LOREN L ROBERTS V STATE OF MICHIGAN
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
LOREN L. ROBERTS,
UNPUBLISHED
April 1, 2010
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 286051
Wayne Circuit Court
LC No. 07-717443-CZ
SUBURBAN MOBILITY AUTHORITY FOR
REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION, d/b/a
SMART,
Defendant-Appellant,
and
STATE OF MICHIGAN,
Defendant.
Before: SERVITTO, P.J., and BANDSTRA and FORT HOOD, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation, d/b/a SMART,1
appeals as of right from the trial court’s denial of its motions for summary disposition. We
reverse and remand for entry of summary disposition in favor of defendant. This appeal has
been decided without oral argument pursuant to MCR 7.214(E).
Plaintiff boarded defendant’s bus and fell to the floor as the bus started to move. Plaintiff
filed suit, and defendant filed two motions for summary disposition. The first motion alleged
that plaintiff failed to give adequate written notice; the second motion alleged that defendant had
not acted negligently and was entitled to governmental immunity. The trial court denied both
motions.
The trial court’s decision regarding a motion for summary disposition is reviewed de
novo. Kuznar v Raksha Corp, 481 Mich 169, 175; 750 NW2d 121 (2008). Questions of
1
Defendant State of Michigan is not a party to this appeal.
-1-
statutory interpretation present questions of law subject to de novo review. Hunter v Hunter, 484
Mich 247, 257; 771 NW2d 694 (2009). The language of the statute expresses the legislative
intent. Dep’t of Transportation v Tomkins, 481 Mich 184, 191; 749 NW2d 716 (2008). The
rules of statutory construction provide that a clear and unambiguous statute is not subject to
judicial construction or interpretation. Id. When a statute plainly and unambiguously expresses
the legislative intent, the role of the court is limited to applying the terms of the statute to the
circumstances in a particular case. Id. Applying the plain language rule, the statute’s use of the
term “shall” denotes mandatory rather than permissive action. See AFSCME v Detroit, 267 Mich
App 255, 261; 704 NW2d 712 (2005).
Defendant alleges that the trial court erred by denying its motion for summary disposition
on the issue of notice. We agree.
MCL 124.419 reads:
All claims that may arise in connection with the transportation authority shall be
presented as ordinary claims against a common carrier of passengers for hire:
Provided, That written notice of any claim based upon injury to persons or
property shall be served upon the authority no later than 60 days from the
occurrence through which such injury is sustained and the disposition thereof
shall rest in the discretion of the authority and all claims that may be allowed and
final judgment obtained shall be liquidated from funds of the authority: Provided,
further, That only the courts situated in the counties in which the authority
principally carries on its function are the proper counties in which to commence
and try action against the authority.
The statute requires that “written notice of any claim based upon” an injury “shall be
served upon the authority no later than 60 days from the occurrence” which resulted in the
injury. A “claim” is defined as ‘“[t]he aggregate of operative facts giving rise to a right
enforceable by a court.”’ Woodman v Kera, LLC, 280 Mich App 125, 163 n 3; 760 NW2d 641
(2008), quoting Black’s Law Dictionary (7th ed), p 240. The term “written” is defined as
“expressed in writing (disting. from spoken).” Webster’s College Dictionary (10th ed), p 1511.
Further, “writing” is defined as “[a]ny intentional recording of words in a visual form, whether in
the form of handwriting, printing, typewriting, or any other tangible form.” Black’s Law
Dictionary (8th ed), p 1641.
Plaintiff’s only contact with defendant within the 60-day notice period, with the
exception of plaintiff’s oral report to the bus driver, was the telephone call. Plaintiff believed
that defendant’s representative took notes during the call, and that the notes would be transcribed
into a report. In the call, plaintiff stated that he had fallen on the bus and had suffered injury to
his knee. Plaintiff’s statements put defendant on notice that an incident had occurred, but failed
to give defendant any reason to believe that he would file suit. If anything, plaintiff’s statements
reassured defendant that, while what happened on the bus was unfortunate, the bus driver had not
been at fault. Thus, defendant had notice of an occurrence involving plaintiff, but did not receive
notice of a claim, as that term is defined, made by plaintiff. When a plaintiff fails to serve
written notice of a claim upon the defendant within 60 days of the accident in accordance with
the rules of service of process set forth in the court rules, the plaintiff does not satisfy the notice
requirements of MCL 124.419. See Nuculovic v Hill, ___ Mich App ___; ___ NW2d ___
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(2010).2 The trial court erred by denying defendant’s motion for summary disposition on the
issue of notice.3
We reverse the trial court’s denial of defendant’s motion for summary disposition and
remand for entry of summary disposition in favor of defendant.
Reversed and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.
/s/ Deborah A. Servitto
/s/ Richard A. Bandstra
/s/ Karen M. Fort Hood
2
See Docket No. 280216, slip op pp 4-6.
3
In light of our holding, defendant’s motion for summary disposition regarding the issues of
negligence and governmental immunity is moot. Mettler Walloon, LLC v Melrose Twp, 281
Mich App 184, 221; 761 NW2d 293 (2008).
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