Kenneth W. Keys v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2009-CA-01050-COA
KENNETH W. KEYS
APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
APPELLEE
5/27/2009
HON. ROBERT B. HELFRICH
FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
HERBERT H. KLEIN
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: BILLY L. GORE
CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
MOTION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
DENIED
REVERSED AND RENDERED - 10/19/2010
EN BANC.
ROBERTS, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1.
Kenneth Keys appeals the judgment of the Forrest County Circuit Court, which denied
his motion to mandate parole eligibility on Keys’s life sentence for a 1987 murder
conviction. Finding that the trial court lacked the jurisdiction necessary to consider Keys’s
motion, we reverse and render.
FACTS
¶2.
On February 6, 1987, Keys entered a guilty plea in Forrest County Circuit Court to
murder. Keys was sentenced to life in the custody of the Mississippi Department of
Corrections (MDOC). Because of the law in effect at the time of his conviction, Keys was
eligible for parole after serving ten years of the life sentence. Keys was paroled on
November 4, 1998, after serving eleven years and nine months. Three and one-half years
later, on April 30, 2002, Keys’s parole was revoked for reasons not apparent from the record
on appeal. Keys was paroled again four months later on August 28, 2002.
¶3.
In December 2002, while on parole for the second time, Keys was accused of simple
assault of a police officer. Subsequently, his parole was revoked again. Keys was then
convicted of simple assault of a police officer and sentenced to five years in the custody of
MDOC, with the sentence to run consecutively to his previously imposed life sentence.
Because Keys committed the felony assault while on parole status, the trial judge correctly
ordered the five-year sentence to run consecutively to Keys’s life sentence.1
¶4.
On March 21, 2008, Keys filed a motion to mandate parole eligibility, which the trial
court treated as a motion for post-conviction relief. Following an evidentiary hearing on May
19, 2009, the circuit court denied Keys’s motion. Relying on section 99-19-21, the circuit
court found that Keys could not commence serving his five-year sentence until the
termination of his life sentence.
¶5.
Keys finds error in the circuit court’s judgment and raises two assignments of error
on appeal: (1) the circuit court erred in ruling that Keys was ineligible for parole on his life
sentence, and (2) the circuit court’s application of Snow v. Johnson, 913 So. 2d 334 (Miss.
Ct. App. 2005) constitutes an ex-post-facto law. However, because we find that Keys did
1
Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-21 (Rev. 2007).
2
not exhaust his administrative remedies, we must reverse and render the trial court’s ruling
as it lacked the jurisdiction necessary to decide the issue.
DISCUSSION
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT HAD JURISDICTION TO
CONSIDER KEYS’S MOTION.
¶6.
Before we consider the issues Keys raises on appeal, we must first determine if the
trial court had the requisite jurisdiction to hear Keys’s case. Unsatisfied with the MDOC’s
apparent denial of his request to classify him as eligible for parole consideration by the
Mississippi Parole Board, Keys filed a motion to mandate parole eligibility pursuant to the
Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act. Although we may well not
disagree with the trial court’s legal conclusion that Keys is not eligible for classification as
parole eligible on his murder conviction, the trial court erroneously treated Keys’s motion
as if it were a motion for post-conviction relief and denied it. However, Keys’s request did
not complain about the validity of any of his convictions, of the sentences received, or that
he was unlawfully incarcerated. Instead, it simply argued that the MDOC had incorrectly
classified Keys as “parole ineligible.” A motion for post-conviction relief is not the correct
procedural vehicle for such an argument.2
¶7.
The purpose of the Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act “is to
provide prisoners with a procedure, limited in nature, to review those objections, defenses,
claims, questions, issues[,] or errors which in practical reality could not be or should not have
2
Melton v. State, 930 So. 2d 452, 456 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006) (holding that a
motion for PCR is not the correct means to seek relief for an alleged miscalculation of credit
for time served).
3
been raised at trial or on direct appeal.” 3 Not included within that purpose is the filing of a
direct action with a trial court concerning the administrative policies of the MDOC.
Furthermore, the only grounds for relief permitted under a motion for post-conviction relief
are as follows: a conviction or sentence is contrary to law; the trial court lacked jurisdiction
to impose a sentence; a conviction or sentence was obtained under a statute deemed
unconstitutional; the maximum sentence allowed was exceeded; new evidence not previously
presented and heard demands vacation of a conviction or sentence; a guilty plea was
involuntary; a sentence has expired; the petitioner’s probation, parole, or conditional release
was unlawfully revoked, or the inmate is otherwise unlawfully held; an out-of-time appeal
is proper; and the conviction or sentence is subject to collateral attack proper under common
law.4 Keys’s complaint does not fall under any of these provisions. Furthermore, he is not
asking to “set aside or correct the judgment or sentence [of a trial court],” or for an out-oftime appeal.5
¶8.
Pursuant to Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-5-801 (Rev. 2004), the MDOC
has set forth administrative procedures to review inmate’s complaints. “Any offender who
is aggrieved by an adverse decision rendered pursuant to any administrative-review
procedure under sections 47-5-801 through 47-5-807 may, within thirty (30) days after
receipt of the agency’s final decision, seek judicial review of the decision.” 6 Keys stated in
3
Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-3(2) (Rev. 2007).
4
Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(1)(a) - (i) (Supp. 2008).
5
Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(1)(i).
6
Miss. Code Ann. § 47-5-807 (Rev. 2004).
4
his initial motion that the MDOC had determined that he was ineligible for parole
consideration by the parole board. This statement was echoed by the trial court in its order
denying Keys’s motion and by the State in its brief to this Court. However, as argued by the
State in its response to Keys’s petition and in its brief to this Court, the record is completely
bare as to any proof that Keys ever exhausted his administrative remedies or even voiced his
grievance through the MDOC’s administrative-review procedure. As such, neither the trial
court nor this Court has jurisdiction to hear the substance of Keys’s appeal.7
¶9.
Nevertheless, we have previously concluded “that an inmate may contest matters such
as [the correct computation of a parole-eligibility date] as an original action in circuit court.” 8
This holding, and other similar holdings handed down by this Court, were based upon the
supreme court’s resolution of Wilson v. Puckett, 721 So. 2d 1110, 1111-12 (¶5) (Miss. 1998)
and Williams v. Puckett, 624 So. 2d 496, 497 (Miss. 1993). Both Williams and Wilson,
unlike this case, involved inmates filing a petition for writ of habeas corpus with the circuit
court claiming they were unlawfully held in custody and requesting a review of the MDOC’s
determination of parole dates and earned-time allowance. Wilson, 721 So. 2d at 1111-12
(¶5); Williams, 624 So. 2d at 497. Further, neither Wilson nor Williams utilized any of the
administrative remedies available to them, and this omission was not discussed, or even
mentioned, in the resolution of either case. As such, both the supreme court and this Court
have apparently concluded that an inmate may bypass the administrative remedies available
7
Miss. Code Ann. § 47-5-803(2) (Rev. 2004); Roberts v. Miss. Dept. of Pub. Safety,
852 So. 2d 631, 634 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2003).
8
Lattimore v. Sparkman, 858 So. 2d 936, 938 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2003).
5
to him when aggrieved by a matter such as this. Given the Legislature’s mandate, such
simply cannot be the case.
¶10.
Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-5-803(2) (Rev. 2004) states that: “No state
court shall entertain an offender’s grievance or complaint which falls under the purview of
the administrative-review procedure unless and until such offender shall have exhausted the
remedies as provided in such procedure.” (Emphasis added). It could not be any more clear
that the Legislature did not intend to give any court, be it at the trial or appellate level, the
jurisdiction to decide matters of an administrative nature unless and until an inmate had
exhausted every option available under the MDOC’s administrative policies. The MDOC
published its administrative policy in April 1994, and it allows an inmate to request an
administrative remedy for “situations arising from policies, conditions, or events within the
Department of Corrections that affect them personally . . . .” This is the path Keys must first
trod if he wishes to have his claims heard by the judiciary.
¶11.
Therefore, we must dismiss Keys’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Based on the
record, we have no knowledge whether Keys ever presented his grievance administratively
to the MDOC, or did so but failed to timely appeal an adverse determination to the courts.
¶12.
In addition to the fact that we do not legally have the authority to speak to Keys’s
issues, if we were to nevertheless reach the merits of his appeal, it would do a disservice to
the MDOC and fly in the face of its statutory right to initially address grievances with its
administrative determinations. We should not simply step in the shoes of the MDOC when
it has not had a chance to walk in them first.
¶13.
THE JUDGMENT OF THE FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
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DENYING THE MOTION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF IS REVERSED AND
RENDERED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE
APPELLANT.
LEE, P.J., GRIFFIS, BARNES, CARLTON AND MAXWELL, JJ., CONCUR.
IRVING, J., CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION. ISHEE, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN
OPINION JOINED BY KING, C.J., AND MYERS, P.J.
ISHEE, J., DISSENTING:
¶14.
While I respect the majority’s opinion, I must dissent, as I believe this Court has
jurisdiction over Kenneth Keys’s appeal, and the issues are clear.
¶15.
In his first assignment of error, Keys argues that the Forrest County Circuit Court
erred when it found that the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) correctly
determined that he was ineligible for parole as to his life sentence for murder. Both Keys and
the State contend that pursuant to Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-7-3 (Supp. 2009),
Keys is not eligible for parole on his five-year sentence for simple assault of a police officer.
After substantial review, I am unable to find support in the record for Keys’s contention that
his five-year sentence is not eligible for parole.9 Regardless of whether Keys is eligible for
parole on his five-year sentence, Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-21 (Rev. 2000),
prevents his release on parole for the 1987 murder conviction and life sentence because his
five-year sentence must run consecutively to his life sentence.
9
It appears that the parties relied on section 47-7-3(1)(a) or section 47-7-3(1)(g) in
determining that Keys’s five-year sentence is not eligible for parole. However, there is no
support in the record that either of those subsections would apply to Keys’s five-year
sentence. Keys was not sentenced as a habitual offender. Furthermore, simple assault of a
police officer is not one of the crimes enumerated in section 47-7-3(1)(g) for which an
offender loses parole eligibility. See Miss. Att’y Gen. Op. No. 2001-0545, 2001 WL
1229381, Johnson (Sept. 19, 2001).
7
¶16.
Section 99-19-21(1) prevents Keys from being paroled on his 1987 life sentence and
serving his five-year sentence for simple assault. Section 99-19-21 states:
(1) When a person is sentenced to imprisonment on two (2) or more
convictions, the imprisonment on the second, or each subsequent conviction
shall, in the discretion of the court, commence either at the termination of the
imprisonment for the preceding conviction or run concurrently with the
preceding conviction.
(2) When a person is sentenced to imprisonment for a felony committed while
the person was on parole, probation, earned-release supervision, post-release
supervision or suspended sentence, the imprisonment shall commence at the
termination of the imprisonment for the preceding conviction. The term of
imprisonment for a felony committed during parole, probation, earned-release
supervision, post-release supervision or suspended sentence shall not run
concurrently with any preceding term of imprisonment. If the person is not
imprisoned in a penitentiary for the preceding conviction, he shall be placed
immediately in the custody of the Department of Corrections to serve the term
of imprisonment for the felony committed while on parole, probation,
earned-release supervision, post-release supervision or suspended sentence.
(Emphasis added). Because Keys was convicted of committing simple assault on a police
officer while he was on parole, Keys must complete his life sentence for the murder
conviction before he can begin serving his five-year sentence for simple assault.
Furthermore, Keys’s sentence for simple assault on a police officer was ordered to run
consecutively to Keys’s life sentence for murder. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-21(1). Thus,
even if section 99-19-21(2) did not apply to Keys’s five-year sentence, section 99-19-21(1)
prevents him from serving his five-year sentence until the completion of his life sentence.
¶17.
In Snow v. Johnson, 913 So. 2d 334, 337 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005), this Court
upheld the MDOC’s interpretation of section 99-19-21, finding that the MDOC’s prior
practice of allowing inmates to interrupt their parole-eligible sentences to serve their nonparole-eligible sentences was contrary to section 99-19-21. In this case, Keys must first
8
serve his life sentence, without eligibility for parole or probation, before he can serve his
five-year sentence; thus, his life sentence will equate to his entire lifetime. Accordingly,
Keys will never technically be able to serve his five-year sentence for simple assault on a
police officer since completion of his life sentence should occur upon his death.
¶18.
In his second assignment of error, Keys argues that the 1995 amendment to
Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-7-3 should not be applied to his life sentence for
murder because he was convicted and sentenced prior to 1995. According to Keys, use of
section 47-7-3 to deprive him of parole eligibility on his 1987 life sentence for murder
violates the Ex-Post-Facto Clause of Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution.
¶19.
As mentioned previously, I see no indication in the record that section 47-7-3 had any
bearing on Keys’s parole eligibility on either of his sentences. The true impediment to
Keys’s parole continues to be section 99-19-21, which requires that Keys complete his life
sentence before beginning service of his five-year sentence. Because it appears the record
does not support Keys’s contention that either of his sentences has been affected by the 1995
amendment to section 47-7-3, I believe that his argument that application of that section to
his sentence constitutes an ex-post-facto law is without merit.
KING, C.J., AND MYERS, P.J., JOIN THIS OPINION.
9
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