Imperial Palace Casino v. Johnie E. Wilson, Jr.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2006-WC-00056-COA
IMPERIAL PALACE CASINO AND GREAT
AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY
APPELLANTS
v.
JOHNIE E. WILSON, JR.
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
APPELLEE
11/7/2005
HON. JERRY O. TERRY, SR.
HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
MERI ELIZABETH BARR
JOHN S. GONZALEZ
JAMES KENNETH WETZEL
CIVIL - WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
DECISION OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
COMMISSION AFFIRMED.
AFFIRMED – 12/12/2006
BEFORE LEE, P.J., IRVING AND ISHEE, JJ.
IRVING, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1.
This appeal arises out of a worker’s compensation claim filed against Imperial Palace Casino
by Johnie Wilson, Jr. On February 11, 2004, an administrative judge determined that Wilson’s claim
was compensable. Thereafter, Imperial Palace and Wilson both appealed that ruling to the
Mississippi Workers’ Compensation Commission (the Commission). The Commission found that
Wilson’s claim was compensable, and, as urged by Wilson, ordered Imperial Palace to pay full
disability benefits to Wilson, rather than the partial benefits ordered by the administrative judge.
Imperial Palace then appealed the Commission’s decision to the Harrison County Circuit Court,
which affirmed. Aggrieved, Imperial Palace now appeals to this Court and asserts four allegations
of error: first, that there was no causal relationship between Wilson’s injury and his work; second,
that a letter from Wilson’s attorney was insufficient to constitute a return to work; third, that
Wilson’s job search was not reasonable; and fourth, that Wilson’s refusal to cooperate with Imperial
Palace’s vocational expert should have been taken into account by the Commission.
¶2.
Finding no error, we affirm.
FACTS
¶3.
Wilson was hired by Imperial Palace in February of 2001. At that time, he suffered from
chronic back pain, possibly as a result of an accident with a former employer. As part of his work
for Imperial Palace, Wilson had to carry bags of coins weighing twenty to thirty pounds. Wilson
testified that he was told by management at Imperial Palace to carry these bags on his shoulder.
Wilson indicated that, on average, he might have to carry thirty of these bags each night he worked.
¶4.
Wilson worked a full shift on October 25 and on October 26 of 2002. On October 27, Wilson
woke up with a stiff neck. Despite his discomfort, he returned to work and worked throughout the
week, although he testified that his pain intensified as the days passed. On October 31, 2002, Wilson
saw Dr. Pacita Coss, a general physician. Dr. Coss noted that Wilson appeared to be in severe pain
during their meeting. Wilson worked on November 1, but his pain was so severe on November 2
that he was unable to go to work. On November 4, Dr. Coss sent Wilson to a hospital emergency
room due to the severity of his pain.
¶5.
On November 18, Wilson met with Dr. Michael Lowry, a neurosurgeon. Wilson’s intake
form from the visit indicates that he was “probably” injured at work as he lifted bags of coins. On
November 26, Wilson underwent surgery, which apparently significantly reduced his pain, although
it did not ease the pain entirely. On May 7, 2003, Dr. Lowry indicated that Wilson could return to
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work on May 19, 2003, with some restrictions as to his activity.1 In a letter dated May 16, 2003,
Wilson’s attorney asked Dr. Lowry to review an attached copy of Wilson’s job duties and indicate
whether Wilson could return to those duties. In mid-August, Dr. Lowry sent a response to Wilson’s
attorney, detailing which job duties Wilson could and could not perform. In that letter, Dr. Lowry
indicated that Wilson could return to work, but he would not be able to perform all of the activities
that he had performed prior to the injury, especially carrying around bags of coins on his shoulder.
¶6.
Despite Dr. Lowry’s opinion, Wilson never continued his work at Imperial Palace. Wilson
testified that he did not return to his job because he thought that, because of his restrictions, Imperial
Palace would not want him to return to work. On September 4, 2003, Wilson’s attorney sent a letter
to Imperial Palace, requesting that Imperial Palace contact Wilson if it had a job he could perform.
Imperial Palace never responded to the letter. Wilson testified that he enjoyed his job at Imperial
Palace, and would have continued working if he had not been injured.
¶7.
According to Wilson, he attempted to locate employment with numerous companies in
September of 2003. Wilson also made several follow-up attempts with some of the companies.
Tommy Sanders, a vocational rehabilitation expert, testified on behalf of Imperial Palace. Sanders
claimed that there were several jobs he had located for which Wilson was qualified. Sanders
testified that he believed that Wilson’s efforts to secure employment were “sporadic.” Wilson was
asked to work with Sanders to find employment, but he refused because of how close to the initial
hearing the request was made.
¶8.
Additional facts, as necessary, will be related during our discussion of the issues.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUES
1
For example, Dr. Lowry said that Wilson should not lift bags of coins at work, and instead
should be given a cart to transport coins.
3
Standard of Review
¶9.
When reviewing the Commission’s determination, the Commission is “the ultimate judge
of the credibility of witnesses.” Barber Seafood, Inc. v. Smith, 911 So. 2d 454, 461 (¶27) (Miss.
2005) (quoting Hardaway Co. v. Bradley, 887 So. 2d 793, 795 (¶11) (Miss. 2004)). As a result, we
“must defer to decisions by the Commission on issues of fact and credibility unless the Commission
commits prejudicial error.” Id. (quoting Hardaway, 887 So. 2d at 795 (¶11)). We “must affirm .
. . where substantial evidence supports the Commission’s order.” Id. (quoting Hardaway, 887 So.
2d at 795 (¶11)). Therefore, we will reverse only if we find that the Commission’s order was
“clearly erroneous and contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence.” Id. (quoting
Hardaway, 887 So. 2d at 795 (¶11)).
¶10.
After a finding of permanent partial disability, a “claimant bears the burden [in proving total
disability] of making a prima facie showing that he has sought . . . work . . . pursuant to Mississippi
Code Annotated section 71-3-3(I) Rev. 2000) . Mc Neese v. Coopper Tire & Rubber Co., 627 So.
2d 321, 325 (Miss. 1993) (quoting Jordan v. Hercules, Inc. 600 So. 2d 179, 183 (Miss. 1992)).
However, when a claimant, after reaching maximum medical recovery, “reports back to his employer
for work, and the employer refuses to reinstate or rehire him, then it is prima facie that the claimant
has met his burden of showing total disability. The burden then shifts to the employer to prove a
partial disability or that the employee has suffered no loss of wage earning capacity.” Id. (quoting
Jordan, 600 So. 2d at 183).
1. Causal Relationship
¶11.
In its first allegation of error, Imperial Palace claims that the court erred in affirming the
Commission’s determination that there was a causal relationship between Wilson’s work and his
injury. Imperial Palace bases its allegation on evidence that Wilson did not tell Dr. Lowry that his
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injury had been caused at work. Imperial Palace claims that Wilson “merely mentioned in his in-take
form that he probably was injured at work and that he had been carrying coins the day before but it
did not bother him until the next day.” Imperial Palace also contends that Dr. Lowry testified in his
deposition that “a disc herniation could be caused by sleeping the wrong way . . . or equally by many
other factors as well.” Imperial Palace acknowledges Dr. Lowry’s conclusion that Wilson’s
employment contributed to his injury, but dismisses that opinion as “mere ‘speculation.’”
¶12.
While it is true that Wilson denied being injured at work during his first meeting with Dr.
Lowry, Dr. Lowry further explained in his deposition that he and Wilson both thought that Wilson’s
work likely caused his injury: “I remember him talking to me about this, wanting to know what I
thought about that. And he was wondering it, too: ‘Well, did my kind of work--’ ‘Since you don’t
want me to lift these heavy bags, did that have anything to do with [the injury]?’” Although Dr.
Lowry spoke in terms of speculation during his deposition, he made a much stronger statement in
his letter sent to Wilson’s attorney: “I do feel that the kind of work that he was doing prior to the
onset of this problem, did contribute to the cervical disc herniation, at the very least.” Furthermore,
although Dr. Lowry’s notes from his first meeting with Wilson indicate that Wilson said he did not
suffer a neck injury at work, Dr. Lowry immediately thereafter noted that “[i]n his job he does have
to carry bags of coins and he frequently puts them up on his shoulder to carry them.” Dr. Lowry also
testified that the fact that Wilson put on his intake form that he probably injured himself at work was
significant. Dr. Lowry testified that Wilson’s failure to mention that he was injured at work during
their actual meeting could have been a result of the severe amount of pain that Wilson was in at the
time: “It might have distracted him some in my – in his answering my questions. He was very
uncomfortable that day.”
5
¶13.
Wilson testified that he told Dr. Lowry at their first meeting that the “only thing that I have
done around my neck is carry bags.” Imperial Palace notes several times that Wilson suffered from
a pre-existing back condition, but we note that Wilson clearly testified that he had never had a neck
injury. A back injury is not the same as a neck injury. Although Dr. Lowry released Wilson to
return to work on May 19, 2003, Wilson testified that “[Dr. Lowry] told me he didn’t advise it. He
said that I could reinjure myself, you know. That he did not advise doing that . . . the way I
remember it he didn’t advise me to go back to doing that type of work.”
¶14.
Referring to when he began to feel pain, Wilson testified that he had no pain prior to waking
up that day. However, in Wilson’s medical records from Dr. Coss’s office, Dr. Coss writes: “Johnie
is having a lot of pain in his neck which goes down his shoulder and his right hand. He says he
hasn’t had this for a couple of years.” This statement indicates that Wilson had suffered from a
similar injury in the past. No further mention of any prior injury to Wilson’s neck is made anywhere
in the record.
¶15.
In order for Wilson’s claim to be compensable, his injury need only be connected to his
employment. Sharpe v. Choctaw Elecs. Enters., 767 So. 2d 1002, 1005 (¶13) (Miss. 2000). An
employee’s work does not need to be the “sole source of the injury.” Id. (quoting Chapman v.
Hanson Scale Co., 495 So. 2d 1357, 1360 (Miss. 1986)). The Mississippi Supreme Court
specifically noted: “Injury . . . arises out of and in the course of employment even when the
employment merely aggravates, accelerates or contributes to the injury.” Id. (quoting Chapman, 495
So. 2d at 1360).
¶16.
Because Wilson’s injury need not have been caused solely by his work at Imperial Palace,
this issue is without merit. We note that Wilson could attribute no other cause to his sudden pain,
other than carrying coins on his shoulder. We further note that Dr. Lowry specifically opined that
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“I do feel that the kind of work that he was doing prior to the onset of this problem, did contribute
to the cervical disc herniation, at the very least.” (emphasis added). By contrast, Imperial Palace
presented no evidence that Wilson’s injury was not caused by his work at Imperial Palace, or that
the work did not contribute to Wilson’s injury. Clearly, substantial evidence exists from which the
Commission could have determined that Wilson’s employment caused his injury. This contention
of error is without merit.
2. Attempt to Return to Work
¶17.
In this allegation of error, Imperial Palace claims that the letter sent by Wilson’s attorney
requesting that Imperial Palace notify Wilson of any job it had for him was insufficient to satisfy a
presumption of total loss of wage earning capacity.2 Imperial Palace claims that the letter “is not the
equivalent of the Claimant actually presenting himself and reporting back to work.” As support,
Imperial Palace cites numerous cases where the presumption was not raised because an employer
did not rehire a former employee sua sponte. In other words, in all the cases cited by Imperial
Palace, the employee did not attempt to contact his former employer and seek reemployment.
¶18.
The cases cited by Imperial Palace are clearly distinguishable on their facts. Wilson did, in
fact, take action in this case to seek reemployment with Imperial Palace. While Wilson did not
physically report to Imperial Palace, his attorney sent a letter to Imperial Palace on his behalf
explicitly requesting that Imperial Palace notify Wilson if it had a job for him. Imperial Palace’s
failure to respond in any way to this letter was a failure to reemploy Wilson. No authority is cited
by Imperial Palace to indicate that contact by mail, rather than in person, is insufficient to constitute
an attempt to return to work. In fact, one of the cases cited by Imperial Palace, Boyd v. Miss.
2
As discussed earlier in this opinion, a claimant must report back to his employer in order
to activate a presumption that a partial disability is in fact a total permanent disability. McNeese, 627
So. 2d at 325 (quoting Jordan, 600 So. 2d at 183).
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Workers’ Comp. Comm’n Self-Insurer Guar. Ass’n, 919 So. 2d 163, 168 (¶23) (Miss. Ct. App.
2005), explicitly notes: “Boyd had the burden to seek the same employment . . . [and] failed to do
this when she did not call [her employer] or make any other attempt to return to work. . . .” Clearly,
this opinion indicates that a phone call or “any other attempt” might constitute an attempt to return
to work.
¶19.
Imperial Palace claims that allowing the letter to constitute a return to work will “dissuade
employers from rehiring injured workers.” Imperial Palace fails to explain the logic behind this
statement, and we are unpersuaded by the argument. If anything, our holding encourages employers
to rehire injured workers. Clearly, if Imperial Palace had responded to the letter sent by Wilson’s
attorney with an offer of employment, the presumption of total disability would not have been raised,
as the presumption operates only when an employer refuses to rehire an injured worker. Imperial
Palace’s argument to the contrary is without merit. This allegation of error is also denied.
3. Job Search
¶20.
In its third contention of error, Imperial Palace claims that the Commission erred in finding
that Wilson’s job search was reasonable and was made in good faith. As support, Imperial Palace
points out that Wilson was officially released to return to work on May 19, 2003, but did not pursue
any employment throughout May, June, July, or August of 2003. Imperial Palace also contends that
the burden of proof should have been on Wilson because he did not make an attempt to return to
work at Imperial Palace. Since we have already found that Wilson made an attempt to return to
work, and Imperial Palace refused to hire him, Wilson has met the presumption of total disability,
and the burden properly shifted to Imperial Palace to show that Wilson has suffered no reduction in
earning capacity. “In such a posture, the employer may present evidence (if any) showing that the
claimant’s efforts to obtain other employment was a mere sham, or less than reasonable, or without
8
proper diligence.” Hale v. Ruleville Health Care Ctr., 687 So. 2d 1221, 1227 (Miss. 1997) (citations
omitted).
¶21.
As support, Imperial Palace cites Hale, and claims that the facts in the present case are
similar to the facts in Hale. In Hale, a claimant’s job search was found to be unreasonable and not
diligent where the claimant began her job search only one month before her Commission hearing and
where the claimant, when questioned as to her efforts, could only recall one other specific instance
of searching for employment. Id. We find that the facts are notably different in the present case.
The documentation presented clearly indicates that Wilson began his job search in earnest in
September of 2003. The list provided by Wilson in mid-January of 2004 enumerated six attempts
to locate employment between September 3, 2003, and October 6, 2003. In addition, twelve undated
attempts to locate employment with specific companies were listed. Wilson’s hearing before the
Commission did not occur until February 11, 2004. Therefore, the record is clear that Wilson’s
initial attempts to locate employment began more than four months prior to his hearing, unlike the
claimant in Hale, who began her job search only one month before her hearing.
¶22.
At the hearing, Wilson explained that he included specific dates only for the contacts that he
was certain of. He testified that, although he was certain he had contacted the other potential
employers, he did not know specifically on what dates he had done so. Wilson also testified that he
made additional contacts other than those listed on the document given to Imperial Palace prior to
the hearing.3 Furthermore, Wilson listed specific dates in mid-January when he had followed up on
3
The transcript of the hearing indicates that Wilson would have testified regarding the
specifics of those contacts if he had been allowed to. However, repeated objections by Imperial
Palace’s attorney precluded such testimony. Imperial Palace claimed that Wilson could not testify
about any job search efforts outside of those detailed in the list given to Imperial Palace, and the
administrative judge finally told Wilson’s attorney: “Well, but you’re going to get repeated
objections from [Imperial Palace’s attorney], and frankly I think [the documentation given to
Imperial Palace] is a good recapitulation of what he did that you don’t need to elaborate on. . . .”
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some of the contacts. When questioned by Imperial Palace’s attorney at the hearing as to why he had
not followed up sooner on the employment contacts, Wilson explained: “I was told by most of the
people . . . that I would be gotten in touch with, and to not make them mad, no, I didn’t go back and
follow up then, but I have probably made them mad now because I have really been following up
on them, you know.”
¶23.
Imperial Palace also claims that Wilson’s claim should fail for failure to provide “medical
proof of such disability.” As support, Imperial Palace cites Thompson v. Wells-Lamont Corp., 362
So. 2d 638, 641 (Miss. 1978), where the Mississippi Supreme Court found that a claimant had made
out a prima facie case for permanent total disability. In so finding, the court noted that “[m]edical
proof in the record shows that claimant has a permanent disability rendering her functionally
disabled. . . .” Id. However, in Morris v. Lansdell’s Frame Co., 547 So. 2d 782, 785 (Miss. 1989)
(citing Hall of Miss., Inc. v. Green, 467 So. 2d 935, 938 (Miss. 1985)), the Mississippi Supreme
Court held: “Disability need not be proved by medical testimony so long as there is medical
testimony which will support a finding of disability.” Furthermore, in this case, although Dr. Lowry
indicated that Wilson could return to work with restrictions, Dr. Lowry also made a finding that
Wilson had a twenty-percent permanent partial impairment as a result of his injury. Therefore, there
was medical evidence regarding Wilson’s disability. Under Mississippi law, Imperial Palace’s
failure to rehire Wilson, combined with his inability to find employment after a diligent search,
raises a presumption that Wilson has been totally disabled. The burden is on Imperial Palace to
prove otherwise.
¶24.
Substantial evidence exists to support the Commission’s finding. Therefore, the Commission
was not clearly erroneous, and this assignment of error is without merit.
4. Vocational Expert
10
¶25.
In its final contention of error, Imperial Palace claims that the Commission erred in not
requiring Wilson to work with Sanders, Imperial Palace’s vocational expert. As support, Imperial
Palace notes that other jurisdictions have allowed termination of a claimant’s benefits when the
claimant refused to cooperate with a vocational expert. Imperial Palace argues that, at a minimum,
Wilson’s refusal to cooperate with Sanders should weigh against Wilson’s diligence in seeking
employment.
¶26.
Because the Mississippi Supreme Court has not yet addressed this question, we fail to see
how the Commission could be clearly erroneous for failing to terminate Wilson’s benefits.
Furthermore, we note that Imperial Palace’s expert was retained on January 15, 2004, less than a
month before the scheduled hearing in the matter. Under such circumstances, the Commission was
not clearly erroneous for finding that Wilson’s job search was diligent, despite his refusal to work
with the expert. Wilson’s attorney made it clear during Sanders’ deposition that Wilson had refused
to meet with Sanders due to the short amount of time before Wilson’s hearing.
¶27.
This contention of error is also without merit.
¶28. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HARRISON COUNTY IS
AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANTS.
KING, C.J., LEE AND MYERS, P.JJ., SOUTHWICK, CHANDLER, GRIFFIS,
BARNES, ISHEE AND ROBERTS, JJ., CONCUR.
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