Kenneth Warren Bauman v. John Kenneth Briggs, Jr.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2003-CA-01089-COA
IN THE MATTER OF KENNETH WARREN
BAUMAN, ALLEGED TO BE MENTALLY ILL
DATE OF TRIAL COURT JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
3/19/2003
HON. EDWARD C. PRISOCK
KEMPER COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
MARVIN E. WIGGINS
AMY K. TAYLOR
CIVIL - OTHER
THE TRIAL COURT FOUND BAUMAN TO BE
IN NEED OF INPATIENT MENTAL
TREATMENT AND ORDERED
INVOLUNTARY COMMITMENT.
AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND
RENDERED IN PART - 07/20/2004
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE KING, C.J., BRIDGES, P.J., AND CHANDLER, J.
BRIDGES, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1.
On March 18, 2003, an affidavit and application for commitment was filed in the Chancery
Court of Kemper County. The petitioner, John Kenneth Briggs, Jr., alleged that the respondent,
Kenneth Warren Bauman, was a person mentally ill as defined by law.
¶2.
Subsequent to the filing thereof, Weems Mental Health Center was appointed and directed
to perform a pre-evaluation screening into the mental condition of Bauman as required by statute.
Following the pre-evaluation screening, Bauman was also examined by Dr. A. P. Soriano and Dr.
Jose Paz. Reports from the pre-evaluation, as well as the certificates of examining physician from
both Dr. Soriano and Dr. Paz were filed with the chancery court and made a part of the record.
¶3.
On March 19, 2003, a hearing was held on this matter in the Chancery Court of Winston
County. At the conclusion of the hearing, the chancellor found by clear and convincing evidence
that Bauman constituted a danger to himself and was in need of inpatient mental treatment.
However, due to lack of immediate available space at the East Mississippi State Hospital, the
chancellor ordered that Bauman be temporarily held at the Willowbrook Mental Health Facility in
Columbus, Mississippi, pending space becoming available at the State Hospital. Additionally, due
to the late hour that the hearing concluded, Bauman was ordered to be held overnight at the Neshoba
County General Hospital in Philadelphia, Mississippi, and to be transported to Willowbrook the
following morning.
¶4.
On April 2, 2003, Bauman was discharged from Willowbrook Mental Health Facility. The
certificate of discharge was filed in the Kemper County Clerk's Office on April 7, 2003, some three
days after Bauman filed his notice of appeal.
STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES
I. WHETHER THE REPORTS OF THE PHYSICIANS ALONE WERE SUFFICIENT TO MEET
THE BURDEN OF PROOF ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
A. WHETHER THIS CASE FALLS UNDER THE EXCEPTION TO THE MOOTNESS
DOCTRINE, "CAPABLE OF REPETITION YET EVADING REVIEW"
B. WHETHER MEDICAL REPORTS ARE SUFFICIENT TO ESTABLISH THE NEED
FOR INVOLUNTARY MENTAL COMMITMENT
II. WHETHER THE STATE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING FOR THE CARE AND
TREATMENT OF THOSE INVOLUNTARILY COMMITTED FOR INPATIENT MENTAL
TREATMENT AT THE COST OF THE STATE, EVEN IN SITUATIONS IN WHICH THE
DIRECTOR, AND/OR ANY AUTHORIZED AGENT THEREOF, OF THE APPLICABLE STATE
HOSPITAL DECLARES THAT THERE WILL BE NO AVAILABLE SPACE FOR SUCH
COMMITTED PERSON
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III. WHETHER THE PERSON COMMITTED INVOLUNTARILY FOR INPATIENT MENTAL
TREATMENT CAN BE REQUIRED TO BEAR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
COSTS OF HIS/HER PLACEMENT IN A PRIVATE FACILITY WHILE AWAITING
AVAILABLE SPACE IN A STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL
FACTS
¶5.
An affidavit and application for commitment was filed by John Kenneth Briggs, Jr., against
Kenneth Warren Bauman in the Chancery Count of Kemper County. The affidavit alleged numerous
allegations, including that Bauman was mentally ill as defined by law and posed a substantial
likelihood of physical harm to himself or others by a failure to provide necessary food, clothing,
shelter, or medical care for himself. The affidavit further alleged that Bauman had refused to take
medication which had been previously prescribed for him by a physician in Marion, Virginia, for
a prior diagnosis of bipolar disorder. It was also alleged in the affidavit that Bauman had exhibited
extremely poor sleeping habits in that he was sleeping on the floor, fully clothed, including
outerwear clothing with a box over his head, and that Bauman refused to bathe, refused to change
his clothes, and refused to eat.
¶6.
Additionally, the affidavit included specific alleged actions by Bauman including that
Bauman had been retrieved by law enforcement officers at 3:30 a.m., while walking down Highway
45 in Kemper County, Mississippi. Further, it is alleged that Bauman had been kneeling in front of
Briggs's convenience store crossing himself with the sign of the cross, and finally, that Bauman
allegedly was having difficulty performing mundane chores due to his inability to remain focused.
¶7.
The patient information portion of the affidavit and application, which was signed by
Bauman's father on March 18, 2003, noted that Bauman had previously been prescribed Lithium,
but was inconsistent in taking the medication. The information form also stated that Bauman had
two recent mental health commitments during the 2002 calendar year and also at least two mental
commitments in the distant past.
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¶8.
Additionally, the information form identified the problems that Bauman was experiencing
at the time, to include difficulty sleeping or eating, as well as emotional problems and social relation
disturbances with other family members and other people. It further stated that Bauman was
suffering from anxiety, fears, and phobias, and that he had stopped taking his medication and had
exhibited management problems at home, as well as suffering social withdrawal, isolation,
suspicions, delusions, anger and belligerence.
¶9.
Thereafter, the chancery clerk executed an appointment for pre-hearing evaluation screening,
which was conducted by Weems Mental Health Center which was instructed to make a full inquiry
into the mental condition of Bauman. Additionally, the clerk executed two appointment of physician
forms which instructed the physicians to make a thorough physical and mental evaluation of
Bauman. The physicians appointed were Dr. A. P. Soriano and Dr. Jose Paz.
¶10.
The pre-evaluation screening of Bauman was performed by E. Lee Steele at Weems
Community Health Center on March 19, 2003. The evaluation noted Bauman's previous mental
hospitalizations that occurred in both Marion, Virginia, and Cleveland, Ohio, within the last two
years. Steele indicated that Bauman exhibited a failure to care for himself in that he was unable to
provide necessary food, clothing, shelter, safety or medical care for himself. The evaluation also
noted that Bauman suffered from antisocial/criminal behavior such as stealing, lying, excessive
fighting, running away from home, family desertion, as well as using the assumed name of Joe
Jackson. Steele also observed psychotic-like behavior such as disorganized speech, forgetfulness,
disorientation, confusion, emotional turmoil, delusions and suspiciousness to name only a few
examples. At the conclusion of the evaluation, Steele opined that Bauman was "in need of inpatient
treatment, stabilization of medication (in which none at present time), monitoring of alcohol abuse
and mental illness.
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¶11.
On March 19, 2003, Dr. A. P. Soriano examined Bauman and completed the certificate of
examining physician which certified that he conducted a thorough mental and physical examination
of Bauman, and also attached his report to the certificate. On the certificate, Dr. Soriano noted that
recent behavior of Bauman included grossly disturbed behavior, substantial likelihood of physical
harm to self or others and a failure to provide necessary care for himself. In his personal
handwritten report, that was attached to the certificate, Dr. Soriano noted that Bauman had a very
demanding, belligerent attitude and refused to answer direct questions; rather, Bauman stated he did
not want to answer the question because, "it is not relevant to payment." Dr. Soriano concluded that
Bauman suffered from schizophrenia and manic depression and was in need of psychiatric treatment.
¶12.
Bauman was also examined by Dr. Jose Paz, who also completed his certificate of examining
physician which certified that he conducted a thorough mental and physical examination of Bauman.
Like Dr. Soriano, Dr. Paz also attached a personal handwritten report to the certificate. Similar to
Dr. Soriano, Dr. Paz certified that Bauman's recent behavior included grossly disturbed behavior and
also a failure to provide necessary care for self. Dr. Paz also concluded in the certificate that
Bauman posed a substantial likelihood of physical harm to himself because he was disconnected to
reality. In his handwritten report, Dr. Paz observed that Bauman looked poorly kept and reiterated
that he appeared to be, "disconnected from reality," and that while Bauman did not appear to be
dangerous to others, he was certainly not capable of taking care of himself.
¶13.
A hearing was conducted on March 19, 2003, where the reports of both physicians as well
as the pre-evaluation form were admitted into evidence in lieu of live testimony. Briggs also had
several lay witnesses testify on his behalf. At the conclusion of the hearing, the chancellor found
by clear and convincing evidence that Bauman constituted a danger to himself and was in need of
inpatient mental treatment. However, due to lack of immediate available space at the East
Mississippi State Hospital , the chancellor ordered that Bauman be temporarily held at Willowbrook
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Mental Health Facility in Columbus, Mississippi, pending space available at the State Hospital.
Additionally, due to the late hour in which the hearing concluded, Bauman was further ordered to
be held overnight at the Neshoba County General Hospital in Philadelphia, Mississippi, and to be
transported to Willowbrook the next day. Both the overnight commitment to the Neshoba County
General Hospital and the temporary commitment to Willowbrook were to be at the expense of
Bauman's private insurance.
¶14.
On April 4, 2003, Bauman was discharged from Willowbrook Mental Health Facility. The
certificate of discharge stated that Bauman had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder-manic in
nature, but no longer posed a substantial threat of physical harm to himself or others at that time.
The certificate also noted that Bauman was discharged to his brother and that Bauman was to return
to Virginia, his home at that time, with the understanding that he would undergo outpatient care in
Virginia. The certificate was filed in the Kemper County Clerk's Office on April 7, 2003, some
three days after Bauman filed his notice of appeal.
ANALYSIS
I. WHETHER THE REPORTS OF THE PHYSICIANS ALONE WERE SUFFICIENT TO MEET
THE BURDEN OF PROOF ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER.
A. WHETHER THIS CASE FALLS UNDER THE EXCEPTION TO THE MOOTNESS
DOCTRINE, "CAPABLE OF REPETITION YET EVADING REVIEW."
¶15.
Bauman, as well as Briggs, submit that the question being placed before this Court
concerning whether Bauman's involuntary mental commitment was supported by substantial
evidence and is a moot point. The lower court ordered Bauman to be committed involuntarily on
March 18, 2003, and he was released sixteen days later from the Willowbrook Mental Health
Facility on April 4, 2003, without ever having actually been admitted to the East Mississippi State
Hospital. Bauman argues that the case sub judice should not be considered moot as it is a matter of
public interest and contends that his case falls within the purview of the "capable of repetition yet
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evading review" doctrine which was adopted in Strong v. Bostick, 420 So. 2d 1356, 1358-59 (Miss.
1982). See also Weinstein v. Bradford, 423 U.S. 147, 149, (1975). In Strong, the Supreme Court
held that this exception to the moot doctrine was limited to situations where:
(1) The challenged action was in its duration too short to be fully litigated prior to
its cessation or expiration, and
(2) There was a reasonable expectation that the same complaining party would be
subject to the same action again.
Strong, 420 So. 2d at 1359 (quoting Weinstein, 423 U.S. at 149).
¶16.
Briggs argues in his brief that, although this is sound jurisprudence, the two elements are not
found in the case sub judice. He claims that while the first element of the requirement might
arguably have been met since Bauman's stay at the Willowbrook Mental Health Facility was
ultimately rather short in duration, the second required element is simply not present. Briggs states
that there is no "reasonable expectation" that Bauman would be subject to the same action at a later
date because Bauman was released from Willowbrook Mental Health Facility with the intention to
return to his home in Virginia and that he was simply a temporary resident of the State of
Mississippi at the time the commitment proceeding was held.
¶17.
This Court finds that Briggs's contention that Bauman is a temporary resident of Mississippi
is just an assumption made on the basis of one statement to a discharging doctor. There is simply
no indication or guarantee that Bauman will never return to Mississippi. Further, there is no proof
in the record that Bauman has left the State of Mississippi. There is also the fact that Briggs, a close
cousin of Bauman, resides in Kemper County, Mississippi, as does Bauman's aunt, with which he
also resided. It cannot be stated with the certainty inferred by Briggs, that Bauman would never
return to this state. Thus, there is a "reasonable expectation that the same complaining party would
be subject to the same action." Strong, 420 So. 2d at 1359.
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¶18.
In addition, this Court finds the case sub judice to involve a question affecting the public
interest. As the Mississippi Supreme Court stated, "there is an exception to the general rule as
respects moot cases, when the question concerns a matter of such a nature that it would be distinctly
detrimental to the public interest that there should be a failure by the dismissal to declare and
enforce a rule for future conduct." Allred v. Webb, 641 So. 2d 1218, 1220 (Miss. 1994). Therefore,
it is necessary that this Court address the question affecting the public interest and make a decision
thereon. Accordingly, we hold that this appeal is one of public interest and, thus, we will entertain
Bauman's appeal.
B. WHETHER MEDICAL REPORTS ARE SUFFICIENT TO ESTABLISH THE NEED
FOR INVOLUNTARY MENTAL COMMITMENT.
¶19.
It is well established in Mississippi that a chancellor's findings of fact will not be disturbed
unless manifestly wrong or clearly erroneous. "This Court will not disturb the findings of a
chancellor when supported by substantial evidence unless the chancellor abused his or her
discretion, was manifestly wrong, clearly erroneous, or an erroneous legal standard was applied."
Sanderson v. Sanderson, 824 So. 2d 623, 625-26 (¶9)(Miss. 2002) (quoting Kilpatrick v. Kilpatrick,
732 So. 2d 876, 880 (Miss. 1999)); see also Harvey v. Meador, 459 So. 2d 288, 293 (Miss. 1984).
¶20.
The Mississippi Code specifically states that a "mentally ill person" includes any person
who:
has a substantial psychiatric disorder of thought, mood, perception, orientation, or
memory which grossly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or
to reason or understand, which (i) is manifested by instances of grossly disturbed
behavior faulty perceptions; and (ii) poses a substantial likelihood of physical harm
to himself or others as demonstrated by (A) a recent attempt or threat to physically
harm himself or others, or (B) a failure to provide necessary food, clothing, shelter
or medical care for himself, as a result of the impairment. "Mentally ill person"
includes a person who, based on treatment history and other applicable psychiatric
indicia, is in need of treatment in order to prevent further disability or deterioration
which would predictably result in dangerousness to himself or others when his
current mental illness limits or negates his ability to make an informed decision to
seek or comply with recommended treatment.
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Mississippi Code Annotated Section 41-21-61 (e) (Rev. 2001).
¶21.
Bauman states that he did not meet the above-noted definition for a mentally ill person for
an involuntary commitment. Bauman was examined by two doctors, Drs. A.P. Soriano and Jose Paz,
in compliance with the statutory requirements. Not only did each doctor present a certificate of
examining physician to the court as required by statute, but each doctor also submitted detailed
office notes concerning Bauman's evaluation. Both doctors stated that Bauman posed a substantial
likelihood of harm to himself, and that he should be committed to a treatment facility. After a
thorough review of the record, we find that there was certainly sufficient medical evidence to meet
the statutory requirements for Bauman to be committed under the provisions of the Mississippi Code
Annotated Section 41-21-61, et seq. Although the chancellor may not have made findings pursuant
to the above stated statute, we also find that the record, as well as certificates submitted by both
doctors, are sufficient to support the chancellor's findings. Therefore, we find this issue to be
without merit.
II. WHETHER THE STATE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING FOR THE CARE AND
TREATMENT OF THOSE INVOLUNTARILY COMMITTED FOR INPATIENT MENTAL
TREATMENT AT THE COST OF THE STATE, EVEN IN SITUATIONS IN WHICH THE
DIRECTOR, AND/OR ANY AUTHORIZED AGENT THEREOF, OF THE APPLICABLE STATE
HOSPITAL DECLARES THAT THERE WILL BE NO AVAILABLE SPACE FOR SUCH
COMMITTED PERSON.
III. WHETHER THE PERSON COMMITTED INVOLUNTARILY FOR INPATIENT MENTAL
TREATMENT CAN BE REQUIRED TO BEAR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
COSTS OF HIS/HER PLACEMENT IN A PRIVATE FACILITY WHILE AWAITING
AVAILABLE SPACE IN A STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL.
¶22.
Additionally, Bauman argues that there was no authority for the chancellor to determine in
advance that the facility was full, that a private facility must be used, and that Bauman may then be
made financially responsible initially for the payment of the costs of such a commitment to a private
facility.
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¶23.
Bauman was committed for treatment through the office of the Chancery Clerk of Kemper
County, Mississippi, and was ordered to be placed and treated in a state institution, East Mississippi
State Hospital in Meridian, Mississippi. Although Bauman was first sent to Neshoba County
General Hospital overnight, he was then transported to a temporary facility, Willowbrook, until he
could be permanently placed for treatment in said state institution. Soon thereafter, Bauman was
discharged apparently before any further treatment, such discharge being as a result of a doctor's
release of Bauman. Because Bauman did not voluntarily commit himself and because he was
released prior to undergoing the usual treatment prescribed for patients of this kind, he should not
be required to pay the expenses incurred. Therefore, all costs should be assessed to Kemper County,
Mississippi.
¶24.
The Mississippi Legislature has provided that:
The State Insane Hospital at Whitfield, and the East Mississippi State Hospital at
Meridian, are established for the care and treatment of lunatics and insane persons,
free of charge, except as otherwise provided.
Miss. Code Ann.§ 41-17-1 (Rev. 2001) (emphasis added).
¶25. THE JUDGMENT OF THE KEMPER COUNTY CHANCERY COURT IS
AFFIRMED IN PART AS TO ISSUE I AND REVERSED AND RENDERED IN PART AS
TO ISSUES II AND III. COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO KEMPER
COUNTY.
KING, C.J., LEE, IRVING, AND MYERS, JJ., CONCUR. GRIFFIS, J., DISSENTS
WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY SOUTHWICK, P.J., AND
CHANDLER, J.
GRIFFIS, J., DISSENTING:
¶26.
I respectfully dissent.
¶27.
As to the first issue raised on appeal, the facts of this case do not fall under the exception to
the mootness doctrine. The affidavit and application for commitment states that Bauman was a
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temporary resident of Kemper County, Mississippi, and that he had previously been under a doctor’s
care in Marion, Virginia, for a prior diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Bauman’s parents live in Marion,
Virginia. The certificate of discharge, executed by the director of Willowbrook Mental Health
Facility, stated that Bauman was discharged to his brother for “return to Virginia” and outpatient
care once there. Based on this evidence, there is no reasonable expectation that Bauman will be
again subject to an involuntary commitment action in Mississippi and so the matter is moot. See
Strong v. Bostick, 420 So. 2d 1356, 1358-59 (Miss. 1982).
¶28.
I also do not find this issue to be of sufficient “public interest.” In Sartin v. Barlow, 196
Miss. 159, 170, 16 So.2d 372, 376 (1944), the Mississippi Supreme Court held “that there is an
exception to the general rule as respect [to] moot cases, when the question concerns a matter of such
a nature that it would be distinctly detrimental to the public interest that there should be a failure by
the dismissal to declare and enforce a rule for future conduct.” This is simply not such a matter that
rises to the level of the public interest exception.
¶29.
As to the second and third issues, I also disagree. Mississippi Code Annotated Section 41-
21-73 (4) (Rev. 2001) provides, in pertinent part, that:
If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the proposed patient is a
mentally ill or mentally retarded person and, if after careful consideration of
reasonable alternative dispositions, including, but not limited to, dismissal of the
proceedings, the court finds that there is no suitable alternative to judicial
commitment, the court shall commit the patient for treatment in the least restrictive
treatment facility which can meet the patient's treatment needs.
Based on this statute, the chancellor correctly considered the availability of space at East Mississippi
State Hospital, and when adequate space was not available, the chancellor correctly made
appropriate accommodation in his order of commitment.
¶30.
My disagreement with the majority, however, relates to the chancellor’s determination that
Bauman would be transported to Willowbrook Mental Facility, a private mental health facility, and
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be “temporarily retained at the expense of [Bauman’s] private insurance pending space availability
at East Mississippi State Hospital.” The majority finds that since Mississippi Code Annotated
Section 41-17-1 (Supp. 2003) provides that East Mississippi State Hospital must provide care and
treatment free of charge, then Kemper County is responsible for the costs incurred at Neshoba
County General Hospital and Willowbrook. This decision is not supported by the statute.
¶31.
As quoted above, Mississippi Code Annotated Section 41-21-73 (4) does not require that all
individuals committed be placed with East Mississippi State Hospital or the Mississippi State
Hospital at Whitfield. Indeed, “treatment facility” is defined as “a hospital, community mental
health center, or other institution qualified to provide care and treatment for mentally ill, mentally
retarded, or chemically dependent persons.” Miss. Code Ann. § 41-21-61(i) (Rev. 2001). Both
Neshoba County General Hospital and Willowbrook arguably fall within this definition.
¶32.
Thus, simply because Mississippi Code Annotated Section 41-17-1 (Supp. 2003) provides
that East Mississippi State Hospital and the Mississippi State Hospital at Whitfield are established
to provide mental health care and treatment “free of charge,” neither this statute nor any of the
commitment statutes require payment by Kemper County or prevent the chancellor from committing
a person to a private “treatment facility” where the costs will be paid by private insurance. Here,
the chancellor correctly addressed the temporary commitment of Bauman, the payment of costs and
expenses that would be incurred, and arrived at a reasonable alternative for Bauman’s temporary
accommodation.
¶33.
Further, I am of the opinion that Mississippi Code Annotated Section 41-17-1 does not
prohibit East Mississippi State Hospital or the Mississippi State Hospital at Whitfield from receiving
benefits that are owed by private insurance companies under existing contracts of insurance. Such
benefits are paid for by the beneficiary under the terms of a contract of insurance, and the insurance
company should not escape its obligation to make a payment of benefits due solely to the charity and
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benevolence of the citizens of the State of Mississippi by establishing these public mental health
facilities.
¶34.
For these reasons, I dissent.
SOUTHWICK, P.J. AND CHANDLER, J., JOIN THIS SEPARATE OPINION.
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