CLIFF MCNALLY V CURTIS SMITH
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
CLIFF MCNALLY, d/b/a MCNALLY HOME
IMPROVEMENT,
UNPUBLISHED
December 1, 2005
Plaintiff/CounterdefendantAppellee,
v
No. 254970
Wayne Circuit Court
LC No. 02-240828-CZ
CURTIS A. SMITH,
Defendant/CounterplaintiffAppellant.
Before: Jansen, P.J., and Cavanagh and Fort Hood, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant1 appeals as of right following a judgment in favor of plaintiff. We affirm.
Plaintiff knew defendant for an extended period of time before hiring him as an
employee. Plaintiff advised defendant that he had to obtain a license to continue employment. It
was alleged that defendant knew the criteria for obtaining a license because he had been licensed
in the past. After defendant failed to receive his license and failed to correctly bid work projects,
the employment relationship ended. It was alleged that defendant was provided funds to obtain a
computer software program, but a functioning original program was never provided to plaintiff.
Plaintiff also sought to remove liens placed on his customers’ properties by defendant and to
recover damages to his reputation based on defendant’s allegedly improper acts. Defendant filed
a countercomplaint seeking to recover commissions. The trial court granted plaintiff’s motion
for summary disposition of the countercomplaint and, following a bench trial, entered a
judgment in favor of plaintiff for the conversion of the computer software with an award of costs
and attorney fees. Defendant appeals as of right, and we affirm.
Defendant first alleges that the trial court erred in granting plaintiff’s motion for
summary disposition of the countercomplaint. We disagree. Appellate review of a summary
1
For ease of reference, we will utilize the terms “plaintiff” and “defendant” to refer to the
parties.
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disposition decision is de novo. In re Capuzzi Estate, 470 Mich 399, 402; 684 NW2d 677
(2004). “A salesperson shall be licensed in the employ of only 1 residential builder or
maintenance and alteration contractor.” MCL 339.2407. An unlicensed person is barred from
seeking monetary compensation or equitable relief. See MCL 339.2412; Stokes v Millen Roofing
Co, 466 Mich 660, 664, 673; 649 NW2d 371 (2002). In the present case, it was undisputed that
defendant was not licensed during the time of his employment with plaintiff. Accordingly, the
trial court properly granted plaintiff’s motion for summary disposition of the countercomplaint.
Defendant next alleges that the trial court erred in awarding plaintiff damages in the
amount of $2,450 for the computer software program that plaintiff never received. We disagree.
Following a bench trial, the trial court’s factual findings are reviewed for clear error with
conclusions of law reviewed de novo. Glen Lake-Crystal River Watershed Riparians v Glen
Lake Ass’n, 264 Mich App 523, 531; 695 NW2d 508 (2004). A finding is clearly erroneous
when, after reviewing the entire record, the appellate court is left with a definite and firm
conviction that a mistake has been made. Alan Custom Homes, Inc v Krol, 256 Mich App 505,
512; 667 NW2d 379 (2003). The trial court’s determination of damages following a bench trial
is also reviewed for clear error. Id. at 513. When reviewing a challenge to the verdict following
a bench trial, this Court gives deference to the trier of fact’s superior ability to judge the
credibility of the witnesses who appeared before it. Watershed Riparians, supra. When sitting
without a jury, the trial court must make specific findings of fact, state its conclusions of law
separately, and enter a judgment accordingly. MCR 2.517(A)(1). To meet the requirements of
MCR 2.517(A)(1), the findings need only be brief, definite, and pertinent, and the trial court
must be aware of the issues and correctly apply the law. Triple E Produce Corp v Mastronardi
Produce, Ltd, 209 Mich App 165, 176; 530 NW2d 772 (1995).
Civil conversion is any distinct act or domain wrongfully exerted over another’s person
property in denial of or inconsistent with the owner’s rights. Foremost Insurance Co v Allstate
Ins Co, 439 Mich 378, 391; 486 NW2d 600 (1992). “In general, [conversion] is viewed as an
intentional tort in the sense that the convert’s actions are willful, although the tort can be
committed unwittingly if unaware of the plaintiff’s outstanding property interests.” Id.
Generally, the measure of damages for conversion is the value of the converted property at the
time of the conversion. Ehman v Libralter Plastics, Inc, 207 Mich App 43, 45; 523 NW2d 639
(1994). In the present case, plaintiff testified that he did not receive a functioning software
program. Rather, he testified that he received a burnt copy of the program and did not receive all
of the components necessary to make the program function. Defendant testified that the program
was functioning and that he utilized it in his work. The trial court rejected the testimony of
defendant and found in favor of plaintiff. We defer to the trial court’s assessment of credibility,
Watershed Riparians, supra, and therefore, the trial court did not err in its award of damages to
plaintiff for the computer software program.
Lastly, defendant alleges that the trial court erred in awarding attorney fees. Although
the interpretation of a statute is at issue, defendant failed to cite any authority to support his
interpretation that an assessment of attorney fees is limited to recovery for the filing of the
countercomplaint. A party may not assert error and require the appellate court to search for
authority to sustain or reject his position. City of Mt Pleasant v State Tax Commission, 267 Mich
App 1, 6; 703 NW2d 227 (2005). Accordingly, we do not address this issue.
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Affirmed.
/s/ Kathleen Jansen
/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
/s/ Karen M. Fort Hood
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