SUZANNE VERBRUGGHE V SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
SUZANNE VERBRUGGHE, as Personal
Representative of the Estate of GEORGE
VERBRUGGHE, Deceased,
FOR PUBLICATION
March 23, 2006
9:10 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v
SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL-MACOMB
COUNTY, INC., ARSENIO V. DELEON, M.D.,
and MARIUS LAURINAITIS, M.D.,
No. 263686
Macomb Circuit Court
LC No. 04-004423-NH
Defendants-Appellees,
and
JAVED ZIA, M.D.,
Official Reported Version
Defendant.
Before: Murray, P.J., and Jansen and Kelly, JJ.
MURRAY, P.J.
I. Introduction
This appeal involves the second medical malpractice lawsuit filed on behalf of the estate
of George Verbrugghe against these defendants. In the first lawsuit, the Macomb Circuit Court
properly dismissed the case on statute of limitations grounds, a decision that we have upheld in
an opinion issued simultaneously with this opinion. See Verbrugghe v Select Specialty Hosp,
unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of Appeals, issued March 23, 2006 (Docket No.
262748). However, just before that first dismissal, a successor personal representative (the sister
of the initial representative) was appointed. The successor representative not only replaced the
-1-
initial representative on the caption of the complaint before the dismissal occurred in the first
lawsuit, but she also filed a second lawsuit in the same circuit court.1
The trial court also dismissed this case on statute of limitations grounds, MCR
2.116(C)(7), as well as offering several alternative grounds supporting its decision. Central to
this appeal is whether MCL 600.5852, as enforced by Eggleston v Bio-Medical Applications of
Detroit, Inc, 468 Mich 29; 658 NW2d 139 (2003), allowed plaintiff to bring this second lawsuit.
We conclude that under the statute and Eggleston plaintiff could do so. We also hold that res
judicata did not bar this lawsuit, because a dismissal on statute of limitations grounds does not
constitute an adjudication on the merits. Accordingly, we reverse the trial court's order
dismissing this case with prejudice, and, for the reasons stated below, remand for entry of an
order of dismissal without prejudice.
II. Material Facts and Trial Court Proceedings
As with any case dealing with the statute of limitations, the dates of certain events are
critical. The allegations in this case are that, on August 14, 2001, the decedent underwent hip
replacement surgery at St. John Macomb Hospital. Thereafter, the decedent was transferred to
Select Specialty Hospital-Macomb County, where he was allegedly treated with excessive
antibiotics and suffered from a low potassium level. The decedent was released from care on
October 14, 2001. By October 18, 2001, the decedent had passed away from congestive heart
failure.
The initial personal representative, Steven Verbrugghe, was appointed on December 26,
2001, submitted a notice of intent to bring a medical malpractice suit on December 2, 2003, and
filed the first lawsuit on June 24, 2004. Defendants in that case filed motions for summary
disposition based on the expiration of the period of limitations. On September 27, 2004, at a
time when briefing and arguments had concluded but no decision by the circuit court had been
rendered, Suzanne Verbrugghe was issued letters of authority to be the successor personal
representative. The successor representative replaced the initial representative on the caption of
the first complaint, and, on October 21, 2004, also filed this lawsuit. Thereafter, on November
29, 2004, the trial court dismissed the initial lawsuit because it was untimely filed.
Defendants Select Specialty and Dr. DeLeon then filed motions for summary disposition
in this case, arguing that the case was filed outside the applicable limitations period, that res
judicata barred the action, that plaintiff had failed to file a notice of intent before proceeding
with this case, and that plaintiff had failed to comply with MCR 2.113(C)(2)(b). On June 10,
1
Plaintiff failed to indicate on the caption of this second complaint that there was a related case
pending that involved the same transaction or occurrence. MCR 2.113(C)(2).
-2-
2005, the circuit court granted defendants' motions, agreeing with the first three arguments noted
above, while not addressing defendants' argument that plaintiff violated MCR 2.113(C)(2)(b).2
III. Analysis
"'This Court reviews a trial court's decision on a motion for summary disposition
pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7) de novo to determine whether the moving party was entitled to
judgment as a matter of law.'" Rinas v Mercer, 259 Mich App 63, 67; 672 NW2d 542 (2003)
(citation omitted). In addition, the interpretation and application of statutes present questions of
law that we review de novo. Eggleston, supra at 32.
A. Timeliness
Plaintiff argues that the trial court erred in rejecting her argument that the issuance of
letters of authority for her to serve as the successor personal representative and her subsequent
filing of a new complaint were proper under MCL 600.5852 and Eggleston. For their part,
defendants argue that Eggleston is factually distinguishable because the Eggleston successor
personal representative was appointed out of "necessity," while plaintiff 's appointment was only
meant to avoid the demise of the medical malpractice case filed by the initial personal
representative. In addition, defendants argue that, unlike the personal representative in
Eggleston, the initial personal representative in this case had initiated a cause of action. The trial
court agreed with defendants and, in dismissing this action, relied in part on factual distinctions
between this case and Eggleston.
MCL 600.5852 states:
If a person dies before the period of limitations has run or within 30 days
after the period of limitations has run, an action which survives by law may be
commenced by the personal representative of the deceased person at any time
within 2 years after letters of authority are issued although the period of
limitations has run. But an action shall not be brought under this provision
unless the personal representative commences it within 3 years after the period of
limitations has run. [Emphasis added.]
In applying this statute to this case, our task is to enforce the words used by the Legislature, not
to judicially craft exceptions to those words:
Because our judicial role precludes imposing different policy choices than
those selected by the Legislature, our obligation is, by examining the statutory
language, to discern the legislative intent that may reasonably be inferred from
the words expressed in the statute. People v McIntire, 461 Mich 147, 152-153;
2
Consequently, we decline to address this issue. Fast Air, Inc v Knight, 235 Mich App 541, 549;
599 NW2d 489 (1999).
-3-
599 NW2d 102 (1999). If the language of a statute is clear and unambiguous, the
plain meaning of the statute reflects the legislative intent and judicial construction
is not permitted. Tryc v Michigan Veterans' Facility, 451 Mich 129, 135; 545
NW2d 642 (1996). We must give the words of a statute their plain and ordinary
meaning. [Herald Co v Bay City, 463 Mich 111, 117-118; 614 NW2d 873
(2000).]
See, also, Threet v Pinkston, 20 Mich App 39, 41; 173 NW2d 731 (1969) ("We may not attempt
to rewrite the statute . . . nor may we read into it restrictions at variance with its plain language
and clear meaning.").
The Eggleston Court noted how clear the words used in the statute were, which
necessitated a decision that
[t]he statute simply provides that an action may be commenced by the personal
representative "at any time within 2 years after letters of authority are issued
although the period of limitations has run." . . . The language adopted by the
Legislature clearly allows an action to be brought within two years after letters of
authority are issued to the personal representative. The statute does not provide
that the two-year period is measured from the date letters of authority are issued
to the initial personal representative. [Eggleston, supra at 33.]
It appears to us that the Eggleston Court's conclusion was based solely on the statutory language.
The only facts relevant to the Eggleston holding were that the initial personal representative died
and that a successor was appointed. The Court concluded, based on the statute, that the
successor's two-year period of limitations started with the issuance of the successor's letters of
authority, not the initial personal representative's papers.3 Thus, because the plaintiff was the
personal representative of the estate and had otherwise filed within the two-year period and
three-year ceiling, the complaint was proper and timely:
Plaintiff was "the personal representative" of the estate and filed the
complaint "within two years after letters of authority [were] issued," and "within
three years after the period of limitations ha[d] run." MCL 600.5852. The action
was therefore timely. [Eggleston, supra at 33.]
Therefore, unlike McLean v McElhaney, 269 Mich App 196; ___ NW2d ___ (2005), we do not
believe the facts in this case allow us to avoid applying the plain language of this statute as
interpreted in Eggleston. Thus, because McLean did not apply Eggleston, we find McLean
provides us no useful guidance.
3
As occurred in this case, in Eggleston the successor personal representative received his papers
after the two-year medical malpractice statutory period of limitations expired. See Eggleston,
supra at 31.
-4-
As noted in Eggleston, the statute contains only two limitations on the circumstances
under which a successor personal representative can take advantage of the two-year period of
limitations: the decedent passing away during the limitations period and the successor receiving
letters of authority. Once these events occur, the statute simply indicates that if a lawsuit is
brought by a successor, it must be filed within two years of the issuance of the letters of
authority, but no more than five years after the cause accrued. We recognized as much in Farley
v Advanced Cardiovascular Health Specialists, PC, 266 Mich App 566; 703 NW2d 115 (2005):
[A] personal representative may file a medical malpractice suit on behalf
of a deceased person for two years after letters of authority are issued, as long as
that suit is commenced within three years after the two-year malpractice
limitations period expired. [Id. at 572-573.]
Under the plain language of the statute, and consistently with its interpretation in
Eggleston and Farley, we conclude that plaintiff timely filed this complaint. The decedent died
within two years of the cause of action accruing,4 plaintiff 's letters of authority were issued on
September 27, 2004, and the complaint was filed less than a month later, on October 21, 2004.5
Finally, plaintiff commenced this lawsuit before October 14, 2006.6 Thus, plaintiff 's complaint
was filed in strict compliance with MCL 600.5852.
In McMiddleton v Bolling, 267 Mich App 667; 705 NW2d 720 (2005), we recognized
that a successor personal representative had the authority to file a second lawsuit, despite the
initial representative having filed an untimely one, as long as the second complaint was
otherwise timely under MCL 600.5852 and Eggleston. McMiddleton, supra at 672-673. Unlike
in our case, in McMiddleton the successor did not file a second complaint within the statutory
time frame, id. at 673, and, because she could not ratify an untimely filed complaint, the
dismissal was upheld. Id. at 673-674.
We also reject defendants' argument, adopted by the trial court, that applying Eggleston
would circumvent a purpose of the statute of limitations, which is to protect defendants from
stale claims. In order to accept this position, we would have to ignore the statutory timelines
within MCL 600.5852. Clearly, the general purposes of a statute cannot override the plain and
unambiguous language of that particular statute. Tull v WTF, Inc, 268 Mich App 24, 31; 706
NW2d 439 (2005). Hence, unless there is some other independent impediment to plaintiff
bringing this claim, the timelines set forth by the Legislature control the issue whether plaintiff
timely filed this complaint.
4
"If a person dies before the period of limitations has run . . . an action which survives by
law . . . ." MCL 600.5852.
5
" . . . may be commenced by the personal representative of the deceased person at any time
within 2 years after letters of authority are issued although the period of limitations has run." Id.
6
"But an action shall not be brought under this provision unless the personal representative
commences it within 3 years after the period of limitations has run." Id.
-5-
In ruling as we have, we have not ignored the rather unique situation created under these
facts. It is patently obvious that, under these facts, plaintiff may proceed with a second lawsuit,
despite the dismissal of the initial personal representative's lawsuit. In other words, the estate
gets a chance for a second bite of the apple. But we believe the predicament lies within the
statute, which must be our focal point, and under the statute there is no limitation on the
circumstances under which a personal representative can file a lawsuit once letters of authority
are issued other than the time limits with which plaintiff has complied. Eggleston, supra;
Farley, supra. Thus, if this type of successive suit is an unintended consequence of the language
contained in the statute, the Legislature is the proper body to correct that deficiency.
The trial court also ruled that the successor personal representative was required,
pursuant to MCL 700.3613, to assume the position and actions of the initial personal
representative. While this statute has procedural implications for the successor personal
representative, it does not, as determined by the trial court, preclude her from initiating a
separate action. MCL 700.3701 provides:
A personal representative's duties and powers commence upon
appointment. A personal representative's powers relate back in time to give acts
by the person appointed that are beneficial to the estate occurring before
appointment the same effect as those occurring after appointment. Before or after
appointment, a person named as personal representative in a will may carry out
the decedent's written instructions relating to the decedent's body, funeral, and
burial arrangements. A personal representative may ratify and accept an act on
behalf of the estate done by another if the act would have been proper for a
personal representative.
In this case, plaintiff specifically elected not to ratify the lawsuit brought by the initial
personal representative, instead filing a new one. As we stated in McMiddleton, under Eggleston
and MCL 600.5852, "a successor personal representative cannot rely on the untimely filed
complaint that was filed before she was appointed." McMiddleton, supra at 673. Further, this
Court recognized that under the statute any ratification by a successor personal representative of
a prior act required that the prior act be "beneficial to the estate." MCL 700.3701; McMiddleton,
supra at 674. Since the initial complaint in this litigation was untimely, which certainly is of no
benefit to the estate, there was no basis for its adoption or ratification by plaintiff. McMiddleton,
supra.
B. Res Judicata
We must now resolve defendants' alternative argument that, even if plaintiff 's complaint
was timely under Eggleston, it is nonetheless barred by res judicata. Specifically, defendants
argue, though not too strenuously, that the dismissal of the first case on statute of limitations
grounds bars this lawsuit. The trial court agreed with this argument, holding:
The doctrine of res judicata precludes a subsequent action between the
same parties when the evidence or essential facts are identical. This doctrine
requires that: (1) the first suit be decided on the merits; (2) the matter contested in
the subsequent suit was or could have been resolved in the first case; and (3) both
-6-
suits involve the same parties or their privies. Eaton Co [Bd of] Rd Comm'rs v
Schultz, 205 Mich App 371, 375-376; 521 NW2d 847 (1994).
With respect to the Verbrugghe estate, the Court dismissed the claims in
the first case against Specialty and DeLeon on the ground that they were timebarred. Thus, a decision was rendered on the merits. Moreover, the Court is
satisfied that the issues and parties are essentially the same in the prior and
present cases. Under these circumstances, the Court holds that the doctrine of res
judicata operates to bar the instant claims. Eaton Co Rd Comm'rs, supra.
Although none of the parties has cited a single case addressing whether a dismissal on statute of
limitations grounds constitutes an adjudication on the merits for purposes of res judicata,7 we
hold that it does not.
The determination whether res judicata bars a lawsuit involves a question of law, which
we review de novo. Chestonia Twp v Star Twp, 266 Mich App 423, 428; 702 NW2d 631 (2005),
citing Adair v Michigan, 470 Mich 105, 119; 680 NW2d 386 (2004). In Dart v Dart, 460 Mich
573, 586; 597 NW2d 82 (1999), the Supreme Court outlined the general principles governing res
judicata:
Res judicata bars a subsequent action between the same parties when the
evidence or essential facts are identical. Eaton Co Bd of Co Rd Comm'rs v
Schultz, 205 Mich App 371, 375; 521 NW2d 847 (1994). A second action is
barred when (1) the first action was decided on the merits, (2) the matter
contested in the second action was or could have been resolved in the first, and
(3) both actions involve the same parties or their privies. Id. at 375-376.
Michigan courts have broadly applied the doctrine of res judicata. They
have barred, not only claims already litigated, but every claim arising from the
same transaction that the parties, exercising reasonable diligence, could have
raised but did not. Gose v Monroe Auto Equipment Co, 409 Mich 147, 160-163;
294 NW2d 165 (1980); Sprague v Buhagiar, 213 Mich App 310, 313; 539 NW2d
587 (1995).
In support of the trial court's ruling, defendants argue that the granting of a motion for
summary disposition constitutes an adjudication on the merits. As a general matter, this
proposition can be correct. See, e.g., Mable Cleary Trust v Edward-Marlah Muzyl Trust, 262
Mich App 485, 510; 686 NW2d 770 (2004) ("[A] summary disposition ruling is the procedural
equivalent of a trial on the merits that bars relitigation on principles of res judicata."). However,
because a motion for summary disposition can be premised on both procedural and substantive
7
Consequently, we could simply conclude that the issue was abandoned for failure to prime the
appellate pump. Mitcham v Detroit, 355 Mich 182, 203; 94 NW2d 388 (1959). We resolve the
issue now, however, because the trial court decided the issue.
-7-
grounds, see MCR 2.116(C)(1)-(10), it is necessary to determine whether a motion brought
under MCR 2.116(C)(7) for expiration of the period of limitations constitutes an adjudication on
the merits.
We are not writing on a clean slate, as both the Supreme Court and this Court have
addressed this issue. In Nordman v Earle Equipment Co, 352 Mich 342; 89 NW2d 594 (1958),
the Supreme Court rejected the argument that a prior dismissal on the basis that the complaint
was filed prematurely was an adjudication on the merits, holding:
"'No judgment in any legal proceeding can be a bar unless the rights of the
party whose claim has been presented for adjudication have been passed upon, or
he had the right in such proceeding to have the merits of such claim adjudicated.'"
[Id. at 346 (citations omitted).]
Although Nordman did not involve a prior dismissal on statute of limitations grounds, it was
used as controlling precedent when this Court considered that precise issue in Malesev v
Garavaglia, 12 Mich App 282; 162 NW2d 844 (1968). In that case, certain property owners
brought suit in Macomb Circuit Court against several contractors for property damage. The
defendants successfully moved for dismissal based on the three-year statute of limitations. Less
than two months later, plaintiffs filed another lawsuit, this time alleging breach of contract,
against the same defendants in Wayne Circuit Court. The trial court granted defendants' motion
for accelerated judgment. Id. at 284. This Court reversed the dismissal, holding that a dismissal
based on the statute of limitations was not an adjudication on the merits for res judicata
purposes.
A judgment, to constitute a bar to any subsequent claim, however, must be
rendered on the merits. Tucker v Rohrback, 13 Mich 73 (1864). "'No judgment in
any legal proceeding can be a bar unless the rights of the party whose claim has
been presented for adjudication have been passed upon, or he had the right in
such proceeding to have merits on such claim adjudicated.'" Nordman v Earle
Equipment Company, 352 Mich 342, 346 [89 NW2d 594] (1958). The
accelerated judgment granted on the first action in tort properly applied the 3-year
statute of limitation and dismissed the plaintiffs' claim without deciding the
merits.
* * *
As the accelerated judgment of the tort claim was not a decision on the
merits, it was not res judicata to bar a second suit for breach of contract.
[Malesev, supra at 285.]
In a plurality opinion issued just over a decade later, the Supreme Court, citing its
Nordman opinion, indicated that "[a]n accelerated judgment based on the three-year statute of
limitations is not an adjudication on the merits of a cause of action." Rogers v Colonial Fed
Savings & Loan Ass'n of Grosse Pointe Woods, 405 Mich 607, 619 n 5; 275 NW2d 499 (1979).
More recently, in Ozark v Kais, 184 Mich App 302; 457 NW2d 145 (1990), we concluded that a
prior dismissal on statute of limitations grounds did not, under res judicata, bar a second suit.
-8-
In this case, the first action was dismissed on the basis of the statute of
limitations. Such a dismissal was on a technical, procedural ground. The
question whether defendant was the child's father was never adjudicated.
Therefore, we find that the first action was not decided on its merits. The
doctrine of res judicata does not apply. [Id. at 308.]
In accordance with these decisions, we hold that the prior dismissal of the estate's case on statute
of limitations grounds did not constitute an adjudication on the merits for the purposes of res
judicata.8 Therefore, res judicata did not bar this action.
C. Notice of Intent
The trial court's final reason for dismissal was that plaintiff 's complaint was subject to
dismissal because the successor personal representative failed to serve a notice of intent on
defendants, citing MCL 600.2912b(1) and Halton v Fawcett, 259 Mich App 699, 704; 675
NW2d 880 (2003). The trial court and defendants are correct in this last assertion, as plaintiff
herself was required to file or serve a notice of intent before commencing this lawsuit. Halton,
supra. However, the remedy for this deficiency is a dismissal without prejudice. See Neal v
Oakwood Hosp Corp, 226 Mich App 701, 715; 575 NW2d 68 (1997) ("[D]ismissal without
prejudice" would be the "appropriate sanction for plaintiff 's noncompliance with [MCL
600.2912b(1)].
IV. Conclusion
We reverse the trial court's grant of defendants' motions for summary disposition based
on MCL 600.5852 and res judicata, but affirm the dismissal based on plaintiff 's failure to
comply with MCL 600.2912b(1), and remand for entry of an order dismissing this case without
prejudice. Neal, supra. We do not retain jurisdiction. No costs to either side.
/s/ Christopher M. Murray
/s/ Kathleen Jansen
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
8
Although no party has cited McLean for its brief discussion of res judicata, we conclude that
McLean does not affect our analysis. In order to even consider the doctrine of res judicata, there
must be a second suit filed. Chestonia Twp, supra at 429. In McLean, the personal
representatives never filed a second lawsuit, McLean, supra at 197, and therefore its discussion
of res judicata was based upon a hypothetical situation. Its discussion was therefore obiter
dictum and not binding on subsequent panels. Carr v City of Lansing, 259 Mich App 376, 383384; 674 NW2d 168 (2003).
-9-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
