Roosevelt Anthony Crockett v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 12/03/96
OF THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 94-KA-01226 COA
ROOSEVELT ANTHONY CROCKETT
APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
APPELLEE
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND
MAY NOT BE CITED, PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. KOSTA N. VLAHOS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
STEPHEN J. MAGGIO
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: W.GLENN WATTS
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: MARK WARD
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL: SALE OF A CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: SALE OF A CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE: SENTENCED AS
A HABITUAL OFFENDER TO A TERM OF 30 YRS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MDOC
WITHOUT HOPE OF PAROLE OR PROBATION
BEFORE BRIDGES, P.J., KING, AND PAYNE, JJ.
BRIDGES, P.J., FOR THE COURT:
Roosevelt Crockett was convicted of selling a controlled substance as a habitual offender in Harrison
County Circuit Court. From his conviction and sentence of thirty years, Crockett appeals to this
Court on two issues: (1) whether the trial court erred in restricting the cross-examination of a
witness, and (2) whether the trial court erred in denying a jury instruction on the issue of entrapment.
FACTS
On September 1, 1993, undercover agent Sean O’Neil drove to an area off Highway 49 in North
Gulfport in a truck that had been previously fitted with a concealed camera and tape recorder. On
reaching the corner of Alabama and Tyler, he saw several males standing at the corner. He slowed his
truck and rolled down his window; Crockett then approached his car, and asked what he needed.
Officer O’Neil explained that he needed a "twenty dollar piece." Crockett asked him for the money,
to which O’Neil replied that he would not give him the money until he had the crack cocaine.
Crockett jumped in the back of O’Neil’s pick-up truck and directed him where to go in order to make
the purchase. O’Neil drove there, Crockett got out of the pick-up, and returned a few minutes later
with the crack cocaine.
ARGUMENT AND DISCUSSION OF THE LAW
I. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING THE APPELLANT THE
OPPORTUNITY TO CROSS-EXAMINE A WITNESS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP AN
ENTRAPMENT DEFENSE.
During trial, the court refused to let Crockett develop the defense of entrapment while crossexamining Officer O’Neill. Crockett alleged that the multi-jurisdictional drug task force operated
mostly in economically depressed areas, and its main purpose was to induce poor people and specific
individuals to sell drugs.
The State explained that the task force was designed for the purpose of providing an opportunity for
people already selling or wanting to sell drugs to do so, whether in North Gulfport or in any other
area of Harrison County. Consistent with the State’s argument, was testimony proving that Crockett
approached the car on his own volition. He approached the car and asked what the officer needed.
The officer did not verbally or physically ask Crockett to come over; he merely slowed the car.
During Officer O’Neil’s cross-examination, testimony was proffered that proved that the undercover
task force targeted both high and low economic areas and did not operate to isolate or entrap specific
individuals.
Q. Did you in your two months with the narcotics Task Force, did y’all ever formulate
plans to go to an area like Windance (a higher income area of Gulfport) and cruise that
neighborhood and try to induce people to sell you drugs?
A. Yes, sir
Q. You did?
A. Uh, huh.
Q. And again, your plans were in fact to get somebody, your whole goal at this point was
to get somebody, anybody, to sell you drugs that day, correct?
A. I wouldn’t use the word ‘get’ myself. We would, you know, see the area, see if
somebody would approach the vehicle for the possibility of buying narcotics.
Q. Was this going to be done telepathically, the communication, or by mind reading? How
was it going to be done?
A. By cruising the area.
After having a bench conference, the trial judge sustained the State’s objection to the entrapment line
of questioning, and ruled that the theory of entrapment could not be developed on cross-examination.
With regard to the scope of cross-examination, the Supreme Court of Mississippi has stated that
although the scope of cross-examination is usually very broad, it is within the sound discretion of the
trial court to limit cross-examination to relevant matters. Hewlett v. State, 607 So. 2d 1097, 1100
(Miss. 1992). However, the discretion of the trial court is not without limits; the court has reversed
where the trial court exceeded the limits in an area proper for cross-examination. Hewlett 607 So. 2d
at 1100; Carr v. State, 655 So. 2d 824, 847 (Miss. 1995). Yet, "cross-examination on an irrelevant
point is not permitted." Sayles v. State, 552 So. 2d 1383, 1386 (Miss. 1989).
Using his discretion, the trial judge ruled that prolonged cross-examination on the point of where the
task force operated was irrelevant. As illustrated in Hewlett, Carr, and Sayles, the judge has the
inherent power to limit cross-examination to relevant matters. For this reason, we believe this issue is
without merit, and we affirm the lower court.
II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING A JURY INSTRUCTION
ON THE ISSUE OF ENTRAPMENT.
Crockett contends that the refusal to grant his requested jury instruction on entrapment was
erroneous. Consistent with the standard of review for the denial of other instructions, the Mississippi
Supreme Court requires in reviewing whether an entrapment instruction should have been given, that
the accused "be given the benefit of all doubts about the evidence." King v. State, 530 So. 2d 1356,
1359 (Miss. 1988). Entrapment is an affirmative defense and, to secure an instruction on the defense,
the accused is obligated to make a prima facie case of entrapment, and an instruction should only be
refused when "the evidence is so one-sided that no reasonable juror could find" entrapment. King,
530 So. 2d at 1358-59; see Bush v. State, 585 So. 2d 1262, 1264 (Miss. 1991).
As for Crockett’s requested jury instruction, the trial court ruled that there was no factual basis to
allow for an entrapment instruction. Because the court restricted Crockett’s cross-examination of
Officer O’Neil to relevant matters, the defense was not able to expound on the entrapment theory and
thus, was not able to make a prima facie case of entrapment, a prerequisite to a jury instruction on
entrapment. As discussed above, the trial court ruled that the entrapment line of questioning was
irrelevant and because of this, not a proper affirmative defense. Finding no assignment of error which
warrants reversal, we affirm the lower court.
THE JUDGMENT OF THE HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT OF SALE OF A
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE AND SENTENCE AS A HABITUAL OFFENDER FOR A
TERM OF THIRTY YEARS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT
OF CORRECTIONS IS AFFIRMED. HARRISON COUNTY IS TAXED WITH ALL COSTS
OF THIS APPEAL.
FRAISER, C.J., BARBER, COLEMAN, DIAZ, KING, McMILLIN, PAYNE, AND
SOUTHWICK, JJ., CONCUR. THOMAS, P.J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
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