H A SMITH LUMBER V JOHN DECINA
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
H.A. SMITH LUMBER & HARDWARE
COMPANY,
FOR PUBLICATION
March 3, 2005
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff/CounterdefendantAppellee,
v
No. 238521
Oakland Circuit Court
LC No. 1999-015436-CZ
JOHN DECINA,
Defendant/Cross-DefendantAppellant,
ON REMAND
and
JOHN DECINA DEVELOPMENT COMPANY,
Third-Party Defendant/CrossDefendant/CounterplaintiffAppellant,
and
LINAS P. GOBIS and LYDIA K. GOBIS,
Defendants/CrossDefendants/CrossPlaintiffs/CounterdefendantsAppellees,
Official Reported Version
and
WILLIAM GARDELLA, d/b/a WILLIAMS
GLASS COMPANY,
Defendant/Counterplaintiff/CrossPlaintiff/Third-Party PlaintiffAppellee.
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Before: Talbot, P.J. and Neff and Kelly, JJ.
KELLY, J.
This case is before us by order of our Supreme Court,1 which vacated part V of our
decision in HA Smith Lumber & Hardware Co v Decina, 258 Mich App 419, 428-431; 670
NW2d 719 (2003), in which we concluded that the trial court properly ordered John Decina
(Decina) to pay H.A. Smith Lumber and Hardware Company (Smith) and Williams Glass
Company (Williams) attorney fees pursuant to the Construction Lien Act (CLA), MCL 570.1101
et seq. Our Supreme Court determined: "The Court of Appeals clearly erred by finding that the
Oakland Circuit Court's 'final order stated that attorney fees were awarded against Decina
pursuant to the CLA . . .' 258 Mich App 419, 428 n 3." 471 Mich 925 (2004). Accordingly, that
Court remanded this issue to us for reconsideration. We again affirm.
The complete facts of this case are set forth in our original opinion. But the facts relevant
to the issue on remand are as follows. In the trial court, Smith and Williams both alleged claims
of lien under the CLA. In a bench trial, the trial court ruled that Smith and Williams both had
valid claims of lien that did not attach to the property because the property owners (Linas and
Lydia Gobis) had paid the entire amount to John Decina Development Company. But the trial
court determined that Decina owed Smith and Williams the amount due under a breach of
contract theory, which they pleaded alternatively.
After the conclusion of the bench trial, Smith and Williams filed motions seeking
attorney fees pursuant to the CLA. The trial court's final order states that Smith and Williams
"each have valid claims of lien." The final order also ordered Decina to pay Smith's and
Williams's attorney fees. In his appeal to this Court, Decina argued that the trial court erred in
ordering him to pay Smith's and Williams's attorney fees under the CLA because Smith and
Williams were not prevailing parties. Neither Smith nor Williams cross-appealed an order
denying their request for attorney fees pursuant to the CLA. Yet it remains unclear whether the
trial court awarded the attorney fees pursuant to the CLA because the trial court's final order does
not explicitly state that the attorney fees were awarded pursuant to the CLA. Upon
reconsideration, we again affirm the trial court's order granting attorney fees because, even if the
trial court did not award attorney fees pursuant to the CLA, it could have properly done so.
We review a trial court's decision to award attorney fees for an abuse of discretion.
Schoensee v Bennett, 228 Mich App 305, 314; 577 NW2d 915 (1998). This issue also involves a
question of law, which we review de novo. Solution Source, Inc v LPR Assoc Ltd Partnership,
252 Mich App 368, 377; 652 NW2d 474 (2002).
Attorney fees are not recoverable unless expressly allowed by statute, court rule, or
judicial exception. Popma v Auto Club Ins Ass'n, 446 Mich 460, 474; 521 NW2d 831 (1994).
The relevant portion of the CLA, MCL 570.1118(2), provides:
1
471 Mich 925 (2004).
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In each action in which enforcement of a construction lien through
foreclosure is sought, the court shall examine each claim and defense that is
presented, and determine the amount, if any, due to each lien claimant or to any
mortgagee or holder of an encumbrance, and their respective priorities. The court
may allow reasonable attorneys' fees to a lien claimant who is the prevailing
party. The court also may allow reasonable attorneys' fees to a prevailing
defendant if the court determines the lien claimant's action to enforce a
construction lien under this section was vexatious. Attorneys' fees allowed under
this section shall not be paid from the homeowner construction lien recovery fund
created under part 2. [Emphasis added.]
"The primary goal of judicial interpretation of statutes is to ascertain and give effect to
the intent of the Legislature. The first step in determining legislative intent is to review the
language of the statute itself. If the statute is unambiguous, the Legislature is presumed to have
intended the meaning expressed and judicial construction is neither required nor permitted."
Solution Source, supra at 372-373 (citations deleted). But, if reasonable minds can differ
concerning the meaning of a statute, judicial construction of the statute is appropriate. Id. at 373.
The trial court could have awarded attorney fees to Smith and Williams under the CLA
because, in assessing attorney fees under the CLA, "prevailing party" means one who prevails in
a CLA claim or a claim brought in the alternative for the same injury or loss raised in the CLA
claim. The CLA is remedial and should be construed liberally to "secure the beneficial results,
intents, and purposes of this act." MCL 570.1302(1); Solution Source, supra at 373. One of the
purposes of the CLA is to protect the rights of lien claimants to payment for expenses. Id. at
373-374. Allowing a party to pursue both a construction lien and other in personam actions
"merely gives it a better chance of recovering what it is owed." Old Kent Bank of Kalamazoo v
Whitaker Constr Co, 222 Mich App 436, 439, 566 NW2d 1 (1997).
We addressed this issue with respect to the Michigan Consumer Protection Act (MCPA),
MCL 445.901 et seq., in Van Zanten v H Vander Laan Co, Inc, 200 Mich App 139, 141; 503
NW2d 713 (1993). In determining the meaning of "prevailing party" under the MCPA, we held:
Although plaintiff did plead three different theories of why she was
entitled to recover damages against defendant, each of those theories sought to
recover for the same injury and recovery under any theory would have allowed
plaintiff to recover the full measure of her damages. Accordingly, it was
necessary for plaintiff to prevail only on one theory in order to be considered a
prevailing party. [Id. at 141.]
We apply the reasoning in Van Zanten here and hold that, in assessing attorney fees under the
CLA, "prevailing party" means one who prevails in a CLA claim or a claim brought in the
alternative for the same injury or loss raised in the CLA claim. A party should not be precluded
from recovering attorney fees under the CLA simply because it recovers under an alternative
theory that which it also sought under a CLA claim.
Smith and Williams sought recovery for unpaid labor and materials under the CLA and,
in the alternative, under a breach of contract claim. The trial court determined that Smith and
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Williams had valid liens that did not attach to the property because Linas and Lydia Gobis paid
the entire contract amount to John Decina Development Company. But the trial court
determined that Decina breached the contracts with Smith and Williams and awarded them
damages on their breach of contract claims. Therefore, because Smith and Williams were
"prevailing parties" for purposes of the CLA, the trial court could have ordered Decina to pay
them attorney fees pursuant to the CLA. This Court "will not reverse when the trial court
reached the right result for the wrong reason." Taylor v Laban, 241 Mich App 449, 458; 616
NW2d 229 (2000).
Affirmed.
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
/s/ Michael J. Talbot
/s/ Janet T. Neff
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