Sherman V. Johnson v. Donald J. Blackwood
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2003-CA-02707-COA
SHERMAN V. JOHNSON, A MINOR, BY AND
THROUGH HIS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND,
LUBERTHA JOHNSON
APPELLANT
v.
DONALD J. BLACKWOOD, M. D., MERT C. TOLER,
M. D., FAMILY MEDICAL CLINIC OF CLEVELAND,
LTD., AND BOLIVAR MEDICAL CENTER
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
11/12/2003
HON. LARRY O. LEWIS
BOLIVAR COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ELLIS TURNAGE
TAMEKIA ROCHELLE GOLIDAY
JASON EDWARD DARE
CHRISTOPHER WAYNE WINTER
L. CARL HAGWOOD
GEORGE QUINN EVANS
KIMBERLY NELSON HOWLAND
CIVIL - MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
TRIAL COURT FOUND THAT APPELLANT’S
CLAIM WAS FILED BEYOND THE
APPLICABLE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS AND
GRANTED APPELLEES’ SUMMARY
JUDGMENT MOTIONS
AFFIRMED: 07/19/2005
BEFORE LEE, P.J., IRVING AND CHANDLER, JJ.
IRVING, J., FOR THE COURT:
APPELLEES
¶1.
On January 28, 2002, Sherman V. Johnson filed a medical malpractice action, by and through his
mother Lubertha Johnson, against Dr. Donald J. Blackwood, Bolivar Medical Center (formerly Bolivar
County Hospital (BCH)), and several other defendants, alleging damages due to negligent medical care
rendered by the defendants.1 Sherman further alleged damages due to the “negligent loss or destruction”
of his medical records and breach of contract. Additionally, Sherman alleged that he was entitled to
recover under the theory of res ipsa loquitur. The complaint was subsequently amended to add Family
Medical Clinic of Cleveland, Ltd. (FMCCL), now Family Medical Clinic, and Dr. Mert Toler as
defendants.
¶2.
In response, Dr. Blackwood and his codefendants filed summary judgment motions, alleging that
Sherman’s suit was barred by the applicable statute of limitations. Shortly thereafter, the trial judge entered
orders granting the defendants’ motions and dismissing Sherman’s claim. Aggrieved, Sherman now appeals
the trial judge’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendants.
¶3.
We find no reversible error; therefore, we affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment.
FACTS
¶4.
Sherman Johnson was born a healthy infant on November 7, 1983. After his birth, Sherman
periodically received medical care from Dr. Blackwood and Dr. Toler at the Family Medical Clinic in
Cleveland, Mississippi. The facts which led to this lawsuit began when Sherman was eight months old.
Sherman alleged in his complaint that:
[o]n July 5, 1984, [Sherman] Johnson presented to Dr. Toler at FMCCL with a history
of “head cold,” blisters on his feet from rubbing his feet together, an elevated temperature,
and vomiting. Dr. Toler’s examination revealed left otitis media. Dr. Toler indicated that
the neck had increased muscle tone, but there was no follow-up of this examination.
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Several of the original defendants were dismissed from the suit before the summary judgment
hearing.
2
Sherman further alleged that:
[o]n July 15, 1984, Johnson presented to the BCH Emergency room with a two-week
history of nasal and chest congestion, plus fever for the past few days. When he presented
to the emergency room, he had obvious nuchal rigidity and was admitted under the care
and treatment of Dr. Blackwood.
Sherman was ultimately diagnosed with acute bacterial meningitis and was subsequently transferred to the
University Medical Center in Jackson for further care and treatment. Due to complications caused by the
meningitis, Sherman now suffers from severe mental retardation and neurological damage.
¶5.
In February and April of 1991, Sherman’s attorney requested a copy of Sherman’s medical
records from Bolivar Medical Center and Family Medical Clinic.2 Medical records were also requested
from the University Medical Center. Shortly thereafter, Sherman’s attorney forwarded the records
obtained from the University Medical Center to an expert for review. The expert opined that Sherman’s
treatment did not substantially deviate from the standard of care.
¶6.
On October 8, 1992, Lubertha petitioned the Bolivar County Chancery Court for letters of
guardianship and for the authorization to file suit and employ an attorney on Sherman’s behalf. That same
day, a judge entered an order granting Lubertha’s request. No further action was taken until May 1998,
when Sherman’s attorney again attempted to get an expert to render an opinion regarding Sherman’s
medical care and treatment. This expert similarly failed to render a favorable opinion after reviewing
Sherman’s records.
¶7.
On January 28, 2002, Sherman filed the present action against the defendants by and through his
mother Lubertha. After filing suit, Sherman’s attorney again submitted Sherman’s medical records to three
2
Bolivar Medical Center alleged that portions of Sherman’s medical records were unavailable due
to a microfilming error. The hospital, however, obtained partial copies of the records from Dr. Blackwood
and forwarded them to Sherman’s attorney.
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additional experts before obtaining a favorable opinion from Dr. Robert Cullen in February 2003. Dr.
Cullen opined that Sherman’s neurological devastation was caused by Dr. Blackwood and Dr. Toler’s
medical negligence. Additional facts will be related during our discussion of the issues.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUES
Standard of Review
¶8.
Dr. Blackwood and his codefendants filed summary judgment motions based upon the statute of
limitation’s defense.3 Summary judgment is proper “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories
and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any
material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” M.R.C.P. 56 (c). “All
that is required of an opposing party to survive a motion for summary judgment is to establish a genuine
issue of material fact by the means available under the rule.” Lowery v. Guar. Bank and Trust Co., 592
So. 2d 79, 81 (Miss. 1991) (citing Galloway v. Traveler’s Ins. Co., 515 So. 2d 678, 682 (Miss. 1987)).
“In determining whether the entry of summary judgment [is] appropriate, [the appellate court] reviews the
judgment de novo, making its own determination on the motion, separate and apart from that of the trial
court.” Lowery, 592 So. 2d at 81. “The evidentiary matters are viewed in the light most favorable to the
non-moving party.” Id. “If after this examination, there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, summary judgment is affirmed, but if after examining the
evidentiary matters there is a genuine issue of material fact, the grant of summary judgment is reversed.”
Lowery, 592 So. 2d at 81(citing Newell v. Hinton, 556 So. 2d 1037, 1041 (Miss. 1990)).
Sherman’s Discovery of the Injury
3
The trial judge noted that Dr. Toler’s motion, which was styled “Supplemental Motion to Dismiss,
or in the Alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment,” was converted to a summary judgment motion
because matters outside of the pleadings were considered by the court.
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¶9.
The crux of Sherman’s argument on appeal is that the trial judge erred in concluding that the statute
of limitations had run on his medical negligence claim. Sherman contends that because he did not discover
that he had an actionable injury until February 2003, when first informed of the defendants’ negligence by
Dr. Cullen, the statute of limitations did not begin to run until that particular time. He further contends that
the trial court invaded the province of the jury when it determined that he had failed to exercise reasonable
diligence in discovering his claim, as this was a question of fact for the jury. Sherman also argues, for the
first time on appeal, that the defendants fraudulently concealed his medical negligence claim by removing
and destroying pertinent parts of his medical records.
¶10.
Mississippi Code Annotated section 15-1-36 (Supp. 1984), the applicable statute of limitations
in existence at the time of Sherman’s treatment, states in pertinent part as follows:
no claim in tort may be brought against a licensed physician, osteopath, dentist, hospital,
institution for the aged or infirm, nurse, pharmacist, podiatrist, optometrist or chiropractor
for injuries or wrongful death arising out of the course of medical, surgical or other
professional services unless it is filed within two (2) years from the date the alleged act,
omission or negligence shall or with reasonable diligence might have been first known or
discovered.
¶11.
“The two-year statute of limitations does not commence running until the patient discovers or should
have discovered that he has a cause of action.” Smith v. Sanders, 485 So. 2d 1051, 1052 (Miss. 1986)
(citing Pittman v. Hodges, 462 So. 2d 330, 332-34 (Miss. 1984)). “The focus is on the time that the
patient discovers, or should have discovered by the exercise of reasonable diligence, that he probably had
an actionable injury.” Id. “The operative time is when the patient can reasonably be held to have
knowledge of the injury itself, the cause of the injury, and the causative relationship between the injury and
the conduct of the medical practitioner.” Id.
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¶12.
We note from the outset that the trial court properly recognized that the statute of limitations begins
to run against a ward or minor when that ward or minor has a guardian or conservator who is authorized
to employ attorneys and bring an action on behalf of the minor. See USF&G Co. v. Conservatorship of
Melson, 809 So. 2d 647, 654 (¶27) (Miss. 2002).
¶13.
Here, the record reflects that Lubertha received authorization to pursue a medical negligence claim
on Sherman’s behalf in October 1992. Lubertha, however, waited until January 28, 2002, almost ten years
after receiving authorization, and approximately eighteen years after Sherman’s treatment, to file a cause
of action on his behalf. As a result, we find that Sherman’s suit clearly exceeded the time period provided
for in the applicable statute of limitations. We further find that Sherman has failed to present evidence that
he could not have discovered, with the exercise of reasonable diligence, the alleged relationship between
his injury and the treatment provided by the defendants. Because the record fails to reveal a genuine issue
of material fact regarding Sherman’s exercise of due diligence, the trial judge properly dismissed his claim.
¶14.
Although Sherman claims that he did not discover the defendants’ negligence until informed by Dr.
Cullen in 2003, we find that the record is clear that Sherman recognized as early as 1992 the existence of
a relationship between the defendants’ alleged negligence and his injury. First, Lubertha specifically alleged
in her petitions for guardianship and authorization to file suit that she was under the belief that the defendants
had provided negligent medical care, treatment, and a diagnosis which had resulted in serious and
permanent bodily injuries to Sherman. Additionally, the order entered by the trial court authorizing the
suit’s filing and the employment of an attorney further stated that:
On or about July 15, 1984, Sherman Vunta Johnson contracted bacterial meningitis and
sought medical care, treatment and diagnosis from certain medical doctors and providers
in Cleveland, Bolivar County, Mississippi. Upon information and belief, these medical
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doctors and providers failed to provide proper medical care, treatment and diagnosis
which resulted in serious and permanent bodily injuries to the aforesaid minor, Sherman
Vunta Johnson, due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Petitioner is advised and therefore avers on information and belief that there is probable
cause to believe that the medical providers and doctors breached certain duties owed to
the minor, Sherman Vunta Johnson.
¶15.
As previously noted, Sherman was put on notice as early as 1992 that he had a potential claim
against the defendants, therefore he should have exercised reasonable diligence in discovering that claim.
While Sherman may not have known with absolute certainty the alleged causative relationship between his
condition and the treatment provided by the defendants until advised by Dr. Cullen, we are not persuaded
that his late knowledge of the specifics of his injuries is sufficient to toll the running of the statute of
limitations. Moreover, there is no evidence of any actions taken by Sherman’s guardian between 1991 and
1998 to procure an expert opinion regarding the alleged medical negligence claim. We fail to discern how
this inaction can be properly described as “due diligence.”
¶16.
Sherman, citing Sarris v. Smith, 782 So. 2d 721 (Miss. 2001), also argues that the failure of the
Bolivar Medical Center to produce his medical records operated to toll the statute of limitations. The
fallacy in this argument is that Dr. Cullen’s opinion was not based on records that were later discovered.
Bolivar Medical Center tendered all the records it had or could obtain and advised Sherman that some
records could not be produced because of a microfilming error. Bolivar Medical Center was never able
to produce those records, yet Dr. Cullen was able to give an opinion without the benefit of the records.
If Dr. Cullen could give a favorable opinion in 2003, we see no reason why he could not have done the
same in 1992 or 1993.
¶17.
Finally, Sherman contends that the defendants fraudulently concealed his medical negligence claim.
However, the record reveals and the defendants properly advance that Sherman failed to raise this
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argument at the trial level. As a result, he is procedurally barred from now raising the issue for the first time
on appeal. See Crowe v. Smith, 603 So. 2d 301, 305 (Miss. 1992).
¶18.
Nevertheless, despite Sherman’s failure to raise this issue at the trial level, we still find that his
argument lacks merit for two reasons. First, Sherman failed to show some act or conduct of an affirmative
nature by the defendants that prevented the discovery of his claim, and second, he failed to show that he
had exercised due diligence in discovering the claim. See Robinson v. Cobb, 763 So. 2d 883, 887 (¶19)
(Miss. 2000). Accordingly, we find that the trial judge did not err in concluding that Sherman’s suit was
barred by the applicable two-year statute of limitations.
¶19. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BOLIVAR COUNTY IS
AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANT.
KING, C.J., BRIDGES AND LEE, P.JJ., MYERS, CHANDLER, GRIFFIS, AND
ISHEE, JJ., CONCUR. BARNES, J. NOT PARTICIPATING.
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