MATTHEW LYNN SEHLKE V JENNIFER LANAE VANDERMAAS
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
MATTHEW LYNN SEHLKE,
FOR PUBLICATION
September 27, 2005
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 262346
Clinton Circuit Court
LC No. 02-015818-DC
JENNIFER LANAE VANDERMAAS,
Defendant-Appellant.
Official Reported Version
Before: Sawyer, P.J., and Talbot and Borrello, JJ.
SAWYER, P.J.
We are asked in this case to revisit our holding in Dehring v Dehring1 that an intrastate
change of domicile does not constitute a sufficient change of circumstance to reopen a custody
case. In light of statutory changes enacted after our decision in Dehring, we now hold that an
intrastate change in legal residence in excess of 100 miles constitutes a change in circumstances
sufficient to reopen a custody matter.
The parties, who were never married, lived together in DeWitt in Clinton County and had
a child who was born in 2000. Thereafter, the parties separated and a custody action was
brought. A custody order was entered in 2003 that granted shared legal custody, but granted
physical custody to defendant with reasonable and liberal parenting time to plaintiff.
Plaintiff petitioned the court in March 2005 for a change in custody. The basis for
plaintiff 's request was that defendant had moved with their son to Lexington, Michigan,
approximately 140 miles away, and that plaintiff 's visitation would be reduced as a result.
Plaintiff alleged that the move was without his consent as required by the custody order and in
violation of the parties' agreement that when their son reached school age he would attend the
DeWitt Public Schools.
1
220 Mich App 163; 559 NW2d 59 (1996).
-1-
After a hearing on plaintiff 's petition, the trial court determined that the unauthorized
move constituted a change in circumstance. Further, after reviewing the custody factors, the
court determined that it was in child's best interests for physical custody to be changed to
plaintiff. The parties retained joint legal custody. Defendant now appeals. We affirm in part,
vacate the order for the change in custody, and remand.
Defendant first argues that the trial court erred in determining that there was a change in
circumstance before hearing any evidence. We disagree. When Dehring was decided, there was
no statutory requirement that parents obtain permission of the court before moving the child's
domicile intrastate.2
Moreover, the Dehring Court specifically weighed the policy
considerations of restricting the custodial parent's ability to move to a different community and
the child's need to maintain ties to the current community.3 Dehring acknowledged that such a
move would hinder the noncustodial parent's visitation with the children. But, ultimately, the
Court essentially concluded that the paramount policy consideration was the custodial parent's
ability to move to a different community.4
Subsequently, however, the Legislature determined that that was not the paramount
policy consideration in Michigan and imposed restrictions on changing a child's legal residence
to a location more than 100 miles away. Specifically, MCL 722.31, which was added to the
Child Custody Act, MCL 722.21 et seq., by 2000 PA 422, effective January 9, 2001, provides
that, unless sole legal custody is granted to one of the parents, a child has a legal residence with
both parents and that legal residence cannot be moved to a location more than 100 miles from the
child's original legal residence, except with consent of the other parent or by permission of the
court, or unless the move would cause the child's two legal residences to be closer to each other.
The statute does not differentiate between interstate and intrastate moves.
Furthermore, where the court is called upon to approve a change over the other parent's
objection, the statute lists five factors to be considered, with the directive that the court's primary
focus is on the child.5 This directly conflicts with the directive in Dehring6 that the focus is on
the custodial parent's right to relocate over the child's interests in remaining in the community.
In sum, the Legislature acted to clearly define the public policy in this state regarding
parental moves. It did so in a manner inconsistent with our holding in Dehring. Accordingly,
we hold that our conclusion in Dehring has been overruled by statute in those cases for which
2
Id. at 166.
3
Id. at 167.
4
Id.
5
MCL 722.31(4).
6
Dehring, supra at 167.
-2-
MCL 722.31 applies. In those cases, a move by the custodial parent in violation of MCL 722.31
constitutes a change in circumstance that authorizes the trial court to reopen the custody matter.
This brings us to the other point argued by defendant, namely that the trial court acted
prematurely in concluding that there was a change in circumstance before hearing any evidence.
It is true that the burden is on the moving party to establish by a preponderance of the evidence
that either proper cause or a change of circumstances exists before the trial court may determine
if an established custodial environment exists and conduct a review of the best interest factors to
determine if custody should change.7 This would normally imply the need to take evidence. But
in this case, it was undisputed that defendant had relocated the child's legal residence with her
more than 100 miles away and that she did so in violation of the statute. Given that the
Legislature has forbidden such moves without consent of the other parent or permission of the
trial court, we are of the opinion that the Legislature has expressed a sufficiently strong public
policy position that it was not erroneous for the trial court to conclude that the fact of the
unauthorized move alone is sufficient to constitute a change in circumstance.
While we conclude that a move in violation of MCL 722.31 by itself constitutes a change
of circumstances, we note that this does not necessarily mean that the trial court must grant a
change in custody. The court will still have to make the determination of what is in the best
interests of the child and whether a change in custody is warranted. For that matter, a change in
custody does not remedy the statutory violation as the statute precludes both the custodial and
the noncustodial parents from moving more than 100 miles away. The statutory violation can
only be cured by (1) the offending parent moving back within the 100-mile range, presumably by
order of the court under threat of contempt if necessary, (2) by transferring sole legal custody to
the other parent so that the statute no longer applies, or (3) by belatedly granting a request by the
parent to approve the move. We are not concerned here with remedying the statutory violation,
but merely with the question whether the violation represents a change in circumstance. And we
conclude that it does.
Turning to the custody determination itself, however, we agree with defendant that the
matter was decided prematurely without opportunity for a friend of the court review or a separate
evidentiary hearing after the determination that there was a change in circumstance. In short, the
trial court should have waited to take up the matter of the actual request for a change in custody.
Accordingly, we vacate the order granting a change in custody and remand the matter to the trial
court to set the matter for an evidentiary hearing on the change in custody issue, preceded by a
referral to the friend of the court for investigation and report if appropriate.
7
Vodvarka v Grasmeyer, 259 Mich App 499, 509; 675 NW2d 847 (2003).
-3-
We see no need at this time to assign this matter to a different judge8 or to address the
issue regarding consideration of defendant's relationship with a married man.
Affirmed in part, custody order vacated, and remanded for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction. No costs, neither party having prevailed in full.
/s/ David H. Sawyer
/s/ Michael J. Talbot
/s/ Stephen L. Borrello
8
We are aware of the need to avoid even the appearance of impropriety. But nothing in the
record suggests that the judge cannot render a fair and impartial ruling after considering any
Friend of the Court recommendation or hearing any further evidence that may be presented.
Further, we trust that the trial judge would recuse herself if she felt she could not look past her
original ruling if any further proceedings would reveal the need to do so.
-4-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
