentenced to serve seven
years and "You will be credited with all time served in jail since November 15, 1991. Which you
indicate approximately four (4) months. The balance will be suspended . . . ." (Emphasis added.)
After explaining the ramifications of entering a guilty plea and ascertaining that Byrd still wanted to
so plea, Judge Lamb then said, "He is nodding affirmative with everything I say. Seven (7) year
sentence, four months or so credited. Balance suspended for five years. You are placed on five years
supervised probation." (Emphasis added.)
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