State of Minnesota, Respondent, vs. Orlando Manuel Bobadilla, Appellant.
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STATE OF MINNESOTA
IN COURT OF APPEALS
A03-1891
State of Minnesota,
Respondent,
vs.
Orlando Manuel Bobadilla,
Appellant.
Filed December 21, 2004
Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded
Toussaint, Chief Judge
Kandiyohi County District Court
File No. K6-03-942
Mike Hatch, Attorney General, Thomas Rolf Ragatz, John B. Galus, Assistant Attorney Generals, 1800 NCL Tower, 445 Minnesota Street, St. Paul, MN 55101-2134; and
Boyd A. Beccue, Kandiyohi County Attorney, 415 Southwest Sixth Street, P.O. Box 1126, Willmar, MN 56201 (for respondent)
John E. Mack, Mack & Daby, P.A., 26 Main Street, P.O. Box 302, New London, MN 56273 (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Toussaint, Chief Judge; Willis, Judge; and Crippen, Judge.*
SYLLABUS
The victim's videotaped statement to a child-protection worker and police detective was testimonial in nature and inadmissible under Crawford v. Washington, 124 S. Ct. 1354 (2004), because the victim was unavailable to testify at trial, and the defendant did not have a prior opportunity to cross-examine him.
O P I N I O N
TOUSSAINT, Chief Judge
Appellant Orlando Bobadilla challenges his convictions of first and second-degree criminal sexual conduct, arguing that the trial court abused its discretion in its evidentiary rulings and that the evidence is insufficient to support his convictions. We conclude that the trial court properly admitted the victim's statement to his mother and Bobadilla's statement against interest, and properly excluded Bobadilla's statement denying the allegations against him. However, because the victim's videotaped statement to the child-protection worker and police detective was testimonial in nature, and Bobadilla was not given the opportunity to cross-examine the witness, we reverse in part and remand for a new trial.
FACTS
On Friday, May 2, 2003, Melissa Camarillo took her three-year-old son, T.B., to visit his father for the weekend. T.B.'s father lived with several relatives, including his brother, appellant Orlando Bobadilla. Camarillo testified that after picking T.B. up on Sunday at 11:00 p.m., she changed his pull-up and noticed that the area around his anus was red and irritated. When she mentioned this to T.B., he appeared nervous and began playing with his hair. T.B.'s mother reassured him that he could tell her anything and asked him again what happened. T.B. told his mother that "Uncle Orlando had put his finger in his booty."
T.B.'s parents took him to the hospital that night, where he was examined by Sandra Savage, M.D., who testified that she observed an abnormal erythema or redness around T.B.'s rectum that did not appear to be a diaper rash. She did not see any ulcerations or lesions that would lead her to believe that T.B. had a chronic problem in that area of his body. Dr. Savage opined that the injury was consistent with T.B.'s disclosure that Bobadilla had penetrated T.B.'s anus with his finger, but also stated that it could be consistent with other causes.
Several days later, Cherlynn Molden, a child-protection worker, and Matthew Akerson, a police detective, conducted a videotaped interview of T.B. at the Kandiyohi County Law Enforcement Center. Molden testified that she first drew pictures of T.B. and his parents. She also showed him a picture and asked him to name certain body parts. Later in the interview, Molden asked T.B. whether anyone had hurt his body, and he replied, "Orlando did." Molden then asked T.B. how appellant had hurt him, and T.B. replied, "[H]e does stuff to my booty . . . he put his finger in my booty." When asked to identify his "booty" on the diagram, T.B. pointed to his buttocks.
Molden also asked T.B. specific questions regarding the circumstances surrounding the alleged sexual assault. First, Molden asked T.B. where and how many times the incident occurred. T.B. replied that it occurred "one time" while he was lying down in his "dada's" room. Next, Molden asked T.B. if Bobadilla said anything when the incident occurred, and T.B. replied that Bobadilla said he was "sorry." Finally, Molden asked T.B. where his father was at the time of the incident, and T.B. replied that his father went downstairs to get the "kitty."
Based on T.B.'s statement to his mother and the videotaped interview, the state charged Bobadilla with first and second-degree criminal sexual conduct. On September 2, 2003, the trial court conducted a competency hearing and concluded that T.B. was not competent to testify at trial. Nonetheless, during a pretrial hearing, the court admitted T.B.'s statement to his mother and his videotaped interview. The court found that the time, content, and circumstances of the statements and the reliability of the recipients of those statements provided sufficient indicia of reliability. But the court excluded, as hearsay, Bobadilla's statement to Detective Akerson denying the charges against him.
At Bobadilla's trial, T.B.'s mother and father, Dr. Savage, Molden, and Detective Akerson testified for the state. The videotaped interview was played for the jury, and Molden testified about the contents of the interview. T.B.'s father testified that he left T.B. alone only when he went to retrieve the cat, and that he was downstairs for a matter of seconds. He acknowledged, however, that he might have told police that he was gone for five minutes or so.
Before the state rested its case, it offered as evidence Bobadilla's statement, to Detective Akerson, that T.B.'s father was looking for the cat for 15 to 20 minutes. The trial court concluded that the statement was admissible under Minn. R. Evid. 804(b)(3) and 801(d)(2), but only if Detective Akerson could recall Bobadilla's statement without referring to the transcript. On redirect, Detective Akerson testified that Bobadilla told him that T.B.'s father was looking for the cat for 15 to 20 minutes.
Bobadilla also testified at trial. He testified that he did not recall his statement to Detective Akerson regarding the amount of time T.B.'s father was looking for the cat, and he denied T.B.'s allegation.
On September 4, 2003, the jury found Bobadilla guilty of first and second-degree criminal sexual conduct. Bobadilla was sentenced to 144 months in prison. This appeal follows.
ISSUES
I. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by (1) admitting T.B.'s videotaped statement to the child-protection worker and police detective; (2) admitting T.B.'s out-of-court statement to his mother; (3) admitting Bobadilla's statement regarding the length of time T.B.'s father was looking for the cat? (4) excluding Bobadilla's statement to police denying the charges against him.
ANALYSIS
"Evidentiary rulings rest within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be reversed absent a clear abuse of discretion. On appeal, the appellant has the burden of establishing that the trial court abused its discretion and that appellant was thereby prejudiced." State v. Amos, 658 N.W.2d 201, 203 (Minn. 2003) (citations omitted). If the trial court has abused its discretion in admitting evidence, the reviewing court determines "whether there is a reasonable possibility that the wrongfully admitted evidence significantly affected the verdict." State v. Post, 512 N.W.2d 99, 102 n.2 (Minn. 1994). If there is a reasonable possibility that the verdict might have been more favorable to the defendant without the evidence, then the error is prejudicial. Id.
Initially, we note that the state is asserting that because Bobadilla never raised his evidentiary claims at trial, he waived his right to raise them on appeal. While issues not raised at trial are generally waived on appeal, State v. Vick, 632 N.W.2d 676,684-85 (Minn. 2001), we reserve the right to consider those issues, particularly when they are raised in criminal cases.
2. T.B.'s Statement to his Mother
Next, Bobadilla argues that the trial court erred in admitting T.B.'s statement to his mother. T.B.'s statement to his mother was not testimonial. T.B.'s mother questioned T.B. about the redness around his anus out of concern for his health, not because she expected to develop a case against Bobadilla. Cf. Courtney, 682 N.W.2d at 196 (holding that a child's videotaped statement was testimonial where the interview was conducted for the purpose of developing a case against the defendant).
Because the statement was not for the purpose of developing a case against Bobadilla it is not testimonial, under Crawford. See Crawford, 124 S. Ct. at 1374. Instead, we ask whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the statement under Minn. Stat. § 595.02, subd. 3 (2002), which sets the standard for determining when out-of-court statements made by children are admissible.
Minn. Stat. § 595.02, subd. 3, provides that
[a]n out-of-court statement made by a child under the age of ten years . . . alleging, explaining, denying, or describing any act of sexual contact . . . performed with or on the child . . . not otherwise admissible by statute or rule of evidence, is admissible as substantive evidence if:
(a) the court or person authorized to receive evidence finds, in a hearing conducted outside the presence of the jury, that the time, content, and circumstances of the statement and the reliability of the person to whom the statement is made provide sufficient indicia of reliability;
(b) the child . . . either
(i) testifies at the proceedings; or
(ii) is unavailable as a witness and there is corroborative evidence of the act; and
(c) the proponent of the statement notifies the adverse party of the proponent's intention to offer the statement and the particulars of the statement sufficiently in advance of the proceeding at which the proponent intends to offer the statement into evidence to provide the adverse party with a fair opportunity to prepare to meet the statement.
In admitting the T.B.'s out-of-court statement to his mother, the trial court found that (1) T.B. made the statement the same night he returned home from visiting with his father; (2) the statement was not one usually described or volunteered by a child; (3) the mother's questioning was not suggestive or leading; and (4) the mother had no reason to lie. Accordingly, the court concluded that there was sufficient indicia of reliability to admit the statement. The court also found that even though T.B. was not competent to testify at trial, the consistency of his statement over a period of time, and the fact that his mother had no reason to lie, corroborated his statement. In light of these findings and the requirements of Minn. Stat. § 595.02, subd. 3, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting T.B.'s out-of-court statement to his mother.
3. Bobadilla's Inculpatory Statement
Bobadilla argues that trial court erred in admitting into evidence his statement to Detective Akereson that T.B.'s father was looking for the cat for 15 to 20 minutes. The trial court concluded that it was a "statement against interest that tended to subject him to criminal liability based on timing," and admitted the statement under Minn. R. Evid. 804(b)(3) and 801(d)(2).
4. Bobadilla's Exculpatory Statement
Finally, Bobadilla also argues that the trial court erred in excluding, as hearsay, his statement to Detective Akerson denying T.B.'s allegation. Hearsay is an out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. Minn. R. Evid. 801(c). Bobadilla offered the exculpatory statement to prove its truth, and therefore, it was hearsay. Because the exculpatory statement was hearsay, and it does not fall within one of the hearsay exceptions, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in excluding the statement.
We conclude that the court acted within its discretion in admitting the statement under Minn. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)(A). Under rule 801(d)(2)(A), a statement is not hearsay if it "is offered against a party and is . . . the party's own statement, in either an individual or a representative capacity." Because Bobadilla's statement regarding the amount of time T.B.'s father was looking for the cat was offered against Bobadilla in order to show that he had the opportunity to sexually assault T.B., the statement is not hearsay under rule 801(d)(2)(A).
Because T.B.'s out-of-court statement to his mother was not testimonial, the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting it as substantive evidence under Minn. Stat. § 595.02, subd. 3 (2002). Further, the district court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that Bobadilla's inculpatory statement was admissible under 801(d)(2)(A). Because Bobadilla's statement to Detective Akerson denying T.B.'s allegation was hearsay, the district court did not abuse its discretion in excluding the statement.
However, because T.B. was not competent to testify at trial, and Bobadilla did not have a prior opportunity to cross-examine T.B., the district court's admission of T.B.'s videotaped interview violated Bobadilla's right to confrontation. Accordingly, the district court also erred in allowing the child-protection worker to testify about the contents of the videotaped interview. Bobadilla is therefore entitled to a new trial.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded.
* Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI § 10.
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