Lake Castle Lot Owners Association, Inc. v. Scott Litsinger
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2002-CA-02019-COA
LAKE CASTLE LOT OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC.
APPELLANT
v.
SCOTT LITSINGER, CINDY LITSINGER AND
GREGORY F. BROADBRIDGE
DATE OF TRIAL COURT JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
APPELLEES
7/29/2002
HON. WILLIAM JOSEPH LUTZ
MADISON COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
JAMES H. HERRING
JAMES E. LAMBERT
CECIL MAISON HEIDELBERG
CIVIL-REAL PROPERTY
SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF
DEFENDANTS
AFFIRMED - 3/16/2004
BEFORE KING, P.J., THOMAS AND MYERS, JJ.
MYERS, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1.
The Lake Castle Lot Owners Association, Inc. (LCLOAI), filed suit in the Chancery Court of
Madison County against Scott Litsinger, Cindy Litsinger, Gregory Broadbridge, CJB Partners, L.P., Curtis
Partners, L.P., and Retsub Partners, L.P. seeking to enforce certain covenants and to set aside certain
deeds to lots located within the second addition of Lake Castle Subdivision. All of the partnerships
requested and were granted motions to dismiss. The Litsingers and Broadbridge requested and were
granted a motion for summary judgment. LCLOAI filed a motion for partial summary judgment but the
chancellor denied it. LCLOAI now appeals and requests our review of the following issues:
I. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR IN DENYING THE APPELLANT’S MOTION FOR
PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT?
II. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR IN GRANTING THE APPELLEES’ MOTIONS FOR
SUMMARY JUDGMENT?
III. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR IN FINDING THAT THE APPELLEES DID NOT
VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS?
STATEMENT OF FACTS
¶2.
In 1937, L.C. Castle acquired title to a parcel of land located in Madison County. Castle platted
that parcel of land into a thirty lot subdivision called Lake Haven of Rest, now known as Lake Castle.
Edwin and Willard Sagian owned two parcels of land situated south and adjacent to Lake Castle. In 1973,
the Sagians platted their two parcels into the first and second additions to Lake Castle, respectively. The
first addition contained three lots and the second addition contained five lots. That same year, the Sagians
encumbered all eight lots with certain protective covenants. Those original covenants provided in pertinent
part as follows:
5.
¶3.
No lot in said Additions shall be re-subdivided. However, nothing herein
contained shall prevent a person who owns two (2) adjoining lots within said
Additions and/or adjacent to a lot within the original thirty (30) lot subdivision from
treating the combined area of the two lots as one (1) lot for building purposes.
Through the years, the Sagians divested themselves of title to the five lots in the second addition
to Lake Castle. Lots two and three were conveyed to CJB Partners, L.P., Curtis Partners, L.P., and
Retsub Partners, L.P. However, the partnerships executed a warranty deed conveying lot two to the
Litsingers on May 1, 1998.
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¶4.
On September 9, 1998, the owners of lots two, three, four, and five executed and tendered for
approval a plat to the Madison County Board of Supervisors whereby the four lots would be platted as
Adderly Gardens, part two, revised. The plat for Adderly Gardens, part two, revised, relocated the interior
lot line between lots two and three from the line depicted on the plat for the second addition to Lake Castle.
The purpose of the relocation was to alleviate a drainage problem. On October 28, 1998, CJB Partners,
L.P., Curtis Partners, L.P., and Retsub Partners, L.P. executed an amended warranty deed and conveyed
lot three of Adderly Gardens to Cindy Litsinger. That same day, Cindy Litsinger conveyed revised lot three
to Gregory Broadbridge.
¶5.
Before changing the interior lot line between lots two and three, lot two had approximately 1.80
acres and lot three had approximately 3.55 acres. After changing the interior lot line between lots two and
three, lot two had approximately 2.85 acres and lot three had approximately 2.50 acres.
¶6.
LCLOAI filed suit in the Chancery Court of Madison County seeking to cancel and hold for naught
the warranty deeds at issue as well as the newly configured plat for Adderly Gardens. LCLOAI also
claimed they were entitled to compensatory and punitive damages as well as attorney’s fees.
¶7.
The partnerships involved in this case filed their motion to dismiss based on the fact that they no
longer held any ownership interest in the property and the chancellor ruled in their favor. That judgment
was not appealed by the LCLOAI, and as a result, those partnerships are not parties to this appeal. The
Litsingers and Broadbridge filed motions for summary judgment arguing that the protective covenant at
issue was not violated by the fact that the interior lot line between lots two and three was moved. All
parties stipulated that the interpretation of the protective covenant was a matter of law for the court to
decide.
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¶8.
The Chancery Court of Madison County conducted a hearing on the motions for summary
judgment filed by the Litsingers and Broadbridge as well as a motion for partial summary judgment filed
by LCLOAI. The trial court granted the Litsingers’ and Broadbridge’s motions and denied LCLOAI’s.
Aggrieved by this result, LCLOAI filed a timely notice of appeal.
LEGAL ANALYSIS
I. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR IN DENYING THE APPELLANT’S MOTION FOR
PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT?
II. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR IN GRANTING THE APPELLEES’ MOTION FOR
SUMMARY JUDGMENT?
III. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR IN FINDING THAT THE APPELLEES DID NOT
VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS?
¶9.
This case is concerned with privately created restrictions on land use and turns on the construction
given the term “re-subdivided” as that term has been used in the applicable covenants involved. LCLOAI
argues that the trial court erred in granting the Litsingers’ and Broadbridge’s motions for summary judgment
and in denying their own motion for partial summary judgment. As a result, we analyze both issues
together.
¶10.
We apply a de novo standard of review to a grant or denial of summary judgment by the lower
court. Hudson v. Courtesy Motors, Inc., 794 So. 2d 999, 1002 (¶ 7) (Miss. 2001). Summary judgment
shall be granted “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together
with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” M.R.C.P. 56(c). “The evidence must be viewed in the
light most favorable to the moving party against whom the motion has been made.” Hudson, 794 So. 2d
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at (¶ 7). Likewise, the burden of demonstrating that no genuine issue of material fact exists is on the moving
party. Lewallen v. Slawson, 822 So. 2d 236, 237 (¶ 6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002).
¶11.
“Generally courts do not look with favor on restrictive covenants. Such covenants are subject more
or less to a strict construction and in the case of ambiguity, construction is most strongly against the person
seeking the restriction and in favor of the person being restricted.” Kemp v. Lake Serene Property
Owners Ass’n, Inc., 256 So. 2d 924, 926 (Miss. 1971). “An important corollary rule, however, is that
the clear and unambiguous wording of protective covenants will not be disregarded merely because a use
is prohibited or restricted. If the intent to prohibit or restrict be expressed in clear and unambiguous
wording, enforcement is available in the courts of this state.” Andrews v. Lake Serene Property Owners
Ass’n, Inc., 434 So. 2d 1328, 1331 (Miss. 1983). In addition, a protective covenant must be read in its
ordinary sense. City of Gulfport v. Wilson, 603 So. 2d 295, 299 (Miss. 1992). Finally, we consider the
entire document, as well as the circumstances surrounding its development when ascertaining its meaning,
purpose, and intent. Id.
¶12.
LCLOAI contends that the relocation of the interior lot line between lots two and three constituted
a re-subdivision of the lots, and therefore, violates the covenant found in paragraph five of the 1973
protective covenants. The Litsingers and Broadbridge contend that relocation of the interior lot line
between lots two and three did not create a new lot, and therefore, did not constitute a violation of the
covenant. The trial court found that the term “re-subdivided” as used in the protective covenants and relied
upon by LCLOAI was not clear, was not free from ambiguity, nor was it legally enforceable.
¶13.
The 1973 instrument that contains the covenants does not have a definitions section. LCLOAI
argues that the term “re-subdivided” can easily be defined by separating the prefix from the key word.
According to LCLOAI, the term “subdivided” means to divide a part into smaller parts of the same thing
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or subject matter and the prefix “re” simply means to do it again. The Litsingers and Broadbridge argue
that the term is incapable of being defined. This point becomes moot, however, because even if we accept
LCLOAI’s definition of the term “re-subdivided” that construction still does not support the claim that the
Litsingers violated paragraph five of the 1973 covenants. In other words, there was no subdivision by the
Litsingers in this case much less a re-subdivision.
¶14.
Before relocating the interior lot line, there was a lot two and a lot three. After relocating the
interior lot line, there was a lot two and a lot three. No new lot was created and there was nothing smaller
created from lot two or lot three. Construing paragraph five of the 1973 covenants favorably to the
Litsingers and Broadbridge and against the LCLOAI, we find that the relocation of an interior lot line for
a person who owns two adjoining lots does not constitute a re-subdivision. In view of the rules of
construction applicable to restrictive covenants, we find the language at issue falls short of the degree of
specificity and clarity necessary for its enforcement.
¶15. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CHANCERY COURT OF MADISON COUNTY IS
AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANT.
McMILLIN, C.J., KING AND SOUTHWICK, P.JJ., BRIDGES, THOMAS, LEE,
CHANDLER AND GRIFFIS, JJ., CONCUR. IRVING, J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY.
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