John T. Caver v. Joseph E. Brown
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2001-CA-00349-COA
JOHN T. CAVER AND INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE AND MACHINE,
INC.
v.
JOSEPH E. BROWN
APPELLANTS
APPELLEE
DATE OF TRIAL COURT JUDGMENT: 01/23/2001
TRIAL JUDGE:
HON. KATHY KING JACKSON
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: JACKSON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
EARL L. DENHAM
WENDY ANN HOLLINGSWORTH
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
SCOTT CORLEW
NATURE OF THE CASE:
CIVIL - CONTRACT
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
JUDGMENT FOR PLAINTIFF IN THE SUM OF $5,197
DISPOSITION:
AFFIRMED - 6/4/2002
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
6/25/2002
BEFORE KING, P.J., BRIDGES, AND CHANDLER, JJ.
KING, P.J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. This is a case involving a suit for unpaid commissions and a default judgment entered in county court
against the Appellants, John Caver and Industrial Maintenance and Machine. Finding substantial evidence
exists to support the trial court's judgment, we affirm.
Facts
¶2. Joseph Brown filed suit against John Caver, owner of Industrial Maintenance and Machine, Inc., for
unpaid commissions and obtained a default judgment on December 2, 1999. In a subsequent hearing on
Brown's writ of inquiry, the county court entered a judgment against Industrial Maintenance and Caver for
$5,197 representing unpaid commissions to Brown. On appeal, the Circuit Court of Jackson County
affirmed the county court's judgment.
¶3. Joseph Brown was employed as a salesman from January 1995 until about May of 1998. Brown was
paid solely on a commission basis. He calculated the amounts due in commissions and reported those
amounts to Industrial Maintenance.
¶4. The parties disputed whether certain commissions were owed. Industrial Maintenance claimed that
office personnel realized that Brown had incorrectly claimed a higher percentage of commissions on
accounts not assigned to him which resulted in an overpayment of commissions. Brown claimed that he did
not receive $17,776 earned in commissions. Brown arrived at the $17,776 figure by using records which he
maintained and those subpoenaed from various former clients during discovery. According to Brown, on
several occasions Caver refused attempts at a reconciliation of the disputed commissions.
¶5. Industrial Maintenance asked its employee, Barbara Stevenson, a secretary and bookkeeper, to verify
the jobs on which Brown had been paid a commission and what amounts he had received. Ms. Stevenson
concluded that Brown's over calculation of commissions caused an overpayment of $15,000. Renee
Wallace had been asked to recheck Brown's commission records. However, the intervention of Hurricane
Georges precluded this and destroyed the company's records of Brown's commissions. Ms. Wallace
testified that she was about 80% finished with her work in recalculating Brown's commission payments at
the point when the storm occurred. She indicated her calculations had determined that Brown had received
overpayments in excess of $12,000.
¶6. At the hearing in this matter, Brown was permitted to enter into evidence notes which he kept while
employed, and other statements subpoenaed from the records of business accounts on which he worked to
establish the commissions owed to him. Industrial Maintenance and Caver contend such documents were
not conclusive evidence of past-due commissions and their admission into evidence was therefore error.
¶7. On appeal, the circuit court determined that the county court had made specific findings based on
sufficient proof to award damages to Brown. Among the arguments made before the county and circuit
court was that the handwritten documents were not provided in discovery and should not have been
permitted to be used at the hearing on the matter. The circuit court noted that the figures presented by
Brown were substantiated by the subpoenaed and properly admitted documents. While the circuit court did
not suggest any county court error, it intimated that if there was any error, it was harmless. The circuit court
also noted that the county court found that Brown had met his burden of proof with evidence of facts and
figures and that Brown's claims were not sufficiently rebutted by Industrial Maintenance.
Issues on Appeal
¶8. On appeal to this Court, Industrial Maintenance argues that (1) the trial court abused its discretion by
admitting as evidence summaries of documents either deliberately withheld or destroyed by Brown and (2)
that damages were not proven with reasonable certainty.
Resolution of the Issues on Appeal
¶9. Consideration of the issues on appeal requires us to employ the familiar substantial evidence/manifest
error standard of review. Harris v. Penn, 798 So. 2d 544, 546 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2001). If there is
substantial evidence supporting the trial court's findings and conclusions and such determinations are not
manifestly wrong, we are without authority to reverse.
¶10. As stated, Industrial Maintenance objects to the county court's acceptance of the compilation Brown
made as to the commissions he believed he was owed. They assert that they were not given the handwritten
notes Brown claims to have used in identifying and calculating his unpaid commissions. Brown testified that
his master list was compiled from his notes and the subpoenaed documents, and that he destroyed his work
papers, after a determination that the subpoenaed documents supported his calculations. According to
Brown, no documents had been withheld from the Appellants.
¶11. Brown counters the arguments of Industrial Maintenance on the basis that he used the best evidence
available to him to arrive at his calculation of his damages and that his efforts to provide the best evidence
comply with Mississippi law and that the county court did not err in admitting his records of his
commissions.
¶12. Regarding the missing documents the county court had this to say:
As I understand the testimony is that there are numerous documents that were used to compile this,
including the records from the companies that were doing business that he claims a commission from,
that there are not available, there were certain handwritten notes that he made that he compared, he
says he compared to the documents that he received through these subpoena duces tecums, from the
different companies. And that when he compared those, that they were similar and that he had - - did
no longer have the handwritten notes that were not supplied to Mr. Denham.
The Court believes that the testimony elicited by Mr. Denham goes to credibility more than to
admissibility. Based upon that I'm going to allow it in and take into consideration the testimony as to
the time period referred to by Mr. Denham and to the - - any effect it may have had as to the
handwritten notes by Mr. Brown.
...
Well, one of the problems I think recognized early on was this originally was a, obviously it start out
as a default judgment. The default wasn't set aside except because the unliquidated nature of the
damages and that's why we're here today on the issue of damages alone. And my understanding is
that Mr. Caver's position was too, under that Motion to Set Aside that he didn't have any records,
either of this. They were all destroyed, so there's - - I'm going to be a little lenient with everyone when
it comes to what their testimony is about what their memory is. That's all we've got.
¶13. Evidentiary decisions are within the broad discretion of the trial court. Ford v. Johnson, 750 So. 2d
546, 548 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 1999). Unless we determine that the trial court has clearly abused such
discretionary power, we will not reverse such a ruling. Id. Given this standard by which we review a trial
court's decision on evidentiary matters, we find no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court. It was
the county judge's position to determine the credibility of the parties and the reliability of the evidence.
Based on the record before us, we do not find that the county court judge's decision to admit the
documents in question was manifest error.
¶14. As to the Appellants' argument regarding proof of damages, the Mississippi Supreme Court has stated
that "while the measure of damages need not be perfect, the most accurate and reliable evidence available
should be required." City of New Albany v. Barkley, 510 So. 2d 805, 807 (Miss. 1987) (citing Harrison
v. Prather, 435 F.2d 1168, 1174 (5th Cir.1970)). While the plaintiff bears the burden of proof as to the
amount of damages, it is only "incumbent upon the party seeking to prove damages to offer into evidence
the best evidence available [for] each and every item of damage. If he has records available, they must be
produced. While certainty is not required, a party must produce the best that is available to him." Eastland
v. Gregory, 530 So. 2d 172, 174 (Miss. 1988). The trial court was in the best position to discern whether
the best evidence of the unpaid commissions was offered and whether the testimony and evidence offered in
opposition to such claims were credible and reliable. There was sufficient evidence for the trial court to
conclude that the best evidence was offered and that there had not been any deliberate attempt to fail to
disclose pertinent evidence regarding damages.
¶15. In this case, the county court having done its own review of the evidence and documents determined
that Brown was not paid $5197 in commissions versus the more than seventeen thousand dollars that he
claims to have not been paid. Sufficient evidence having been produced to support such a claim, we affirm
the circuit court's decision affirming the county court's ruling and judgment.
¶16. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF JACKSON COUNTY IS AFFIRMED.
STATUTORY DAMAGES AND INTEREST ARE AWARDED. ALL COSTS OF THIS
APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANTS.
McMILLIN, C.J., SOUTHWICK, P.J., BRIDGES, THOMAS, LEE, IRVING, MYERS,
CHANDLER AND BRANTLEY, JJ., CONCUR.
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